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  • 1.
    Börjeson, Love
    et al.
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Haffenden, Chris
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas. KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Malmsten, Martin
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Klingwall, Fredrik
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Rende, Emma
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Kurtz, Robin
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Rekathati, Faton
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Hägglöf, Hillevi
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Sikora, Justyna
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Transfiguring the Library as Digital Research Infrastructure: Making KBLab at the National Library of SwedenManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This article provides an account of the making of KBLab, the data lab at the National Library of Sweden (KB). The first part of the article offers an evaluative discussion of the work involved in establishing KBLab as both a physical and a digital site for researchers to use KB’s digital collections at previously unimaginable scales. Beyond explaining how the lab aligns with KB’s broader mission as a national library, we also elaborate upon the design of the technical setup and the processes of research coordination that the operation of a library lab presumes. The second part discusses how KBLab has deployed the library’s collections as data to produce high quality Swedish AI models, which constitute a significant new form of digital research infrastructure. We situate this development work in the context of uneven AI coverage for smaller languages, and consider how the lab’s models have contributed to the making of important AI infrastructure for the Swedish language. The conclusion raises the possibilities and challenges involved in continuing the type of library-based AI development we have initiated at KBLab.

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  • 2.
    Drakman, Annelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    Haffenden, Chris
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    Hellström, Petter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    Levin, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    Pettersson, Ingemar
    Humaniora har mer än en roll att spela2012In: Respons, ISSN 1102-1721, no 6, p. 14-15Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Är humaniora lönsamt? Ska det vara lönsamt? Fem doktorander funderar över sin och samhällets framtid.

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  • 3.
    Fredrikzon, Johan
    et al.
    University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Haffenden, Chris
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    Towards erasure studies: Excavating the material conditions of memory and forgetting2023In: Memory, Mind & Media, E-ISSN 2635-0238, Vol. 2, article id E2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While the history and practices of collecting have received considerable attention over the past few decades, the notion of erasure – of the deleting, removal or destruction of material, whether deliberate or otherwise – has remained largely in the shadows. We challenge this neglect by placing erasure centre stage and treating it as a productive phenomenon in its own right. Indeed, we suggest that it forms a significant precondition for the very possibility of memory and collections. This article draws upon a recent turn to consider questions of forgetting, ignorance and ending to lay out the grounds for analysing the various roles played by erasure in making and unmaking our world. Inspired by Paul Connerton's discussion of different types of forgetting, we present five distinct forms of erasure that we regard as principally important: (i) repressive erasure, (ii) protective erasure, (iii) operative erasure, (iv) amending erasure and (v) calamitous and neglectful erasure. In each case, we discuss the characteristic logic of the erasure at hand and provide examples of the historical and media-specific forms in which it has been enacted. Our aim in doing so is to provide future researchers with some of the analytical tools and perspectives necessary to engage in further erasure studies. For if we are interested in making sense of the shifting and complex world we inhabit, then the interdisciplinary study of the compelling yet elusive phenomenon of erasure is an excellent place to start.

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  • 4.
    Haffenden, Chris
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    Every Man His Own Monument: Self-Monumentalizing in Romantic Britain2018Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    From framing private homes as museums, to sitting for life masks and appointing biographers, new forms of self-monumentalizing emerged in the early nineteenth century. In this study I investigate the emergence and configuration of such practices in Romantic Britain. Positioning these practices at the intersection of emergent national pantheons, a modern conception of history, and a newly-formed celebrity culture, I argue that this period witnessed the birth of distinctively modern ways for the individual to make immortality. Faced with a visceral fear of being forgotten, public figures began borrowing from celebrity culture to make their own monuments.

    Concentrated upon early nineteenth-century London, I characterize these practices as attempts at self-made immortality.  I do so by analyzing the legacy projects of three well-known but seldom connected individuals: the Auto-Icon by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832), the Soane Museum by the architect Sir John Soane (1753–1837), and the life-writing efforts of the painter Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786–1846). Employing both sociological and materialist frameworks to analyze the making of immortality, I contend that these projects were characteristic of a novel regime for the production of lasting renown. Whereas earlier scholarship on Romantic recognition has tended to focus either on mass-media celebrity or the longer history of canon-formation, I highlight the interactions of celebrity and monument embodied in entrepreneurial efforts to secure future recognition.

    In Every Man His Own Monument, I demonstrate how a constellation of media forms and recording practices we now take for granted—the statuary figure, the house museum, and the published Life—assumed a central place within a new memorial regime. Bringing the historical roots of self-monumentalizing individuals to light, this study contributes to discussions both within the History of Celebrity and Cultural Memory Studies, and to broader debates regarding our Instagram-saturated present.

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  • 5.
    Haffenden, Chris
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    'Immortality in this World': Reconfiguring Celebrity and Monument in the Romantic Period2021In: Celebrity Across the Channel, 1750-1850 / [ed] Anaïs Pédron, Clare Siviter, Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2021, p. 21-43Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Haffenden, Chris
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas. Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kirsti Niskanen & Michael J. Barany (ed.), Gender, Embodiment, and the History of the Scholarly Persona: Incarnations and Contestations (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan 2021). 358 pp.2023In: Historisk Tidskrift, ISSN 0345-469X, E-ISSN 2002-4827, Vol. 143, no 4, p. 675-677Article, book review (Other academic)
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  • 7. Haffenden, Chris
    Recension av Anders Burman & Inga Sanner (red.), Upplysningskritik: Till Bosse Holmqvist, Brutus Östlings Bokförlag Symposium, 2014.2014In: Lychnos, ISSN 0076-1648Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Haffenden, Chris
    et al.
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Fano, Elena
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Malmsten, Martin
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Börjeson, Love
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden.
    Making and Using AI in the Library: Creating a BERT Model at the National Library of Sweden2023In: College & Research Libraries, ISSN 0010-0870, E-ISSN 2150-6701, Vol. 84, no 1Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    How can novel AI techniques be made and put to use in the library? Combining methods from data and library science, this article focuses on Natural Language Processing technologies in especially national libraries. It explains how the National Library of Sweden’s collections enabled the development of a new BERT language model for Swedish. It also outlines specific use cases for the model in the context of academic libraries, detailing strategies for how such a model could make digital collections available for new forms of research: from automated classification to enhanced searchability and improved OCR cohesion. Highlighting the potential for cross-fertilizing AI with libraries, the conclusion suggests that while AI may transform the workings of the library, libraries can also have a key role to play in the future development of AI. 

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  • 9.
    Haffenden, Chris
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    Sikora, Justyna
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden..
    AI, Data Curation and the Data Readiness of Heritage Collections: Exploring the Swedish Newspaper Archive at KBLab2024In: Proceedings of the Huminfra Conference (HiC 2024) / [ed] Elena Volodina, Gerlof Bouma, Markus Forsberg, Dimitrios Kokkinakis, David Alfter, Mats Fridlund, Christian Horn, Lars Ahrenberg, Anna Blåder, 2024, p. 60-66Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing availability of digital material and tools for large-scale computational analysis has produced a growing interest in big data approaches in the humanities and social sciences. However, the vital role of data curation as a precondition for such projects remains underappreciated. This paper details the work of KBLab at the National Library of Sweden in testing AI tools to help curate the digitized newspaper archive and make it more amenable to quantitative, machine learning-based research. It provides a description of the library’s newspaper data to offer orientation to researchers interested in the material, before turning to recount the results of our exploration with automated data curation. It concludes by sketching possible next steps for these exploratory efforts, as well as situating this project within a broader recent turn to conceptualize and prioritize the notion of data readiness. Its principal argument is in drawing attention to data curation as an essential part of any digital research project, not something prior to or external from the research process.

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  • 10.
    Macleod, Colin
    et al.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England..
    Yalen, Chelsea
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England..
    Butcher, Robert
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England..
    Mudaliar, Umesh
    Lautoka Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Lautoka, Fiji..
    Natutusau, Kinisimere
    Lautoka Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Lautoka, Fiji..
    Rainima-Qaniuci, Mere
    WHO, Fiji Country Off, Suva, Fiji..
    Haffenden, Chris
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of History of Science and Ideas.
    Watson, Conall
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Cocks, Naomi
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England..
    Cikamatana, Luisa
    Lautoka Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Lautoka, Fiji.;Minist Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis, Suva, Fiji..
    Roberts, Chrissy H.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England..
    Marks, Michael
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England.;Hosp Trop Dis, London, England..
    Rafai, Eric
    Minist Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis, Suva, Fiji..
    Mabey, David C. W.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England..
    Kama, Mike
    Minist Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis, Suva, Fiji..
    Solomon, Anthony W.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London, England.;Hosp Trop Dis, London, England..
    Eyelash Epilation in the Absence of Trichiasis: Results of a Population-Based Prevalence Survey in the Western Division of Fiji2017In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, ISSN 1935-2727, E-ISSN 1935-2735, Vol. 11, no 1, article id e0005277Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The WHO definition of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) is "at least one eyelash touching the globe, or evidence of recent epilation of in-turned eyelashes ", reflecting the fact that epilation is used as a self-management tool for TT. In Fiji's Western Division, a high TT prevalence (8.7% in those aged >= 15 years) was reported in a 2012 survey, yet a 2013 survey found no TT and Fijian ophthalmologists rarely see TT cases. Local anecdote suggests that eyelash epilation is a common behaviour, even in the absence of trichiasis. Epilators may have been identified as TT cases in previous surveys. Methods We used a preliminary focus group to design an interview questionnaire, and subsequently conducted a population-based prevalence survey to estimate the prevalence of epilation in the absence of trichiasis, and factors associated with this behaviour, in the Western Division of Fiji. Results We sampled 695 individuals aged >= 15 years from a total of 457 households in 23 villages. 125 participants (18%) reported epilating their eyelashes at least once within the past year. Photographs were obtained of the eyes of 121/125 (97%) individuals who epilated, and subsequent analysis by an experienced trachoma grader found no cases of trachomatous conjunctival scarring or trichiasis. The age-and sex-adjusted prevalence of epilation in those aged >= 15 years was 8.6% ( 95% Cl 5.7-11.3%). iTaukei ethnicity, female gender, and a higher frequency of drinking kava root were independently associated with epilation. Conclusion Epilation occurs in this population in the absence of trichiasis, with sufficient frequency to have markedly inflated previous estimates of local TT prevalence. Individuals with epilated eyelashes should be confirmed as having epilated in-turned eyelashes in an eye with scarring of the conjunctiva before being counted as cases of TT.

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  • 11.
    Malmsten, Martin
    et al.
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Börjeson, Love
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Haffenden, Chris
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Playing with Words at the National Library of Sweden: Making a Swedish BERTManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper introduces the Swedish BERT (“KB-BERT”) developed by the KBLab for data-driven research at the National Library ofSweden (KB). Building on recent efforts to create transformer-based BERT models for languages other than English, we explain howwe used KB’s collections to create and train a new language-specific BERT model for Swedish. We also present the results of ourmodel in comparison with existing models—chiefly that produced by the Swedish Public Employment Service, Arbetsf¨ormedlingen,and Google’s multilingual M-BERT—where we demonstrate that KB-BERT outperforms these in a range of NLP tasks from namedentity recognition (NER) to part-of-speech tagging (POS). Our discussion highlights the difficulties that continue to exist given thelack of training data and testbeds for smaller languages like Swedish. We release our model for further exploration and research here:https://github.com/Kungbib/swedish-bert-models.

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  • 12. Malmsten, Martin
    et al.
    Haffenden, Chris
    KBLab, National Library of Sweden, Stockholm.
    Börjeson, Love
    Hearing voices at the National Library: a speech corpus and acoustic model for the Swedish language2022In: Proceeding of Fontetik 2022: Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report, TMH-QPSR, Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 2022, Vol. 3Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper explains our work in developing new acoustic models for automated speech recognition (ASR) at KBLab, the infrastructure for data-driven research at the National Library of Sweden (KB). We evaluate different approaches for a viable speech-to-text pipeline for audiovisual resources in Swedish, using the wav2vec 2.0 architecture in combination with speech corpuses created from KB’s collections. These approaches include pretraining an acoustic model for Swedish from the ground up, and fine-tuning existing monolingual and multilingual models. The collections-based corpuses we use have been sampled from millions of hours of speech, with a conscious attempt to balance regional dialects to produce a more representative, and thus more democratic, model. The acoustic model this enabled, "VoxRex", outperforms existing models for Swedish ASR. We also evaluate combining this model with various pretrained language models, which further enhanced performance. We conclude by highlighting the potential of such technology for cultural heritage institutions with vast collections of previously unlabelled audiovisual data. Our models are released for further exploration and research here: https://huggingface.co/KBLab.

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