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  • 1.
    Anwar, Mohiemen
    et al.
    Chelsea & Westminster NHS Fdn Trust, ENT Dept, London, England..
    Arendt, Maja-Louise
    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Ramachandran, Mohanraj
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy.
    Carlsson, Anette
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Essand, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy.
    Akusjärvi, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Alusi, Ghasan
    Ixogen Ltd, London, England..
    Öberg, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Ixovex-1, a novel oncolytic E1B-mutated adenovirus2022In: Cancer Gene Therapy, ISSN 0929-1903, E-ISSN 1476-5500, Vol. 29, no 11, p. 1628-1635Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a great demand for improved oncolytic viruses that selectively replicate within cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Here, we describe a novel oncolytic adenovirus, Ixovex-1, that obtains a cancer-selective replication phenotype by modulating the level of expression of the different, alternatively spliced E1B mRNA isoforms. Ixovex-1 is a recombinant adenovirus that carries a single point mutation in the E1B-93R 3' splice acceptor site that results in overexpression of the E1B-156R splice isoform. In this paper, we studied the characteristics of this novel oncolytic adenovirus by validating its in vitro behaviour in a panel of normal cells and cancer cells. We additionally studied its anti-tumour efficacy in vivo. Ixovex-1 significantly inhibited tumour growth and prolonged survival of mice in an immune-deficient lung carcinoma tumour implantation model. In complementation experiments, overexpression of E1B-156R was shown to increase the oncolytic index of both Ad5wt and ONYX-015. In contrast to prior viruses of similar type, Ixovex-1 includes a functional E3B region for better in vivo efficacy. Throughout this study, the Ixovex-1 virus has been proven to be superior in competency compared to a virus with multiple deletions.

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  • 2.
    Katsaros, Ioannis
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Science.
    Carlsson, Anette
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Akusjärvi, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Xia, Wei
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Science.
    Engqvist, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Science.
    Contact inactivation of human adenovirus type 5 by silicon nitride ceramicsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Containing the spread of pathogens and treating the diseases they cause have become topics of high importance and urgency for researchers. Recent epidemics and pandemics, key amongst them being the pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), have highlighted the devastating results virus infections can have on our society. Uncovering and utilising materials for the protection from and treatment of virus-induced diseases can considerably alleviate the load imposed on healthcare systems worldwide. Silicon nitride is a biocompatible ceramic material used in orthopedic implants that is effective in the inactivation of single-stranded RNA viruses. However, the effect of the material on the more resilient DNA viruses remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the antiviral behaviour of the material, in powder and bulk form, against DNA viruses, and more specifically the human adenovirus. The results of the study indicated that silicon nitride dramatically reduces adenoviral infectivity in powder (>98% reduction in infective virus compared to untreated samples) and bulk form (>73% reduction in infective virus compared to negative control). In both cases, inactivation was achieved rapidly, in one minute for powders and 10 minutes for bulk surfaces. The findings of this study strengthen the potential of silicon nitride to be used as an antiviral agent, aiding the fight against the spread of both DNA and RNA virus diseases.

  • 3.
    Törmänen, Heidi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Backström, Ellenor
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Carlsson, Anette
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Akusjärvi, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    L4-33K, an adenovirus-encoded alternative RNA splicing factor2006In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 281, no 48, p. 36510-36517Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Splicing of the adenovirus IIIa mRNA is subjected to a strict temporal regulation during virus infection such that efficient IIIa 3' splice site usage is confined to the late phase of the infectious cycle. Here we show that the adenovirus L4-33K protein functions as a virus-encoded RNA splicing factor that preferentially activates splicing of transcripts with a weak 3' splice site sequence context, a sequence configuration that is shared by many of the late adenovirus 3' splice sites. Furthermore, we show that L4-33K activates IIIa splicing through the IIIa virus infection-dependent splicing enhancer element (3VDE). This element was previously shown to be the minimal element, both necessary and sufficient, for activation of IIIa splicing in the context of an adenovirus-infected cell. L4-33K stimulates an early step in spliceosome assembly and appears to be the only viral protein necessary to convert a nuclear extract prepared from uninfected HeLa cells to an extract with splicing properties very similar to a nuclear extract prepared from adenovirus late-infected cells. Collectively, our results suggest that L4-33K is the key viral protein required to activate the early to late switch in adenovirus major late L1 alternative splicing.

  • 4.
    Zhao, Xiaomin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Rush, Margaret
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Carlsson, Anette
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Schwartz, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    The presence of inhibitory RNA elements in the late 3'-untranslated region is a conserved property of human papillomaviruses2007In: Virus Research, ISSN 0168-1702, E-ISSN 1872-7492, Vol. 125, no 2, p. 135-144Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we have tested the inhibitory activity of the late untranslated region (UTR) of nine different human papillomavirus (HPV) types representing three different genera and six different species. These HPVs include both low-risk and high-risk types. We found that the late UTR of the various HPVs all displayed inhibitory activity, although they inhibited gene expression to various extent. The late UTR from the two distantly related HPV types 1 and 16, which are two different species that belong to different genera, each interacted with a 55 kDa protein. This protein cross-linked specifically to both HPV-1 and HPV-16 late UTR, although it bound more strongly to HPV-16 than to HPV-1, which correlated with the higher inhibitory activity of the HPV-16 late UTR. Mutagenesis experiments revealed that inactivation of two UGUUUGU motifs in the HPV-16 late UTR or two UAUUUAU motifs in the HPV-1 late UTR resulted in loss of binding of p55. In summary, these results demonstrate that the presence inhibitory elements encoding PuU3–5Pu-motifs in the HPV late UTR is a conserved property of different HPV types, species and genera, and suggest that these elements play an important role in the viral life cycle.

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