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  • 1.
    Holland, Linda Z.
    et al.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Developmental Biology. Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
    A new look at an old question: when did the second whole genome duplication occur in vertebrate evolution?2018In: Genome Biology, ISSN 1465-6906, E-ISSN 1474-760X, Vol. 19, article id 209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A recent study used 61 extant animal genomes to reconstruct the chromosomes of the hypothetical amniote ancestor. Comparison of this karyotype to the 17 chordate linkage groups previously inferred in the ancestral chordate indicated that two whole genome duplications probably occurred in the lineage preceding the ancestral vertebrate.

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  • 2.
    Hultqvist, Greta
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Molecular Cell Biology.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Kilimann, Manfred W.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Molecular Cell Biology.
    Evolution of the Vertebrate Paralemmin Gene Family: Ancient Origin of Gene Duplicates Suggests Distinct Functions2012In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 7, no 7, p. e41850-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Paralemmin-1 is a protein implicated in plasma membrane dynamics, the development of filopodia, neurites and dendritic spines, as well as the invasiveness and metastatic potential of cancer cells. However, little is known about its mode of action, or about the biological functions of the other paralemmin isoforms: paralemmin-2, paralemmin-3 and palmdelphin. We describe here evolutionary analyses of the paralemmin gene family in a broad range of vertebrate species. Our results suggest that the four paralemmin isoform genes (PALM1, PALM2, PALM3 and PALMD) arose by quadruplication of an ancestral gene in the two early vertebrate genome duplications. Paralemmin-1 and palmdelphin were further duplicated in the teleost fish specific genome duplication. We identified a unique sequence motif common to all paralemmins, consisting of 11 highly conserved residues of which four are invariant. A single full-length paralemmin homolog with this motif was identified in the genome of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and an isolated putative paralemmin motif could be detected in the genome of the lancelet Branchiostoma floridae. This allows us to conclude that the paralemmin gene family arose early and has been maintained throughout vertebrate evolution, suggesting functional diversification and specific biological roles of the paralemmin isoforms. The paralemmin genes have also maintained specific features of gene organisation and sequence. This includes the occurrence of closely linked downstream genes, initially identified as a readthrough fusion protein with mammalian paralemmin-2 (Palm2-AKAP2). We have found evidence for such an arrangement for paralemmin-1 and -2 in several vertebrate genomes, as well as for palmdelphin and paralemmin-3 in teleost fish genomes, and suggest the name paralemmin downstream genes (PDG) for this new gene family. Thus, our findings point to ancient roles for paralemmins and distinct biological functions of the gene duplicates.

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  • 3.
    Lagman, David
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Jenny, Widmark
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Abalo, Xesus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Sundström, Görel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    The vertebrate ancestral repertoire of five visual opsins was established in the two rounds of early vertebrate genome doublingsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Lagman, David
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Sundström, Görel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Abalo, Xesus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Expansion of transducin subunit gene families in early vertebrate tetraploidizations2012In: Genomics, ISSN 0888-7543, E-ISSN 1089-8646, Vol. 100, no 4, p. 203-211Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hundreds of gene families expanded in the early vertebrate tetraploidizations including many gene families in the phototransduction cascade. We have investigated the evolution of the heterotrimeric G-proteins of photoreceptors, the transducins, in relation to these events using both phylogenetic analyses and synteny comparisons. Three alpha subunit genes were identified in amniotes and the coelacanth, GNAT1-3; two of these were identified in amphibians and teleost fish, GNAT1 and GNAT2. Most tetrapods have four beta genes, GNB1-4, and teleosts have additional duplicates. Finally, three gamma genes were identified in mammals, GNGT1, GNG11 and GNGT2. Of these, GNGT1 and GNGT2 were found in the other vertebrates. In frog and zebrafish additional duplicates of GNGT2 were identified. Our analyses show all three transducin families expanded during the early vertebrate tetraploidizations and the beta and gamma families gained additional copies in the teleost-specific genome duplication. This suggests that the tetraploidizations contributed to visual specialisations.

  • 5.
    Larhammar, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Ocampo, Daniel Daza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Bergqvist, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Sundström, Görel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Evolution of vertebrate neuropeptide receptors2010In: Regulatory Peptides, ISSN 0167-0115, E-ISSN 1873-1686, Vol. 164, no 1, p. 20-20Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Larhammar, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Sundström, Görel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Dreborg, Susanne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Larsson, Tomas A
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Major genomic events and their consequences for vertebrate evolution and endocrinology2009In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, ISSN 0077-8923, E-ISSN 1749-6632, Vol. 1163, no 1, p. 201-208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Comparative studies of proteins often face the problem of distinguishing a true orthologue (species homologue) from a paralogue (a gene duplicate). This identification task is particularly challenging for endocrine peptides and neuropeptides because they are short and usually have several invariant positions. For some peptide families, this has led to a terminology with peptide names relating to the first species where a specific peptide sequence was determined, such as chicken or salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or names that highlight amino acid differences, e.g., Lys-vasopressin. With accumulating information from multiple species, such a terminology becomes almost impenetrable for nonexperts and difficult even for aficionados. The sequenced genomes offer a new way to distinguish orthologues and paralogues, namely by location of the genes relative to neighboring genes on the chromosomes. In addition, the genome databases can ideally provide a complete listing of the family members in each species. Many vertebrate gene families have expanded in the two basal tetraploidizations (2R) and the teleost fish third tetraploidization (3R), after which some vertebrate lineages have lost some of the duplicates. We review here some peptide families (neuropeptide Y, oxytocin-vasopressin, and somatostatin) where genomic information helps simplify nomenclature. This approach is useful also for other gene families, such as peptide receptors.

  • 7.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Evolution of Vertebrate Endocrine and Neuronal Gene Families: Focus on Pituitary and Retina2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The duplication of genes followed by selection is perhaps the most prominent way in which molecular biological systems gain multiplicity, diversity and functional complexity in evolution. Whole genome duplications (WGDs) therefore have the potential of generating an extraordinary amount of evolutionary innovation. It is now accepted that the vertebrate lineage has gone through two rounds of WGD in its early stages, after the divergence of invertebrate chordates and before the emergence of jawed vertebrates. These basal vertebrate WGDs are called 2R for two rounds of whole genome duplication. An additional WGD called 3R occurred early in the evolution of teleost fishes, before the radiation of this species-rich group. This thesis describes the evolution of several endocrine and neuronal gene families in relation to the vertebrate WGDs, through a comparative genomic approach including both phylogenetic analyses and chromosomal location data across a wide range of vertebrate taxa.

    These results show that numerous endocrine gene families have expanded in 2R and in several cases also in 3R. These include the gene families of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors (OT/VP-R), somatostatin receptors (SSTR) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP). For the OT/VP-R and SSTR families, previously undescribed subtypes were identified. The protein hormone family that includes growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL) acquired a new PRL gene in 2R, however the origins of GH, PRL and SL likely predate 2R. The corresponding family of receptors diversified during different time periods through a combination of local duplications and 3R.

    Neuronal gene families of the visual system have also expanded in 2R and 3R. The results presented here demonstrate that the vertebrate repertoire of visual opsin genes arose in 2R as part of chromosomal blocks that also include the OT/VP-R genes. The gene families including the transducin alpha, beta and gamma subunits also arose in 2R, hinting at the importance of these events in the diversification and specialization of phototransduction cascades for rods and cones.

    Thus, the whole genome duplications have been important contributors to the evolution of both vision and endocrine regulation in the vertebrates.

    List of papers
    1. The oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family has at least five members in the gnathostome lineage, inclucing two distinct V2 subtypes
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family has at least five members in the gnathostome lineage, inclucing two distinct V2 subtypes
    2012 (English)In: General and Comparative Endocrinology, ISSN 0016-6480, E-ISSN 1095-6840, Vol. 175, no 1, p. 135-143Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The vertebrate oxytocin and vasopressin receptors form a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate a large variety of functions, including social behavior and the regulation of blood pressure, water balance and reproduction. In mammals four family members have been identified, three of which respond to vasopressin (VP) named V1A, V1B and V2, and one of which is activated by oxytocin (OT), called the OT receptor. Four receptors have been identified in chicken as well, but these have received different names. Until recently only V1-type receptors have been described in several species of teleost fishes. We have identified family members in several gnathostome genomes and performed phylogenetic analyses to classify OT/VP-receptors across species and determine orthology relationships. Our phylogenetic tree identifies five distinct ancestral gnathostome receptor subtypes in the OT/VP receptor family: V1A, V1B, V2A, V2B and OT receptors. The existence of distinct V2A and V2B receptors has not been previously recognized. We have found these two subtypes in all examined teleost genomes as well as in available frog and lizard genomes and conclude that the V2A-type is orthologous to mammalian V2 receptors whereas the V2B-type is orthologous to avian V2 receptors. Some teleost fishes have acquired additional and more recent gene duplicates with up to eight receptor family members. Thus, this analysis reveals an unprecedented complexity in the gnathostome repertoire of OT/VP receptors, opening interesting research avenues regarding functions such as regulation of water balance, reproduction and behavior, particularly in reptiles, amphibians, teleost fishes and cartilaginous fishes.

    Keywords
    Vasopressin receptor, Vasotocin receptor, Oxytocin receptor, Mesotocin receptor, Isotocin receptor, Evolution, GPCR
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Research subject
    Biology with specialization in Molecular Evolution
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-166957 (URN)10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.10.011 (DOI)000299065800016 ()22057000 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Carl Tryggers foundation Swedish Research Council
    Available from: 2012-01-17 Created: 2012-01-17 Last updated: 2019-01-03Bibliographically approved
    2. The vertebrate ancestral repertoire of five visual opsins was established in the two rounds of early vertebrate genome doublings
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The vertebrate ancestral repertoire of five visual opsins was established in the two rounds of early vertebrate genome doublings
    Show others...
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-191828 (URN)
    Available from: 2013-01-14 Created: 2013-01-14 Last updated: 2019-01-03
    3. Expansion of transducin subunit gene families in early vertebrate tetraploidizations
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Expansion of transducin subunit gene families in early vertebrate tetraploidizations
    Show others...
    2012 (English)In: Genomics, ISSN 0888-7543, E-ISSN 1089-8646, Vol. 100, no 4, p. 203-211Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Hundreds of gene families expanded in the early vertebrate tetraploidizations including many gene families in the phototransduction cascade. We have investigated the evolution of the heterotrimeric G-proteins of photoreceptors, the transducins, in relation to these events using both phylogenetic analyses and synteny comparisons. Three alpha subunit genes were identified in amniotes and the coelacanth, GNAT1-3; two of these were identified in amphibians and teleost fish, GNAT1 and GNAT2. Most tetrapods have four beta genes, GNB1-4, and teleosts have additional duplicates. Finally, three gamma genes were identified in mammals, GNGT1, GNG11 and GNGT2. Of these, GNGT1 and GNGT2 were found in the other vertebrates. In frog and zebrafish additional duplicates of GNGT2 were identified. Our analyses show all three transducin families expanded during the early vertebrate tetraploidizations and the beta and gamma families gained additional copies in the teleost-specific genome duplication. This suggests that the tetraploidizations contributed to visual specialisations.

    Keywords
    G-protein, Gene duplication, Phototransduction, Teleost fish, Tetraploidization, Transducin
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181018 (URN)10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.07.005 (DOI)000308731600001 ()
    Available from: 2012-09-14 Created: 2012-09-14 Last updated: 2019-01-03Bibliographically approved
    4. Evolution of the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL) family
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evolution of the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL) family
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-191827 (URN)
    Available from: 2013-01-14 Created: 2013-01-14 Last updated: 2019-01-03
    5. The growth hormone receptor (GHR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene family expanded in the basal teleost tetraploidization
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The growth hormone receptor (GHR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene family expanded in the basal teleost tetraploidization
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-191826 (URN)
    Available from: 2013-01-14 Created: 2013-01-14 Last updated: 2019-01-03
    6. The evolution of vertebrate somatostatin receptors and their gene regions involves extensive chromosomal rearrangements.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The evolution of vertebrate somatostatin receptors and their gene regions involves extensive chromosomal rearrangements.
    2012 (English)In: BMC Evolutionary Biology, E-ISSN 1471-2148, Vol. 12, p. 231-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Somatostatin and its related neuroendocrine peptides have a wide varietyof physiological functions that are mediated by five somatostatin receptors with gene names SSTR1-5 in mammals. To resolve their evolution in vertebrates we have investigated the SSTR genes and a large number of adjacent gene families by phylogeny and conserved synteny analyses in a broad range of vertebrate species. Results: We find that the SSTRs form two families that belong to distinct paralogons. We observe not only chromosomal similarities reflecting the paralogy relationships between the SSTR-bearing chromosome regions, but also extensive rearrangements between these regions in teleost fish genomes, including fusions and translocations followed by reshuffling through intrachromosomalrearrangements. These events obscure the paralogy relationships but are still tractable thanks tothe many genomes now available. We have identified a previously unrecognized SSTR subtype, SSTR6, previously misidentified as either SSTR1 or SSTR4. Conclusions: Two ancestral SSTR-bearing chromosome regions were duplicated in the two basalvertebrate tetraploidizations (2R). One of these ancestral SSTR genes generated SSTR2, -3 and -5, the other gave rise to SSTR1, -4 and -6. Subsequently SSTR6 was lost in tetrapods and SSTR4 in teleosts. Our study shows that extensive chromosomal rearrangements have taken place between related chromosome regions in teleosts, but that these events can be resolved by investigating several distantly related species.

    Keywords
    Somatostatin receptors, Whole genome duplications, Chromosome rearrangements
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-189967 (URN)10.1186/1471-2148-12-231 (DOI)000314219500001 ()
    Available from: 2013-01-05 Created: 2013-01-05 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
    7. Evolution of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evolution of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family
    Show others...
    2011 (English)In: Endocrinology, ISSN 0013-7227, E-ISSN 1945-7170, Vol. 152, no 6, p. 2278-2289Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The evolution of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein  (IGFBP) gene family has been difficult to resolve. The early discovery of IGFBP gene synteny with the HOX (homeobox) gene clusters suggested that IGFBP was quadrupled along with HOX in the ancestral vertebrate chromosome duplications. However, some recent articles have favored independent serial duplications of the IGFBP genes. By combining sequence-based phylogenies and chromosome information from multiple vertebrate species, we conclude that chromosome duplications did indeed expand the IGFBP repertoire. After the ancestral chordate IGFBP gene had undergone a local gene duplication, resulting in a gene pair adjacent to a HOX cluster, chromosome quadruplication of this pair took place in the two basal vertebrate tetraploidizations (2R). Subsequently one gene was lost from two of the four pairs, leading to six IGFBP genes in the fish-tetrapod ancestor. These six genes are presently found in placental mammals. In teleost fishes the situation is more complex: their third tetraploidization (3R) doubled the IGFBP repertoire from six to twelve members whereupon differential losses have occurred. The five sequenced teleost fish genomes retain 9-11 of IGFBP genes. This scenario is supported by the phylogenies of three adjacent gene families, namely the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and the Ikaros and distal-less (Dlx) transcription factors, in addition to the HOX clusters. The great ages for the IGFBP genes strongly suggest that they evolved distinct functions early in vertebrate evolution.

    Keywords
    IGFBP, IGF, growth regulation, genomics
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-129521 (URN)10.1210/en.2011-0047 (DOI)000290788500015 ()21505050 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2010-08-18 Created: 2010-08-18 Last updated: 2019-01-03Bibliographically approved
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Developmental Biology. Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA..
    Haitina, Tatjana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Developmental Biology.
    Reconstruction of the Carbohydrate 6-O Sulfotransferase Gene Family Evolution in Vertebrates Reveals Novel Member, CHST16, Lost in Amniotes2020In: Genome Biology and Evolution, ISSN 1759-6653, E-ISSN 1759-6653, Vol. 12, no 7, p. 993-1012Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Glycosaminoglycans are sulfated polysaccharide molecules, essential for many biological processes. The 6-O sulfation of glycosaminoglycans is carried out by carbohydrate 6-O sulfotransferases (C6OSTs), previously named Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc 6-O sulfotransferases. Here, for the first time, we present a detailed phylogenetic reconstruction, analysis of gene synteny conservation and propose an evolutionary scenario for the C6OST family in major vertebrate groups, including mammals, birds, nonavian reptiles, amphibians, lobe-finned fishes, ray-finned fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and jawless vertebrates. The C6OST gene expansion likely started early in the chordate lineage, giving rise to four ancestral genes after the divergence of tunicates and before the emergence of extant vertebrates. The two rounds of whole-genome duplication in early vertebrate evolution (1R/2R) only contributed two additional C6OST subtype genes, increasing the vertebrate repertoire from four genes to six, divided into two branches. The first branch includes CHST1 and CHST3 as well as a previously unrecognized subtype, CHST16 that was lost in amniotes. The second branch includes CHST2, CHST7, and CHST5. Subsequently, local duplications of CHST5 gave rise to CHST4 in the ancestor of tetrapods, and to CHST6 in the ancestor of primates. The teleost-specific gene duplicates were identified for CHST1, CHST2, and CHST3 and are result of whole-genome duplication (3R) in the teleost lineage. We could also detect multiple, more recent lineage-specific duplicates. Thus, the vertebrate repertoire of C6OST genes has been shaped by gene duplications and gene losses at several stages of vertebrate evolution, with implications for the evolution of skeleton, nervous system, and cell-cell interactions.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 9.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Evolution of the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL) familyManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Evolution of the growth hormone, prolactin, prolactin 2 and somatolactin family2018In: General and Comparative Endocrinology, ISSN 0016-6480, E-ISSN 1095-6840, Vol. 264, p. 94-112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), prolactin 2 (PRL2) and somatolactin (SL) belong to the same hormone family and have a wide repertoire of effects including development, osmoregulation, metabolism and stimulation of growth. Both the hormone and the receptor family have been proposed to have expanded by gene duplications in early vertebrate evolution. A key question is how hormone-receptor preferences have arisen among the duplicates. The first step to address this is to determine the time window for these duplications. Specifically, we aimed to see if duplications resulted from the two basal vertebrate tetraploidizations (1R and 2R). GH family genes from a broad range of vertebrate genomes were investigated using a combination of sequence-based phylogenetic analyses and comparisons of synteny. We conclude that the PRL and PRL2 genes arose from a common ancestor in 1R/2R, as shown by neighboring gene families. No other gene duplicates were preserved from these tetraploidization events. The ancestral genes that would give rise to GH and PRL/PRL2 arose from an earlier duplication; most likely a local gene duplication as they are syntenic in several species. Likewise, some evidence suggests that SL arose from a local duplication of an ancestral GH/SL gene in the same time window, explaining the lack of similarity in chromosomal neighbors to GH, PRL or PRL2. Thus, the basic triplet of ancestral GH, PRL/ PRL2 and SL genes appear to be unexpectedly ancient. Following 1R/2R, only SL was duplicated in the teleost-specific tetraploidization 3R, resulting in SLa and SLb. These time windows contrast with our recent report that the corresponding receptor genes GHR and PRLR arose through a local duplication in jawed vertebrates and that both receptor genes duplicated further in 3R, which reveals a surprising asynchrony in hormone and receptor gene duplications.

  • 11.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Evolution of the receptors for growth hormone, prolactin, erythropoietin and thrombopoietin in relation to the vertebrate tetraploidizations2018In: General and Comparative Endocrinology, ISSN 0016-6480, E-ISSN 1095-6840, Vol. 257, p. 143-160Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The receptors for the pituitary hormones growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL), and the hematopoietic hormones erythropoietin (EPO) and thrombopoietin (TPO), comprise a structurally related family in the superfamily of cytokine class-I receptors. GH, PRL and SL receptors have a wide variety of effects in development, osmoregulation, metabolism and stimulation of growth, while EPO and TPO receptors guide the production and differentiation of erythrocytes and thrombocytes, respectively. The evolution of the receptors for GH, PRL and SL has been partially investigated by previous reports suggesting different time points for the hormone and receptor gene duplications. This raises questions about how hormone-receptor partnerships have emerged and evolved. Therefore, we have investigated in detail the expansion of this receptor family, especially in relation to the basal vertebrate (1R, 2R) and teleost (3R) tetraploidizations. Receptor family genes were identified in a broad range of vertebrate genomes and investigated using a combination of sequence-based phylogenetic analyses and comparative genomic analyses of synteny. We found that 1R most likely generated EPOR/TPOR and GHR/PRLR ancestors; following this, 2R resulted in EPOR and TPOR genes. No GHR/PRLR duplicate seems to have survived after 2R. Instead the single GHR/PRLR underwent a local duplication sometime after 2R, generating separate syntenic genes for GHR and PRLR. Subsequently, 3R duplicated the gene pair in teleosts, resulting in two GHR and two PRLR genes, but no EPOR or TPOR duplicates. These analyses help illuminate the evolution of the regulatory mechanisms for somatic growth, metabolism, osmoregulation and hematopoiesis in vertebrates.

  • 12.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    The growth hormone receptor (GHR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene family expanded in the basal teleost tetraploidizationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lewicka, Michalina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    The oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family has at least five members in the gnathostome lineage, inclucing two distinct V2 subtypes2012In: General and Comparative Endocrinology, ISSN 0016-6480, E-ISSN 1095-6840, Vol. 175, no 1, p. 135-143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The vertebrate oxytocin and vasopressin receptors form a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate a large variety of functions, including social behavior and the regulation of blood pressure, water balance and reproduction. In mammals four family members have been identified, three of which respond to vasopressin (VP) named V1A, V1B and V2, and one of which is activated by oxytocin (OT), called the OT receptor. Four receptors have been identified in chicken as well, but these have received different names. Until recently only V1-type receptors have been described in several species of teleost fishes. We have identified family members in several gnathostome genomes and performed phylogenetic analyses to classify OT/VP-receptors across species and determine orthology relationships. Our phylogenetic tree identifies five distinct ancestral gnathostome receptor subtypes in the OT/VP receptor family: V1A, V1B, V2A, V2B and OT receptors. The existence of distinct V2A and V2B receptors has not been previously recognized. We have found these two subtypes in all examined teleost genomes as well as in available frog and lizard genomes and conclude that the V2A-type is orthologous to mammalian V2 receptors whereas the V2B-type is orthologous to avian V2 receptors. Some teleost fishes have acquired additional and more recent gene duplicates with up to eight receptor family members. Thus, this analysis reveals an unprecedented complexity in the gnathostome repertoire of OT/VP receptors, opening interesting research avenues regarding functions such as regulation of water balance, reproduction and behavior, particularly in reptiles, amphibians, teleost fishes and cartilaginous fishes.

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  • 14.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Sundström, Görel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Bergqvist, Christina A
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Duan, Cunming
    Dept of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Evolution of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family2011In: Endocrinology, ISSN 0013-7227, E-ISSN 1945-7170, Vol. 152, no 6, p. 2278-2289Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The evolution of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein  (IGFBP) gene family has been difficult to resolve. The early discovery of IGFBP gene synteny with the HOX (homeobox) gene clusters suggested that IGFBP was quadrupled along with HOX in the ancestral vertebrate chromosome duplications. However, some recent articles have favored independent serial duplications of the IGFBP genes. By combining sequence-based phylogenies and chromosome information from multiple vertebrate species, we conclude that chromosome duplications did indeed expand the IGFBP repertoire. After the ancestral chordate IGFBP gene had undergone a local gene duplication, resulting in a gene pair adjacent to a HOX cluster, chromosome quadruplication of this pair took place in the two basal vertebrate tetraploidizations (2R). Subsequently one gene was lost from two of the four pairs, leading to six IGFBP genes in the fish-tetrapod ancestor. These six genes are presently found in placental mammals. In teleost fishes the situation is more complex: their third tetraploidization (3R) doubled the IGFBP repertoire from six to twelve members whereupon differential losses have occurred. The five sequenced teleost fish genomes retain 9-11 of IGFBP genes. This scenario is supported by the phylogenies of three adjacent gene families, namely the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and the Ikaros and distal-less (Dlx) transcription factors, in addition to the HOX clusters. The great ages for the IGFBP genes strongly suggest that they evolved distinct functions early in vertebrate evolution.

  • 15.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Sundström, Görel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Bergqvist, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    The evolution of vertebrate somatostatin receptors and their gene regions involves extensive chromosomal rearrangements.2012In: BMC Evolutionary Biology, E-ISSN 1471-2148, Vol. 12, p. 231-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Somatostatin and its related neuroendocrine peptides have a wide varietyof physiological functions that are mediated by five somatostatin receptors with gene names SSTR1-5 in mammals. To resolve their evolution in vertebrates we have investigated the SSTR genes and a large number of adjacent gene families by phylogeny and conserved synteny analyses in a broad range of vertebrate species. Results: We find that the SSTRs form two families that belong to distinct paralogons. We observe not only chromosomal similarities reflecting the paralogy relationships between the SSTR-bearing chromosome regions, but also extensive rearrangements between these regions in teleost fish genomes, including fusions and translocations followed by reshuffling through intrachromosomalrearrangements. These events obscure the paralogy relationships but are still tractable thanks tothe many genomes now available. We have identified a previously unrecognized SSTR subtype, SSTR6, previously misidentified as either SSTR1 or SSTR4. Conclusions: Two ancestral SSTR-bearing chromosome regions were duplicated in the two basalvertebrate tetraploidizations (2R). One of these ancestral SSTR genes generated SSTR2, -3 and -5, the other gave rise to SSTR1, -4 and -6. Subsequently SSTR6 was lost in tetrapods and SSTR4 in teleosts. Our study shows that extensive chromosomal rearrangements have taken place between related chromosome regions in teleosts, but that these events can be resolved by investigating several distantly related species.

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  • 16.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Sundström, Görel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Larsson, Tomas A
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Evolution of the growth hormone-prolactin-somatolactin system in relation to vertebrate tetraploidizations2009In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, ISSN 0077-8923, E-ISSN 1749-6632, Vol. 1163, no 1, p. 491-493Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gene sequences from several species representing major vertebrate groups were used to create phylogenetic trees for the growth hormone family of peptide hormones as well as the growth hormone receptor family. These analyses show that both the peptide and receptor families were formed through local duplications in early vertebrate evolution and chromosome duplications.

  • 17.
    Phillips, Molly
    et al.
    Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Univ Calif Merced, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
    Tang, W. Joyce
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed & Sports Med, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
    Robinson, Matthew
    Univ Calif Merced, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolution and Developmental Biology. Univ Calif Merced, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
    Hassan, Khan
    Univ Calif Merced, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
    Leppert, Valerie
    Univ Calif Merced, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
    Hirst, Linda S.
    Univ Calif Merced, Dept Phys, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
    Amemiya, Chris T.
    Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Univ Calif Merced, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Merced, CA 95343 USA.
    Evidence of chitin in the ampullae of Lorenzini of chondrichthyan fishes2020In: Current Biology, ISSN 0960-9822, E-ISSN 1879-0445, Vol. 30, no 20, p. R1254-R1255Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Tostivint, Hervé
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Bergqvist, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Quan, F. B.
    Bougerol, M
    Lihrmann, Isabelle
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Molecular evolution of GPCRS:: somatostatin/urotensin II receptors2014In: Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, ISSN 0952-5041, E-ISSN 1479-6813, Vol. 52, p. T61-86Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Somatostatin (SS) and urotensin II (UII) are members of two families of structurally related neuropeptides present in all vertebrates. They exert a large array of biological activities that are mediated by two families of G-protein-coupled receptors called SSTR and UTS2R respectively. It is proposed that the two families of peptides as well as those of their receptors probably derive from a single ancestral ligand-receptor pair. This pair had already been duplicated before the emergence of vertebrates to generate one SS peptide with two receptors and one UII peptide with one receptor. Thereafter, each family expanded in the three whole-genome duplications (1R, 2R, and 3R) that occurred during the evolution of vertebrates, whereupon some local duplications and gene losses occurred. Following the 2R event, the vertebrate ancestor is deduced to have possessed three SS (SS1, SS2, and SS5) and six SSTR (SSTR1-6) genes, on the one hand, and four UII (UII, URP, URP1, and URP2) and five UTS2R (UTS2R1-5) genes, on the other hand. In the teleost lineage, all these have been preserved with the exception of SSTR4. Moreover, several additional genes have been gained through the 3R event, such as SS4 and a second copy of the UII, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 genes, and through local duplications, such as SS3. In mammals, all the genes of the SSTR family have been preserved, with the exception of SSTR6. In contrast, for the other families, extensive gene losses occurred, as only the SS1, SS2, UII, and URP genes and one UTS2R gene are still present.

  • 19.
    Widmark, Jenny
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Sundström, Görel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Ocampo Daza, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Larhammar, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Differential evolution of voltage-gated sodium channels in tetrapods and teleost fishes2011In: Molecular biology and evolution, ISSN 0737-4038, E-ISSN 1537-1719, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 859-871Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The voltage-gated sodium channel (SCN) alpha subunits are large proteins with central roles in the generation of action potentials. They consist of approximately 2,000 amino acids encoded by 24-27 exons. Previous evolutionary studies have been unable to reconcile the proposed gene duplication schemes with the species distribution and molecular phylogeny of the genes. We have carefully annotated the complete SCN gene sequences, correcting numerous database errors, for a broad range of vertebrate species and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships. We have also compared the chromosomal positions of the SCN genes relative to adjacent gene families. Our studies show that the ancestor of the vertebrates probably had a single sodium channel gene with two characteristic AT-AC introns, the second of which is unique to vertebrate SCN genes. This ancestral gene, located close to a HOX gene cluster, was quadrupled along with HOX in the two rounds of basal vertebrate tetraploidizations to generate the ancestors of the four channels SCN1A, SCN4A, SCN5A and SCN8A. The third tetraploidization in the teleost fish ancestor doubled this set of genes and all eight are still present in at least three of four investigated teleost fish genomes. In tetrapods the gene family expanded by local duplications before the radiation of amniotes, generating the cluster SCN5A, SCN10A and SCN11A on one chromosome and the cluster SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A and SCN9A on a different chromosome. In eutherian mammals a tenth gene, SCN7A, arose in a local duplication in the SCN1A gene cluster. The SCN7A gene has undergone rapid evolution and has lost the ability to cause action potentials - instead it functions as a sodium sensor. The three genes in the SCN5A cluster were translocated from the HOX-bearing chromosome in a mammalian ancestor along with several adjacent genes. This evolutionary scenario is supported by the adjacent TGF-beta receptor superfamily (comprised of five distinct families) and the CSRNP gene family as well as the HOX clusters. The independent expansions of the SCN repertoires in tetrapods and teleosts suggest that the functional diversification may differ in the two lineages.

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