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  • 1. Bark, Mats
    et al.
    Heide, Mats
    Langen, Maria
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Intranätboken: från elektronisk anslagstavla till dagligt arbetsverktyg2002Book (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Boken handlar inte om tekniken bakom intranät eller hur man implementerar ett intranät, utan fokuserar på "mjuka" saker som innehåll, kommunikation, organisation, kultur, lärande och gränssnitt. Den visar på de möjligheter och svårigheter det innebär att skapa system som stödjer individens och organisationens processer.

    Intranätboken kan läsas från pärm till pärm, men man kan också välja att läsa de kapitel man är mest intresserad av, eftersom de är fristående. Varje författare har skrivit om den del av intranät hon/han behärskar bäst. Boken rör sig från det övergripande och något mer teoretiska till en fallstudie av portalutvecklingen inom Telia, och avslutas med en mer handgriplig diskussion om vikten av att skapa användarvänliga webblösningar. Perspektivet är snarare utifrån en vidareutveckling av ett befintligt intranät än en start av ett nytt.

    Boken är främst avsedd för dem som arbetar med webbfrågor inom något större organisationer, men är även tänkt för högskole-/universitetskurser i medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, företagsekonomi och informatik.

  • 2.
    Gulliksen, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Johnson, Mats
    Lind, Mats
    Uppsala University.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University.
    The need for new application specific interface elements1993In: Proceedings of HCI international 93, 1993Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Gulliksen, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Johnsson, Mats
    Lind, Mats
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Nygren, Else
    Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Sandblad, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    The need for new application specific interface elements1993In: Advances in Human Factors/Ergonomics 19B, Human Computer Interaction: Software and Hardware Interfaces, 1993, p. 15-20Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The design of user interfaces for skilled workers in professional work settings should be based on style guides that certify efficiency. Most of today's style guides and design guidelines overemphasise general aspects or aspects relevant to novices. To increase efficiency both of the design process and of the resulting interface, more domain specific interface elements should be used. This paper explains the basic ideas of such domain specific style guides and gives some examples from the health care domain.

  • 4.
    Gulliksen, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Lif, Magnus
    Lind, Mats
    Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Nygren, Else
    Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Sandblad, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Analysis of information utilization (AIU)1997In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, ISSN 1044-7318, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 255-282Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Analysis of information utilisation (AIU) is a method for specifying how information entities encountered in information analysis are being physically manipulated in the work situation undergoing analysis. It focuses especially on factors affecting cognitive load. The method supports the human-computer interface designer with relevant and appropriate information structured specifically for a document oriented design methodology. It gives a suitable basis for user centred interface design, without the possible limitations that improper user participation could cause, and focuses on all aspects relevant for a ”good” work environment, such as competence, organisation, work activity and information technology development.

    Analysis of information utilisation is performed through ”observation-interviews” in which a human-computer expert interviews a typical user about his work situation in the domain of work and observes information handling routines that the user might not be aware of. A number of development projects have shown that this method can constitute an additional step in existing methodologies for capturing aspects of the work situation that can be directly design controlling. This paper describes the method of analysis of information utilisation, and what information that has to be documented while performing the method. It suggests how the method can be incorporated into existing in-house development methodologies, and gives an example of documented analysis results from a development project within the Swedish National Tax Board.

  • 5. Göransson, Bengt
    et al.
    Lind, Mats
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Sandblad, Bengt
    Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology.
    Schwalbe, Patrik
    The interface is often not the problem1987In: Human Factors in Computing Systems-IV and Graphics Interface, 1987Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 6. Göransson, Bengt
    et al.
    Lind, Mats
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Sandblad, Bengt
    Schwalbe, Patrik
    The Interface is Often Not the Problem1987In: Proceedings of Association of Computing Machinery. CHI+GI'87: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface, 1987, p. 133-136Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Computer systems in the form of tools for specific functions within a work environment are becoming increasingly common. because the users are not computer experts, and because the introduction of the new tools can dramatically change their tasks, problems arise. It is argued that even if the proper design of the MMI is very important, this will not solve all the problems. More basic problems concern what functions should be included in the system and how the users can understand what the system can do in different work situations and how the response would be evaluated in the context of the work situations. This is demonstrated by experiences from application projects. It is concluded that more research must be devoted to these problem areas. Another important result is the fact that the possibilities to develop more generally applicable computer based tools are limited. Adaptation to local circumstances and needs is usually a necessity.

  • 7. Haya, Glenn
    et al.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Metalib and Google Scholar from the students' perspective2007In: Nord I&D 2007 “The Human side of IT”: The 13th Nordic Conference on Information and Documentation Stockholm University, Aula Magna, 18-19 June 2007, 2007Conference paper (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 8. Haya, Glenn
    et al.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Widmark, Wilhelm
    Metalib and Google Scholar: A user study2007In: Online information review (Print), ISSN 1468-4527, E-ISSN 1468-4535, Vol. 31, no 3, p. 365-375Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - This paper aims to understand how students experience the search tools Google Scholar and Metalib and the role of prior instruction. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 32 undergraduate students searched academic articles for their thesis work. Searches were recorded using Morae software and were analysed along with the number of articles saved and responses to a questionnaire. All searched with both tools. Half of the students received training before searching. Findings - Google Scholar performed better in almost all measures. Training had a positive effect on the amount and quality of articles saved. Responses to Google Scholar were more positive than to Metalib. However, the students were not overwhelmingly enthusiastic about either of the tools. Research limitations/implications - Each Metalib implementation is to some extent unique, which limits the extent to which results can be generalised to other implementations. Practical implications - Training is valuable for both tools. The user interface to Metalib does not conform with students' expectations and needs further improvement. Both tools strive to be a first alternative search tool for academic literature but neither performed well enough in this study to recommend it to be used in that role in an academic library setting. Originality/value - These tools are important to academic libraries but few user studies have been published, particularly on Google Scholar. To one's knowledge no other user study on these tools has looked at the effects of instruction.

  • 9.
    Lind, Mats
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Nygren, Else
    Allard, Alexander
    Learning simple and complex patterns in a diagnostic task1995Report (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    In two experiments we have studied how users performing a diagnostic task learned to recognize figural patterns in the displayed information. The average decision time was significantly shorter if symptoms presented on the screen formed a figural pattern compared to a control condition where no pattern was formed. When learning simple patterns, performance levelled out after about 1000 trials. When learning difficult patterns, performance levelled out at after about 5 500 trials. The final values of the decision times were about the same for simple and complex patterns.

  • 10.
    Lind, Mats
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University.
    Sandblad, Bengt
    Uppsala University.
    Schneider, Werner
    Uppsala University.
    Computer based work stations in health care1988In: IMIA Working conference "Towards new hospital infomration systems": Nijmegen 14-18 May, 1988Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11. Lind, Mats
    et al.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Sandblad, Bengt
    Schneider, Werner
    Computer Based Workstations in Health Care1988In: Proceedings of IMIA Working Conference:: Towards New Hospital Information Systems. Nijmegen, 14-18 May, 1988, p. 26-32Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Computer based workstations are shown to be a prerequisite for the use of the rapidly increasing selection of improved commercially available input and output facilities. Two design strategies are discussed and it is shown that only one of them is suitable for designing the human computer interface in such a way that human work effectivity is preserved even in a computer assisted work environment.

  • 12. Lippincott, Joan K.
    et al.
    van Rossum, Joris
    Choudhury, Sayeed
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Usability: Perspectives from Research, Publishing, and Higher Education Institutions2007In: ETD, the 10th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations, in Uppsala, 13-16 June 2007, 2007Conference paper (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 13.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Användbarhetsutvärdering av kursplanesystemet SELMA2007Report (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 14.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Arg fruktsallad, fönstersjukan och andra fenomen1993Other (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Trots alla fördelar med de nya grafiska gränssnitten blir det inte automatiskt frid och fröjd för en frekvent användare. Det finns det en del problem som fanns med de gamla systemen och som de nya inte löser, dels finns det en del nya problem som kan bli följden av olämplig användning av grafiska gränssnitt. resultat från psykologisk forksning hjälper oss att förstå varför, och vad vi kan göra åt det.

  • 15.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Automatic Information Processing in Document Reading.: A Study of Information Handling in Two Intensive Care Units1989In: Proceedings of the first European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work: London 13-15 Sept, 1989., 1989Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A study was made of information handling in intensive care units in two hospitals. In one of the units the information about the patients was read from paper documents whereas in the other unit the same kind of information was read from computer screens. In both units co-operative work was being done with documents or forms containing data regarding seriously ill patients. The results show that in the paper based environment there is a reason to believe that a number of information activities can be automatized in human cognition sense. In the computerized environment however, these same activities seem to require conscious attention thus leading to high attentional demand.

  • 16.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Datorspelet, ett nytt syskon i mediefamiljen2006In: Psykisk hälsa: Temanummer: Barn, unga och datorspel, ISSN 0033-3212, no 4, p. 35-40Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Den datoriserade journalen måste bevara pappersjournalens effektiva söksätt1992In: Läkartidningen, p. sid 4413-4Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Disposition av intranätets förstasida. En undersökning av förändringen av 100 intranäts förstasidor under 1 år1999Report (Other scientific)
  • 19.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Disposition av intranätets förstasida.: En undersökning av förändringen av 100 intranäts förstasidor under 1 år.2000Report (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 20.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Effektiv presentation för intranät-tillämpningar: Projektredogörelse2000Report (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Projektet har inneburit en mängd studier av intranät. De intranät som studerats har varit från 400 användare till 40.000 användare. Studierna omfattar en tidsperiod om 3 år, från 1997 till 2000. De metoder som använts har varit flera: Läs-Experiment, Observationer, Intervjuer, Enkäter, Layout-analys av intranätsidor.

    Resultatet är kunskap om hur navigering och presentation ska utformas för att intranätet ska fungera som ett smidigt arbetsredskap. Dessa resultat har stor betydelse för arbetslivet eftersom trenden går mot att intranät-baserad information kommer att vara ett viktigt arbetsredskap för en allt större andel av de anställda, även sådana som tidigare inte använt sig av datorer i arbetet.

    Resultaten visar också att intranätet har en stor potential att effektivisera informationsflödet i en organisation. Det nya mer fria informationsflödet påverkar även maktstrukturerna i företagen vilket vore intressant att studera i fortsatt forskning.

  • 21.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Empirical Results relevant to User Interface Design: An overview of the literature1996Report (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    This overview will focus on results from controlled experimental studies that have shown effects that are of interest to user interface design. In an appendix are some pointers to the literature in the field of human-computer interaction.

    The overview will be limited to the most common type of human-computer interaction. That is: one human interacting with a computer by means of a keyboard, a mouse and a graphic display. Other types of interaction will not be considered here, for instance:

    * virtual reality

    * other output devices

    * other input devices

    * interaction by command languages

    * computer supported cooperative work (CSCW)

    * task analysis

    * the design process

    Furthermore the application area concerned will be administrative work in a broad sense. Application areas that will not be considered are, for instance: process control and aviation.

  • 22.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Estetik för dynamiska symboler: Användning av grafik, och symbolspråk för bildskärmsbaserad lägespresentation vid modernt ledningsarbete2004Report (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Hittills har det varit så att papperskartor med överlägg av genomskinliga så kallade ”oleat” har använts för att visa lägen och situationer i samband med ledningsarbete i staber och fält. Allt mer information har nu datoriserats och kan i och med detta visas på bildskärmar istället för, eller som ett komplement till papper och oleat.

    Man kan presentera information i flera lager. Man kan snabbt växla mellan presentationssätt. Man har tillgång till gråskalor, färgnyanser och dynamiska effekter av olika slag.

    Den nya tekniken innebär stora möjligheter att presentera information, men det krävs dock en del kunskap och tankearbete för att utnyttja dessa på ett för användarna smidigt och effektivt sätt.

    Försvarets har idag ett utvidgat uppgiftsfokus. Exempel på nya situationer är terrorist attacker, katastrofbränder och översvämningar.

    Det kommer troligen att bli mer samarbete mellan olika enheter. Förband kan sättas samman med kompetenser från olika organisatoriska enheter.

    Dessutom har Försvaret som mål att öka situationsmedvetenheten genom att minska tiden för loopen ”lägesinformation – beslut – åtgärd – ny lägesinformation”.

    De regler och konventioner som finns för grafiska symboler behöver därför ses över för att passa den nya tekniska och informationsergonomiska miljön. Inför en sådan genomgång är det lämpligt att inleda med en studie av vilka kunskaper som finns att hämta i litteraturen och forskningen.

    Övergången till ny presentationsteknik har genomförts inom exempelvis processindustri och civil flygledning, och det finns lärdomar att hämta. Även dataspelen kan bidra med såväl bra som dåliga exempel på utnyttjande av visuella effekter.

    Detta utredningsarbete har utförts som ett uppdrag inom projektet Dynamiska Verksamhetssymboler, som leds av Lotta Åberg, FMV. Arbetet syftar till att ge en checklista för vilka överväganden som tillkommer i den nya presentationsmiljön.

  • 23.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    From paper to computer screen: Human information processing and interfaces to patient data.1997In: IMIA WG6 Conference on Natural Language and Medical Concept Representation. January 19-22, 1997, Jacksonville, Florida, USA, 1997, p. 317-326Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The information tools in medicine have developed over a long time. There are certain reasons why they look the way they do. In a study of the use of the paper-based versions of these tools in daily practise, some interesting observations were made. Experienced physicians showed to have developed perceptual skills that enabled them to use pattern-recognition as a complement to normal reading. The physicians were unable to give verbal accounts of such skills, but nevertheless, the skills were clearly demonstrated in tests. There are reasons to believe that these skills were crucial to the very efficient information processing observed. The shift of media from paper to screen have some consequences that have to be considered. We need to understand these in order to avoid making things that were easy with the paper-tools more difficult in the computerized media, but also to be able to exploit the possibilities offered by the new media for enhancement of human cognitive skills, such as using dynamical pictorial representations, colours, symbols and other visual codes. Medical concept representation is not only a matter of words and terminology. There is also a need for development of representations (2-D, 3-D, virtual reality) that provide overviews in some specific frequently encountered decision-making situations. Such representations should be rich in information content, elaborated and optimized for fast information extraction. Graphical and visual conventions should be developed, that are standardized within a community of collaborators. The conventions should exploit the new medium and capitalize on the available knowledge on human information processing. This is clearly not made today. As an example, most intensive care systems on the market today, present patient data in a way opposed to known principles of human information processing.

  • 24.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    From Paper to Computer Screen. Interactive Multimedia in Higher Education2004In: Netlearning 2004 Ronneby 10-12 maj 2004: konferens om flexibel, nätbaserad högre utbildning, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With regard to learning material, netbased learning is mostly concerned with the distribution of various forms of texts. However, the computer provide much more interesting ways to support the individual student. Instead of struggling alone by reading a continuous text from the screen, we could use interactive quizzes, puzzles and various forms of simulations.

    The aim of this work is to understand how we can change a traditional learning material, to a form more suitable to the interactive situation.

    Method:

    We have studied the motivational principles used in video-games. From these observations, we could abstract a set of principles on how to activate the student and provide immediate feedback.

    Traditional text-based teaching material have been reworked accordingly. The resulting interactive material have been tested on a first group of students.

    Result:

    The result shows that the interactive learning material is more motivating than the traditional text presentation. The students learn faster, but the time required for preparation of the material increases.

    Conclusion:

    The interactive media is powerful and to exploit it fully we need to change our view of preparing a course material. Guidelines for reworking texts and images to interactive form is suggested.

  • 25.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Grafiska användargränssnitt, några tips1995Report (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    This report contains a checklist for finding good and bad points in a graphical user interface. The material is normally used in courses given at CMD to professional user interface developers. In group sessions, the participants practise judging the quality of an interface. Each group work with one aspect only, but judges about 5-6 different applications. The following aspects are treated:

    * Disposition of the screen area

    * Menues

    * Orientation and navigation

    * Input sequences

    * Layout

    * Colour coding etc

    * Feedback

    * Icons and buttons

    * Placement of interface elements

    For each aspect there is an explanatory overview text followed by lists of good and bad points.

    This report is in Swedish.

  • 26.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    I huvudet på Nintendo-generationen: - om datorspel, kunskap, inlärning och olika sätt att tänka2007In: Aktuella ungdomskulturer Community, psykonauter och fildelning: 26 - 27 april 2007 i Uppsala, 2007Conference paper (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 27.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Informationsergonomi i Telia Nära intranät: Arbetsinstruktioner. Hantering av Abusefall1997Report (Other scientific)
  • 28.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Informationsergonomi i Telia Nära intranät: Sammanfattning av inledande intervjuer.1997Report (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    One major criticism of paper medical records is the time and effort required to find data items or to gain an overview. Computerisation does not necessarily help. To help clinicians find data faster and with less effort, everyone designing and writing in

  • 29.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-dator interaktion.
    Informationsergonomi i Telia Nära intranät: Slutrapport1997Report (Other scientific)
  • 30.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteration.
    Interaktionsdesign kompendium2004Report (Other scientific)
  • 31.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    KEMAB Intranät: Utvärdering av prototyp 1 daterad 991002.1999Report (Other scientific)
  • 32.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    KEMAB Intranät.: Utvärdering av prototyp 2 daterad 9910102000Report (Other scientific)
  • 33.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Koncept och prototyper för ny presentation1999Report (Other scientific)
  • 34.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Metoder för utvärdering av informationsstruktur1998Report (Other scientific)
  • 35.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Micro tasks in reading: Automatically processed components of the task of reading frequently used documents. Implications for human computer interface design.1991Report (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    In addition to normal reading, knowledge can be gained from a paper document by pattern recognition and encoding of characteristics of the information media. There are reasons to believe that this can be done automatically with very little attentional demand. The knowledge gained is accessible to consciousness and can be used for task components like orientation, navigation, detection of changes and as a complement to normal reading. When information is computerized, and is read from a screen instead of from a paper, the conditions for automaticity are often radically changed. In most casesthe reader has to gain the corresponding knowledge by effortful cognitive processes. This means adding to the cognitive load leaving less attentional capacity for the main task at hand. This problem can be avoided by a careful analysis of a reading task into its automatic and non-automatic components, followed by a dedicated user interface design where information relevant for orientation, navigation etc is presented in a way that the reader can perceive rather than read.

  • 36.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics and Media, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Modeling the social dynamics of online discussion sites2010In: MSM '10: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Modeling Social Media, New York: ACM Press, 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes an investigation of the social dynamics in an online discussion group. In particular, the phenomenon of emerging status or social rank is considered. In this study, the concept of giving attention or "grooming" is used to identify social interactions. Furthermore the concept of the "groom balance" is introduced as a way to describe the relative degree of social grooming within the group. By constructing the groom balance graph, the social rank of the group members over time can be visualized. The analysis was performed for an online discussion group with 187 members and 1604 postings. A validation showed good correlation with status as judged by test persons who read printouts of the postings. A simulation model was developed that replicate the social structure found in the observed data. The model is probabilistic and programmed in Mathematica. The modeling shows that the emergent social structure can be explained by a few micro-level interactions: an individual who post but do not receive any attention is less likely to post again, an individual with a high current groom balance will be more likely to be groomed, and an individual that receive little attention from the group is more likely to leave the group.

  • 37.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Modelling and Analysis of Human Work Situations as a Basis for Design of Human-Computer Interfaces1993In: Proceedings of ACM INTERCHI'93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Adjunct Proceedings, 1993, p. 217-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Humans process information not only consciously, but also at a low cognitive level without any need for conscious attention. This has implications for task analysis and interface design. We have performed field-studies of reading behaviour in different work situations. A new method has been used which involves a kind of "field-experiment". The form of actual work documents have been manipulated in different ways, and the resulting impact on reading and interpretation have been studied. The results show that many reading tasks in typical work-situations can be described as composed of conscious reading and a number of small task components, called micro tasks, which are processed in parallel without any need for conscious attention. Since they are not processed consciously the reader is often not aware of them. When a work situation is computerized, the conditions for processing these micro-tasks may be radically changed. The processing may now need conscious capacity which is limited. This can explain and suggest solutions to e.g., orientation problems and problems of high cognitive overhead in human-computer interaction.

  • 38.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Modelling and analysis of human work situations as a basis for design of human-computer interfaces1992Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Many work situations in health care can be described as the control of dynamic processes. In order to design human-computer interfaces dedicated to a specific work situation there is a need to analyse not only the information contents but also the way the information is used. Reading from a screen instead of from a paper is different and in many ways more effortful. By incorporating theories of human cognition in the methods for analyses of work situations it is possible to understand what makes certain ways of reading from paper so extremely efficient. With this knowledge human-computer interfaces can be designed in a way which enables the user to benefit from the same effective ways of reading as when reading from papers. Paper 1 describes an analysis of the way physicians read a paper-based medical record. Paper 2 describes how a human-computer interface for reading the medical record is designed based on this analysis. Paper 3 describes a study of how doctors and nurses read documents in intensive care. It shows that pattern recognition and encoding of the characteristics of the information media is an effective way of gaining knowledge. Paper 4 describes the work in an intensive care unit seen as the control of a dynamic process where the documentation is an effective tool for among other things, coordination of actions and observations in time. Paper 5 gives a summary of the underlying ideas of the methods used.

  • 39.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Moderna Tider: Teknikutveckling inom medicinsk service, effekter på yrkesroll och kompetensutveckling för laboratorieassistenter och röntgensjuksköterskor1994Book (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Laboratorieassistenters och röntgensjuksköterskors kompetens utvecklas i takt med teknikutvecklingen inom medicinsk service – den avvecklas inte!

    Författaren har studerat vilken effekt automatisering ger på yrkesrollerna. Vad händer med dem vid datorisering? Studien är en av de första i sitt slag och därför intressant och generaliserbar även inom andra yrkesgrupper. Studien visar att automatisering och införande av ny teknik kommer att berika arbetet, inte utarma det, som många har befarat. Däremot kommer framtidens arbete att innebära en interaktion mellan människa-dator. Olämpligt utformad teknik kan ge upphov till stressreaktioner och ohälsa, som t ex när bildbearbetningssystem med mycket avancerade funktioner för bearbetning av digitala bilder inte är anpassade till röntgensjuksköterskans arbetssituation och begreppsvärld. Tekniken är ett hjälpmedel för yrkesutövaren. Människan ska inte anpassa sig till tekniken!

  • 40.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    platshållare2006Report (Other scientific)
  • 41.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Reading documents in intensive care I: Pattern recognition and encoding of characteristics of the information media1991Report (Other scientific)
  • 42.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Reading documents in intensive care II: Documents used as tools for the control of a dynamic process1991Report (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to understand the role of documentation in an intensive care unit (ICU), where the work was regarded as the control of a dynamic process. the purpose is to get implifications for design of the userinterface of a computerized inforation system. Interviews and observations were performed. Documents of different kinds were analyzed. The results show that documents are used as tools for coordination of values in time, for integration of observations and actions, for evaluation of process history, for controlling the structure of control, and to some extent, for coping with feedback delays. The doucmentation is on the other hand, of little help for surveillande in a minute to minute time scale or in coping with transient events.

  • 43.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Physics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Theoretical Physics. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Resonances in 2D CA of Class IV2006In: NKS2006 WolframScienceConference Washington June 15 - 18 2006, 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a famous paper of 1984, Packard and Wolfram describe the properties of two-dimensional cellular automata, 2D CA. The authors describe the behavior of some 2D CA of class IV. This class of CA shows interesting behavior with a mixture of chaotic, static, and periodic ingredients. One famous such rule is the Game of Life, which has been extensively described in the literature.

    I have investigated a family of 2D CAs that all exhibits the behavior of class IV. In particular I have investigated what happens when such a CA evolves from small seeds in restricted spaces. It was found that for most seeds a growing structure evolves, but as soon as this encounters the border of the CA universe, the symmetry is broken and the CA settles in a state consisting of distributed static or periodic small structures. However, there seems to exist a critical size where the growth will result in a dynamical resonance. Such a resonance consists of a single periodically changing structure often with a high degree of symmetry, with some static cells and others dynamically changing. We call this a resonance since it only appears in certain combinations of seed and universe size. We can assess a measure of the “energy” of such a resonance in terms of how many cells that change on average per CA time step. In the evolution of such a CA from the initial seed, several temporal but unstable resonances are formed. We can often see distinct phases of successive resonances of lower and lower energy. Each time a temporal resonance emits gliders (photons), its energy is reduced until it finally settles down into a resonance pattern of the lowest possible energy.

    There is a large number of possible initial seeds of size 2 x 2 cells. Many of these are redundant, and we can find that there is actually only a limited set of types of such seeds that gives characteristically different resonances. Type 1 shows a resonance that is symmetrical with respect to rotation as well as mirror reflection in the x- and y-planes. Type 2 is likewise symmetrical but has a hole in the middle. Type 3 is also symmetrical except for a small area around the center that is only diagonally symmetric. Type 4 is diagonally symmetrical but not rotationally or in terms of mirror reflection. It also has a center area that shows a different symmetry. Type 5 is interesting, it has the properties of type 2 but has a small particle in the center hole that is slowly rotating around the inside. You could say that this resonance possesses some kind of momentum. Type 6 shows symmetrical properties except for the center area where there is a periodic right to left oscillatory movement.

    The notion of having a confined space for the CA to evolve seems very constraining. There seems to be a need for some “resistance” in order to develop the resonance. What if instead of encountering a border the growing CA would encounter another growing CA? It turns out that this indeed works to produce resonances. Some CA seeds make up nice grids together in this way. Others interfere destructively with each other no matter the separation between the seeds. But with this notion of seeds making up constrained spaces for each other it is possible to build grids of a whole variety. Most specificially the kind of grids normally used in material sciences.

    Now, having the possibility to construct grids, we can study what happens when we emit “light” in the forms of rays of photons against such grids. We can see that depending on the phase relation between the photon and the resonances in the grid the photon is either absorbed, scattered with a change of wavelength or reflected back from the material surface.

    In summary, resonances in 2D CA of Class IV seem to exhibit many interesting “physics-like” behavior. We can see discrete energy states, excitation, emission of particles, reflection, asorbtion, and scattering phenomena. We can also see that a photon can be scattered by “virtual particles” interpreted as temporal resonances. We can also see some quantum-like phenomena as the particular outcome of an interaction that seems random as seen from a distance. The resonances also show an ability to self-synchronize. If they start out being out of phase, they spontaneously synchronize with each other, the result being a combined resonance completely phase-tuned.

  • 44.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Sammanfattning av slutsatser från den inledande fasen.1999Report (Other scientific)
  • 45.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics and Media.
    Simulation of user participation and interaction in online discussion groups2012In: Modeling and Mining Ubiquitous Social Media: International Workshops MSM 2011, Boston, MA, USA, October 9, 2011, and MUSE 2011, Athens, Greece, September 5, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, 2012, p. 138-157Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Online discussion groups (Internet forums) are difficult to analyze with normal social network analysis because there are no data that can be used to represent edges between nodes. In this study we use citations and mentions of names of other group members as a proxy for a directed social interaction between the nodes. We call these markers of social interactions grooms. This method: grooming analysis makes it possible to analyze and define a network based on the social interaction in the group. Our previous studies indicated that the tendency to make posts in the group was affected by how much grooming a group member had received from others. To test this assumption, we created various simulation models as thinking tools for understanding the mechanisms behind social structuring in discussion groups. Models were tested against observed data, with and without the concept of grooming. We found that the concept of grooming was useful to understand the mechanisms behind the activity in the group. The concept of social grooming - actions which invoke another participant's name, proved to be highly predictive of subsequent activity and interaction.

  • 46.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Telia Intranät : resultat av användartester.1998Report (Other scientific)
  • 47.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    Telia Intranät Analys av användartester: Form och navigation2000Report (Other scientific)
  • 48.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Telia Intranät: Djupintervjuer av 24 användare1999Report (Other scientific)
  • 49.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science.
    Telia intranät informationsergonomi1998Report (Other scientific)
  • 50.
    Nygren, Else
    Uppsala University, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Information Science. Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Human-Computer Interaction. Människa-datorinteraktion.
    The Evolution of Process Graphics.1999In: People in Control. An international conference on Human Interfaces in Control Rooms, Cockpits and Command Centres, 21-23 June 1999. University of Bath, UK., 1999Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Today, it is common that control room operators do a substantial part of the work of designing the process graphics displays that are used in the control rooms. In doing this they acquire a great deal of valuable experience. Unfortunately, this experience often stays within the group of people directly involved. Useful experience is not transferred to other industrial areas or to new generations of display designers.

    Redesign of the process graphics occur frequently. After using a graphic display for some time, the operators wish to change the design. If there are efficient routines for handling such demands, the displays are redesigned accordingly in an iterative process. After some years the displays may be significantly different from the initial designs, and as a consequence, a more efficient information tool for the operators.

    In this study I have addressed questions such as: how, and why, are the process graphics redesigned? Are there some common principles that apply to different industrial fields?

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