Fostran som ett sätt att överföra kunskap och erfarenheter över generationer är något som kan sägas ha varit ständigt närvarande i mänsklighetens historia och även varit en viktig del av dess utveckling. Under de senaste århundradena har fostran i allt högre grad kommit att förknippas med utbildning även om fostran också förekommer i andra sammanhang.
I denna bok behandlas utbildningens fostrande funktioner genom en rad olika historiska undersökningar av såväl offentliga som enskilda utbildningsinsatser med fokus på hur de fungerat fostrande. Detta sker inom ramen för tolv empiriska kapitel som sträcker sig från 1600-talets fostran för svenska adelspojkar till hur användningen av diagram över politiska positioner i läromedel förändrats fram till och med 2010-talet. Vidare innehåller boken en rad undersökningar vilka omfattar synen på fostran vid läroverken och dess föregångare samt studier av lärare, kristendomsundervisning, skolaga, fångvård, verksamhet för arbetarkvinnor, scouter, skolans ordningsregler och medborgarfostran vid tiden för 1980 års läroplansreform. Därutöver inleds den med en introduktion till historiska studier av fostran och avslutas med ett mer teoretiskt kapitel som sätter in de empiriska kapitlen i ett vidare sammanhang.
Dessutom ger boken också en översikt över den forskning som för tillfället bedrivs inom ramen för forskningsgruppen Uppsala Studies of History and Education (SHED) vid Uppsala universitet. Därigenom är den tänkt att vara av intresse för både utbildningshistoriska forskare och personer med ett mer allmänt intresse av historia och utbildning.
The thesis studies how and why ethnicity was used as a ground for separation in order to establish education that was segregated from the normal teaching in elementary schools. The thesis focuses on the educational policy targeted at Gypsies, vagrants and nomadic reindeer-herding Sámi. Due to their ways of living they did not fit into the general Swedish education, which was based on domicile. My aim is to problematise research of the teaching that was offered to Sámi and Gypsies. The safety zone has been used as a metaphor for analysing a physical, spatial way of thinking, where the location of the educational environment in relation to the surrounding society was focused on. The concept has also been used in order to analyse a dimension of educational content that was a matter of forming the pupils’ way of thinking and knowledge. What may at first glance be perceived as primitive and poor, e.g. teaching out of doors, may also, as I see it, be interpreted as a manifestation of a radical educational current. The education policy was moreover a concern not only for the state or for centrally placed actors but engaged the local authority community and other actors. The study shows how actors at different levels in a country committed to education handled issues concerning ambulatory ethnic groups. It was not the same issues that were relevant for the groups, but they involved a common pattern of thought. The education policy, teaching activities and sorting process that are described developed under the influence of international educational and socio-political currents and were shaped by politicians, civil servants, experts, teachers and all sorts of “amateurs”. It is the scope of their knowledge basis, opinions, proposals and actions that is focused on. The thesis also deals with a complicated justification process for identification, sorting and implementation of a separative education, where quite often a “Swedishness” that was difficult to capture was articulated as a norm in relation to the deviant groups.
This article aims to develop a systematising model to analyse correction and punishment in the nineteenth century elementary school in Sweden. The model is used to identify and compare the different forms of correction, to systematise mutual relationships between milder corrections and more harsh punishments, and to find patterns between faults and correction. The model is also used to systematically identify how expressions about correction and punishment change over time. The model is developed on the basis of normative material, which regulated how to maintain order in classrooms.