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  • 1.
    Andersson, P
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Sjöberg, R L
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Krysa, M
    Sidorowicz, W
    Öhrvik, J
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Leppert, J
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Lags in behavioural change: a population based comparison of cardiovascular risk behaviour in poland and sweden2006In: Central European Journal Public Health, Vol. 14, no 1, p. 83-86Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2. Andersson, Per
    et al.
    Sjöberg, Rickard L
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Öhrvik, John
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    The effects of family history and personal experiences of illness on the inclination to change health-related behaviour2009In: Central European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1210-7778, E-ISSN 1803-1048, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 3-7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to examine how a personal experience of illness and a family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), adjusted for sex, level of education and nationality, affect risk behaviour. Participants were 1,011 and 1,043, 50-year-old men and women from Sweden and Poland, respectively, who were recruited from a primary health care screening programme. Family history, personal experience of illness and risk behaviour (smoking and exercise habits, BMI level) were self-reported. The results showed that smoking behaviour was affected by a personal experience of illness but not by a family history of CVD. No effects of these variables were found on the remaining risk-related variables tested in this study. These results suggest that individuals with a personal experience of illness may be more inclined to change smoking behaviour than the average person. Smoking prevention strategies may therefore benefit from targeting this group in particular.

  • 3. Bosch, Jackie
    et al.
    Gerstein, Hertzel C
    Dagenais, Gilles R
    Díaz, Rafael
    Dyal, Leanne
    Jung, Hyejung
    Maggiono, Aldo P
    Probstfield, Jeffrey
    Ramachandran, Ambady
    Riddle, Matthew C
    Rydén, Lars E
    Yusuf, Salim
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Tenerz, Åke
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia.2012In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 367, no 4, p. 309-18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The use of n-3 fatty acids may prevent cardiovascular events in patients with recent myocardial infarction or heart failure. Their effects in patients with (or at risk for) type 2 diabetes mellitus are unknown.

    METHODS: In this double-blind study with a 2-by-2 factorial design, we randomly assigned 12,536 patients who were at high risk for cardiovascular events and had impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes to receive a 1-g capsule containing at least 900 mg (90% or more) of ethyl esters of n-3 fatty acids or placebo daily and to receive either insulin glargine or standard care. The primary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes. The results of the comparison between n-3 fatty acids and placebo are reported here.

    RESULTS: During a median follow up of 6.2 years, the incidence of the primary outcome was not significantly decreased among patients receiving n-3 fatty acids, as compared with those receiving placebo (574 patients [9.1%] vs. 581 patients [9.3%]; hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.10; P=0.72). The use of n-3 fatty acids also had no significant effect on the rates of major vascular events (1034 patients [16.5%] vs. 1017 patients [16.3%]; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.10; P=0.81), death from any cause (951 [15.1%] vs. 964 [15.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.07; P=0.63), or death from arrhythmia (288 [4.6%] vs. 259 [4.1%]; hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.30; P=0.26). Triglyceride levels were reduced by 14.5 mg per deciliter (0.16 mmol per liter) more among patients receiving n-3 fatty acids than among those receiving placebo (P<0.001), without a significant effect on other lipids. Adverse effects were similar in the two groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: Daily supplementation with 1 g of n-3 fatty acids did not reduce the rate of cardiovascular events in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. (Funded by Sanofi; ORIGIN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00069784.).

  • 4. Calais, Fredrik
    et al.
    Frobert, Ole
    Rosenblad, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hedberg, Pär O.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Wachtell, Kristian
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leisure-time Physical Inactivity and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and All-cause Mortality: a Case-control Study2013In: Circulation, ISSN 0009-7322, E-ISSN 1524-4539, Vol. 128, no 22Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 5. Calais, Fredrik
    et al.
    Frobert, Ole
    Rosenblad, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hedberg, Pär O.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Wachtell, Kristian
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leisure-time physical inactivity and risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality: A case-control study2014In: International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, E-ISSN 1874-1754, Vol. 177, no 2, p. 599-600Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 6. Calais, Fredrik
    et al.
    Lagerqvist, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    James, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Fröbert, Ole
    Proximal Coronary Artery Stenting: DES Versus BMS and LAD Versus the Rest2012In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ISSN 0735-1097, E-ISSN 1558-3597, Vol. 60, no 17, p. B174-B175Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 7. Calais, Fredrik
    et al.
    Lagerqvist, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    James, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Frobert, Ole
    Proximal coronary artery intervention: Stent thrombosis, restenosis and death2013In: International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, E-ISSN 1874-1754, Vol. 170, no 2, p. 227-232Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of lesions in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) may confer a worse prognosis compared with the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Methods: From May 2005, to May 2011 we identified all PCIs for proximal, one-vessel coronary artery disease in the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). We evaluated restenosis, stent thrombosis (ST) and mortality in the LAD as compared to the RCA and LCX according to stent type, bare metal (BMS) or drug-eluting stents (DES). Results: 7840 single vessel proximal PCI procedures were identified. Mean follow-up time was 792 days. No differences in restenosis or ST were seen between the LAD and the RCA. The frequency of restenosis and ST was higher in the proximal LAD compared to the proximal LCX (restenosis: hazard ratio (HR) 2.28, confidence interval (CI) 1.56-3.34 p < 0.001; ST: HR 2.32, CI 1.11-4.85 p = 0.024). We found no difference in mortality related to coronary artery. In the proximal LAD, DES implantation was associated with a lower restenosis rate (HR 0.39, CI 0.27-0.55 < 0.001) and mortality (HR 0.58, CI 0.41-0.82 p = 0.002) compared with BMS. In the proximal RCA and LCX, DES use was not associated with lower frequency of clinical restenosis or mortality. Conclusions: Following proximal coronary artery intervention restenosis was more frequent in the LAD than in the LCX. Solely in the proximal LAD we found DES use to be associated with a lower risk of restenosis and death weighted against BMS.

  • 8.
    Calais, Fredrik
    et al.
    Univ Orebro, Fac Hlth, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden..
    Lagerqvist, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    James, Stefan K.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Frobert, Ole
    Orebro Univ Hosp, Orebro, Sweden..
    Thrombus aspiration in patients with large anterior myocardial infarction: a TASTE trial substudy2015In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ISSN 0735-1097, E-ISSN 1558-3597, Vol. 66, no 15, p. B2-B2Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Calais, Fredrik
    et al.
    Univ Orebro, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, S-70362 Orebro, Sweden..
    Lagerqvist, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    James, Stefan K.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Frobert, Ole
    Univ Orebro, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, S-70362 Orebro, Sweden..
    Thrombus aspiration in patients with large anterior myocardial infarction: A Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in Scandinavia trial substudy2016In: American Heart Journal, ISSN 0002-8703, E-ISSN 1097-6744, Vol. 172, p. 129-134Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The TASTE trial did not demonstrate clinical benefit of thrombus aspiration (TA). High-risk patients might benefit from TA. Methods The TASTE trial was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial obtaining end points from national registries. Patients (n = 7,244) with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly assigned 1: 1 to TA and PCI or to PCI alone. We assessed the 1-year clinical effect of TA in a subgroup with potentially large anterior STEMI: mid or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery infarct lesion, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 0 to 2 flow, and symptom onset to PCI time = 5 hours. In this substudy, patient eligibility criteria corresponded to that of the INFUSE-AMI study. Results In total, 1,826 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. All-cause mortality at 1 year of patients randomized to TA did not differ from those randomized to PCI only (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% CI 0.74-1.49, P = .77). Rates of rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stent thrombosis did not differ between groups (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.51-1.46, P = .59; HR 1.10 95% CI 0.77-1.58, P = .58; and HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.30-1.86, P = .53, respectively). This was also the case for the combined end point of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stent thrombosis (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.79-1.26, P = .99). Conclusion In patients with STEMI and large area of myocardium at risk, TA did not affect outcome within 1 year.

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  • 10.
    Calais, Fredrik
    et al.
    Örebro Univ, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, Örebro, Sweden.
    Ostman, Maja Eriksson
    Örebro Univ, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hedberg, P
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Västmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, Västerås, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Fröbert, Ole
    Örebro Univ, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, Örebro, Sweden.
    Incremental prognostic value of coronary and systemic atherosclerosis after myocardial infarction2018In: International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, E-ISSN 1874-1754, Vol. 261, p. 6-11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The role of systemic atherosclerosis in myocardial infarction (MI) patients is not fully understood. We investigated the incremental prognostic value of coronary and systemic atherosclerosis after acute MI by estimating extra-cardiac artery disease (ECAD) and extent of coronary atherosclerosis.

    Methods and results: The study included 544 prospective MI patients undergoing coronary angiography. For all patients, the longitudinal coronary atherosclerotic extent, expressed as Sullivan extent score (SES) was calculated. In addition, the patients underwent non-invasive screening for ECAD in the carotid, aortic, renal and lower limb. SES was found to be associated with ECAD independent of baseline clinical parameters [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.04 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.06, P < 0.001]. Extensive systemic atherosclerosis, defined as the combination of extensive coronary disease (SES ≥ 17) and ECAD, was associated with higher risk for all-cause mortality compared to limited systemic atherosclerosis (SES < 17 and no ECAD) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9 95% CI 1.9–4.5, P < 0.001, adjusted for Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score parameters 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.0, P = 0.019). The risk for the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or hospitalization was significantly higher in patients with extensive systemic atherosclerosis compared to patients with limited systemic atherosclerosis (HR 3.1, 95% CI 2.1–4.7, P < 0.001, adjusted HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.1, P < 0.004).

    Conclusions: Visual estimation of the longitudinal coronary atherosclerotic extent at the time of MI predicts ECAD. Coexistence of extensive coronary disease and ECAD defines a group with particularly poor prognosis after MI.

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  • 11.
    Calais, Fredrik
    et al.
    Orebro Univ, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, S-70362 Orebro, Sweden.
    Ostman, Maja Eriksson
    Orebro Univ, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, S-70362 Orebro, Sweden.
    Hedberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Karlsson, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Fröbert, Ole
    Orebro Univ, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, S-70362 Orebro, Sweden.
    Reply to "Letter to editor, Assessing the effect of coronary and systemic atherosclerosis following myocardial infarction" by dr Su Yueqiu et al.2018In: International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, E-ISSN 1874-1754, Vol. 271, p. 29-29Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Comasco, Erika
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Nordquist, Niklas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Oreland, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Kronstrand, Robert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Alling, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Nilsson, Kent W.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Adolescent alcohol consumption: Biomarkers PEth and FAEE in relation to interview and questionnaire data2009In: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, ISSN 1937-1888, E-ISSN 1938-4114, Vol. 70, no 5, p. 797-804Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE

     The aim of this study was to investigate the congruence of biomarkers, questionnaires, and interviews as instruments to assess adolescent alcohol consumption.

    METHOD

     The methodology used was a cross-sectional study with a randomized sample. Four different methods were used to estimate high adolescent alcohol consumption. The concordance of the results was investigated. Surveys were performed, and biological specimens were collected at all schools in the county of Västmanland, Sweden, in 2001. Eighty-one boys and 119 girls from a population of 16- and 19-year-old adolescents were randomly selected from quartiles of volunteers representing various degrees of psychosocial risk behaviors. Using a questionnaire (for a 1-hour session) and in-depth interviews, subjects were assessed regarding their alcohol-use habits. Blood and hair samples were analyzed for phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), respectively.

    RESULTS

     High alcohol consumption was underreported in the questionnaire compared with the interviews. PEth and FAEE analyses weakly confirmed the self-reports, and the results of the two biochemical tests did not overlap. The PEth blood test was the most specific but the least sensitive, whereas the FAEE hair test revealed low specificity and an overrepresentation of positive results in girls.

    CONCLUSIONS

    The expected higher self-report of high alcohol consumption by interview rather than by questionnaire was confirmed partly because of the influence of a bogus pipeline procedure. The absence of overlap between PEth and FAEE results and their poor agreement with self-reports suggested that biomarkers are unsuitable as screening tools for alcohol consumption in adolescents.

  • 13.
    Conden, Emelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Åslund, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Type D personality is a risk factor for psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain among adolescents: a cross-sectional study of a large population-based cohort of Swedish adolescents2013In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, Vol. 13, p. 11-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Type D personality, or the "distressed personality", is a psychosocial factor associated with negative health outcomes, although its impact in younger populations is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Type D personality and the associations between Type D personality and psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain among adolescences. Methods: A population-based, self-reported cross-sectional study conducted in Vastmanland, Sweden with a cohort of 5012 students in the age between 15-18 years old. The participants completed the anonymous questionnaire Survey of Adolescent Life in Vastmanland 2008 during class hour. Psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain were measured through index measuring the presence of symptoms and how common they were. DS14 and its two component subscales of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) were measured as well. Results: There was a difference depending on sex, where 10.4% among boys and 14.6% among girls (p = < 0.001) were defined as Type D personality. Boys and girls with a Type D personality had an approximately 2-fold increased odds of musculoskeletal pain and a 5-fold increased odds of psychosomatic symptoms. The subscale NA explained most of the relationship between Type D personality and psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain. No interaction effect of NA and SI was found. Conclusions: There was a strong association between Type D personality and both psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain where adolescent with a type D personality reported more symptoms. The present study contributes to the mapping of the influence of Type D on psychosomatic symptoms and musculoskeletal pain among adolescents.

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  • 14.
    Condén, Emelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Philippe, Wagner
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Åslund, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Type D personality as an independent risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality in addition to theFramingham risk score: a prospective cohort-study2014In: International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, E-ISSN 1874-1754Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Condén, Emelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Malardalen Univ, Sch Hlth Care & Social Welf, Vasteras, Sweden..
    Rosenblad, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Wagner, Philippe
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Åslund, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Is type D personality an independent risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality in post-acute myocardial infarction patients?2017In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, ISSN 2047-4873, E-ISSN 2047-4881, Vol. 24, no 5, p. 522-533Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Type D personality refers to a combination of simultaneously high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition. The present study aimed to examine whether type D personality was independently associated with recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality in post-acute myocardial infarction patients, using any of the previously proposed methods for measuring type D personality. Design: This was a prospective cohort study. Methods: Utilising data from the Vastmanland Myocardial Infarction Study, 946 post-acute myocardial infarction patients having data on the DS14 instrument used to measure type D personality were followed-up for recurrent myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality until 9 December 2015. Data were analysed using Cox regression, adjusted for established risk factors. Results: In total, 133 (14.1%) patients suffered from type D personality. During a mean follow-up time for recurrent myocardial infarction of 5.7 (3.2) years, 166 (17.5%) patients were affected by recurrent myocardial infarction, of which 26 (15.7%) had type D personality, while during a mean follow-up time for all-cause mortality of 6.3 (2.9) years, 321 (33.9%) patients died, of which 42 (13.1%) had type D personality. After adjusting for established risk factors, type D personality was not significantly associated with recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality using any of the previously proposed methods for measuring type D personality. A weak association was found between the social inhibition part of type D personality and a decreased risk of all-cause mortality, but this association was not significant after taking missing data into account in a multiple imputation analysis. Conclusions: No support was found for type D personality being independently associated with recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause mortality in post-acute myocardial infarction patients, using any of the previously proposed methods for measuring type D personality.

  • 16.
    Dahle, Nina
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Ctr Clin Res Dalarna, Falun, Sweden.;Primary Hlth Care Ctr Britsarvet Grycksbo, Falun, Dalarna, Sweden.
    Arnlov, Johan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Div Family Med & Primary Care Care Sci & Soc, Huddinge, Sweden.;Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hedberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Nondipping blood pressure pattern predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease2023In: Vascular Medicine, ISSN 1358-863X, E-ISSN 1477-0377, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 274-281Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Nocturnal nondipping blood pressure (BP) pattern, as diagnosed by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but has not been studied in patients with PVD. We aimed to investigate if a nondipping BP pattern predicts cardiovascular events or all-cause death in outpatients with PVD.

    Methods: Consecutive outpatients with carotid or lower-extremity PVD were examined with 24-hour ABPM (n = 396). Nondipping was defined as a < 10% fall in systolic BP level during night-time. We used Cox regression models adjusting for potential confounders. We also evaluated the incremental prognostic value of dipping status in the COPART risk score. Our primary composite outcome was cardiovascular events or all-cause death.

    Results: In the cohort (mean age 70; 40% women), 137 events occurred during a 5.1-year median follow-up; incident rate of 7.35 events per 100 person-years. Nondipping was significantly associated with outcome (hazard ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.07-2.26, p = 0.021) in a fully adjusted model. When adding nondipping to the risk markers in the COPART risk score, the model fit significantly improved (chi(2) 7.91, p < 0.005) and the C-statistic increased from 0.65 to 0.67.

    Conclusion: In a cohort of outpatients with PVD, nondipping was an independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events or mortality and seemed to be a strong predictor in patients with carotid artery disease but not in lower-extremity PVD. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of ABPM for improved prevention in these high-risk patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01452165)

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  • 17.
    Dahle, Nina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Center for Clinical Research Dalarna. Primary Hlth Care Ctr Britsarvet Grycksbo, Falun, Sweden..
    Skau, Emma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Danderyd Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Huddinge, Sweden.;Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden..
    Hedberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, Västerås, Sweden..
    Poorly controlled ambulatory blood pressure in outpatients with peripheral arterial disease2021In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 126, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are generally less intensively managed than patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), despite that their risk of complications is believed to be equivalent. Identification of PAD patients at risk of poorly controlled blood pressure (BP) could lead to improved treatment, thus lowering the risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications. We aimed to describe the prevalence of poorly controlled cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, focusing on BP, in outpatients with PAD diagnosed in a vascular ultrasound laboratory.

    Methods: Consecutive outpatients with carotid and/or lower extremity PAD were included (n = 402) and examined with blood sampling, clinical BP, and 24-h ambulatory BP measurements. A poorly controlled clinical BP was defined as >= 140/90 mmHg, ambulatory BP >= 130/80 mmHg, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level >= 2.5 mmol/L, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level >53 mmol/mol in those with diabetes.

    Results: Most of the patients had poorly controlled clinical (76.6%) and ambulatory BP (51.7%) profiles. Antihypertensive medications were prescribed in 84% of the patients. However, >40% of them used only 0-1 medication, and <25% of them used three or more agents. Clinical BP, a low number of medications, body mass index, and the presence of diabetes independently predicted a poorly controlled ambulatory BP. Nearly one-third of the patients were smokers, and most of the cohort had an LDL-cholesterol level of >= 2.5 mmol/L. An HbA1c level of >53 mmol/mol was present in 55% of diabetic patients.

    Conclusion: Poorly controlled clinical and ambulatory systolic BP profiles were common. In addition, suboptimal control of other important CV risk factors was detected. The findings of this study highlight the need for better preventive efforts against CV risk factors in outpatients with PAD.

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  • 18.
    Doerstling, Steven
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hedberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Västmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, Västerås, Sweden.
    Öhrvik, John
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Henriksen, Egil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Västmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, Västerås, Sweden.
    Growth differentiation factor 15 in a community-based sample: age-dependent reference limits and prognostic impact2018In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 123, no 2, p. 86-93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Despite the growing body of evidence on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) reference values for patients with existing cardiovascular disease, limited investigation has been dedicated to characterizing the distribution and prognostic impact of GDF-15 in predominantly healthy populations. Furthermore, current cutoff values for GDF-15 fail to account for the well-documented age-dependence of circulating GDF-15. Methods: From 810 community-dwelling older adults, we selected a group of apparently healthy participants (n = 268). From this sample, circulating GDF-15 was modeled using the generalized additive models for location scale and shape (GAMLSS) to develop age-dependent centile values. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between the derived GDF-15 reference values (expressed as centiles) and all-cause mortality. Results: Smoothed centile curves showed increasing GDF-15 with age in the apparently healthy participants. An approximately three-fold difference was observed between the 95th and 5th GDF-15 centiles across ages. In a median 8.0 years of follow-up, 97 all-cause deaths were observed in 806 participants with eligible values. In unadjusted Cox regression analyses, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for all-cause mortality per 25-unit increase in GDF-15 centile was 1.80 (1.48-2.20) and dichotomized at the 95th centile, >= 95th versus <95th, was 3.04 (1.99-4.65). Age-dependent GDF-15 centiles remained a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in all subsequent adjusted models. Conclusions: Age-dependent GDF-15 centile values developed from a population of apparently healthy older adults are independently predictive of all-cause mortality. Therefore, GDF-15 reference values could be a useful tool for risk-stratification in a clinical setting.

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  • 19.
    Engström, Gabriella
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research. Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology.
    Henningsohn, Lars
    Steineck, Gunnar
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Self-assessed health, sadness and happiness in relation to the total burden of symptoms from the lower urinary tract.2005In: BJU Int, ISSN 1464-4096, Vol. 95, no 6, p. 810-5Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Engström, Gabriella
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Henningsohn, Lars
    Walker-Engström, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    The impact on quality of life of different symptoms from the lower urinary tract in men measured by the SF-36 questionnaire2006In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, ISSN 0036-5599, E-ISSN 1651-2065, Vol. 40, no 6, p. 485-494Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. To describe how different lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affect the quality of life (QOL) in men. Material and methods. The study included 1008 men aged 40-80 years living in the community of Surahammar, Sweden who had answered a questionnaire concerning stress incontinence, urgency and post-micturition dribbling 12 months earlier. The occurrence and severity/frequency of 12 specific LUTS were assessed using the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score questionnaire. QOL was evaluated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Results. Post-micturition dribbling was the most frequently reported symptom (71%) and stress incontinence the least common (11%). Men who experienced urge, stress or "other incontinence'' had lower mean scores for all of the eight dimensions measured by the SF-36 than men without such symptoms. Furthermore, men who experienced a moderate/severe degree of weak stream or nocturia reported a poorer QOL for all dimensions compared to men with a mild level of the same symptoms. QOL was found to decrease with increasing age. Men aged 66-80 years with "other incontinence'' reported lower mean SF-36 scores for physical functioning, role physical, role emotional, social functioning and body pain than 40-65-year-old men. Conclusions. LUTS in men affect QOL dimensions differently. Storage symptoms appear to reduce QOL more than voiding and post-micturition symptoms. Urinary incontinence affected all eight of the dimensions evaluated. Elderly men with LUTS reported a lower QOL than younger men.

  • 21.
    Engström, Gabriella
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research. Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology.
    Walker-Engström, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Henningsohn, Lars
    lööf, Lars
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Prevalence of distress and symptom severity from the lower urinary tract in men: a population-based study with the DAN-PSS questionnaire.2004In: Fam Pract, ISSN 0263-2136, Vol. 21, no 6, p. 617-22Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Engström, Gabriella
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Section.
    Walker-Engström, Marie-Louise
    Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Lööf, Lars
    Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Prevalence of three lower urinary tract symptoms in men-a population-based study.2003In: Fam Pract, ISSN 0263-2136, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 7-10Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Feldreich, Tobias
    et al.
    Dalarna Univ, Educ Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden..
    Nowak, Christoph
    Karolinska Inst, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc NVS, Alfred Nobels Alle 23, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden..
    Carlsson, Axel C.
    Karolinska Inst, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc NVS, Alfred Nobels Alle 23, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden..
    ostgren, Carl-Johan
    Linköping Univ, Dept Hlth Med & Caring Sci, Linköping, Sweden..
    Nystrom, Fredrik H.
    Linköping Univ, Dept Hlth Med & Caring Sci, Linköping, Sweden..
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Carrero-Roig, Juan-Jesus
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hedberg, P
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Giedraitis, Vilmantas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Cordeiro, Antonio
    Dante Pazzanese Inst Cardiol, Dept Hypertens & Nephrol, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    arnlov, Johan
    Dalarna Univ, Educ Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc NVS, Alfred Nobels Alle 23, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden..
    The association between plasma proteomics and incident cardiovascular disease identifies MMP-12 as a promising cardiovascular risk marker in patients with chronic kidney disease2020In: Atherosclerosis, ISSN 0021-9150, E-ISSN 1879-1484, Vol. 307, p. 11-15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aims: Previous proteomics efforts in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have predominantly evaluated urinary protein levels. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between plasma levels of 80 cardiovascular disease-related proteins and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with CKD. Methods: Individuals with CKD stages 3-5 (eGFR below 60 ml min-1 [1.73 m]-2) from three community-based cohorts (PIVUS, ULSAM, SAVA), one diabetes cohort (CARDIPP) and one cohort with peripheral artery disease patients (PADVA) with information on 80 plasma protein biomarkers, assessed with a proximity extension assay, and follow-up data on incident MACE, were used as discovery sample. To validate findings and to asses generalizability to patients with CKD in clinical practice, an outpatient CKD-cohort (Malnutrition, Inflammation and Vascular Calcification (MIVC)) was used as replication sample. Results: In the discovery sample (total n = 1316), 249 individuals experienced MACE during 7.0 +/- 2.9 years (range 0.005-12.9) of follow-up, and in the replication sample, 71 MACE events in 283 individuals over a mean +/- SD change of 2.9 +/- 1.2 years (range 0.1-4.0) were documented. Applying Bonferroni correction, 18 proteins were significantly associated with risk of MACE in the discovery cohort, adjusting for age and sex in order of significance, GDF-15, FGF-23, REN, FABP4, IL6, TNF-R1, AGRP, MMP-12, AM, KIM-1, TRAILR2, TNFR2, CTSL1, CSF1, PlGF, CA-125, CCL20 and PAR-1 (p < 0.000625 for all). Only matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE in the replication sample (hazard ratio (HR) per SD increase, 1.36, 95% CI (1.07-1.75), p = 0.013). Conclusions: Our proteomics analyses identified plasma MMP-12 as a promising cardiovascular risk marker in patients with CKD.

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  • 24. Gerstein, Hertzel C
    et al.
    Bosch, Jackie
    Dagenais, Gilles R
    Díaz, Rafael
    Jung, Hyejung
    Maggioni, Aldo P
    Pogue, Janice
    Probstfield, Jeffrey
    Ramachandran, Ambady
    Riddle, Matthew C
    Rydén, Lars E
    Yusuf, Salim
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Tenerz, Åke
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia.2012In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 367, no 4, p. 319-28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The provision of sufficient basal insulin to normalize fasting plasma glucose levels may reduce cardiovascular events, but such a possibility has not been formally tested.

    METHODS: We randomly assigned 12,537 people (mean age, 63.5 years) with cardiovascular risk factors plus impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes to receive insulin glargine (with a target fasting blood glucose level of ≤95 mg per deciliter [5.3 mmol per liter]) or standard care and to receive n-3 fatty acids or placebo with the use of a 2-by-2 factorial design. The results of the comparison between insulin glargine and standard care are reported here. The coprimary outcomes were nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes and these events plus revascularization or hospitalization for heart failure. Microvascular outcomes, incident diabetes, hypoglycemia, weight, and cancers were also compared between groups.

    RESULTS: The median follow-up was 6.2 years (interquartile range, 5.8 to 6.7). Rates of incident cardiovascular outcomes were similar in the insulin-glargine and standard-care groups: 2.94 and 2.85 per 100 person-years, respectively, for the first coprimary outcome (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.11; P=0.63) and 5.52 and 5.28 per 100 person-years, respectively, for the second coprimary outcome (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.11; P=0.27). New diabetes was diagnosed approximately 3 months after therapy was stopped among 30% versus 35% of 1456 participants without baseline diabetes (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.00; P=0.05). Rates of severe hypoglycemia were 1.00 versus 0.31 per 100 person-years. Median weight increased by 1.6 kg in the insulin-glargine group and fell by 0.5 kg in the standard-care group. There was no significant difference in cancers (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.13; P=0.97).

    CONCLUSIONS: When used to target normal fasting plasma glucose levels for more than 6 years, insulin glargine had a neutral effect on cardiovascular outcomes and cancers. Although it reduced new-onset diabetes, insulin glargine also increased hypoglycemia and modestly increased weight. (Funded by Sanofi; ORIGIN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00069784.).

  • 25.
    Hedberg, Par
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden..
    Selmeryd, Jonas
    Vastmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden..
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Henriksen, Egil
    Vastmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden..
    Left atrial minimum volume is more strongly associated with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide than the left atrial maximum volume in a community-based sample2016In: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, ISSN 1569-5794, E-ISSN 1875-8312, Vol. 32, no 3, p. 417-425Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous data have demonstrated that left atrial (LA) minimum volume indexed for body surface area (LAVImin) is more strongly associated with the Doppler echocardiographic E/e' ratio than LA maximum volume index (LAVImax). We sought to explore if LAVImin was more closely related to serum levels of NT-proBNP than LAVImax and E/e' in the community. A community-based sample of 730 subjects underwent echocardiographic examinations and NT-proBNP measurements. The mean age of the participants was 66.3 years (range 38-86) and 72 % were men. Age (Spearman correlation [rho] 0.533), LAVImin (rho 0.460), LAVImax (rho 0.360), estimated glomerular filtration rate (rho -0.349), and E/e' (rho 0.301; all P < 0.001) were strongly correlated with log-NT-proBNP. In a multiple linear regression model with log-NT-proBNP as dependent variable and LAVImin, LAVImax, E/e' ratio, and potential confounders as predictors, an adjusted R-2 of 44.9 % was obtained. When excluding either of LAVImin (R-2 42.6 %, P < 0.001) or E/e' (R-2 44.6 %, P = 0.019) the model fit was significantly reduced. In contrast, when LAVImax was excluded the model fit was preserved (R-2 45.0 %, P = 0.69). To detect an NT-proBNP level of > 125 ng/L, LAVImin yielded a significantly larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.749 than LAVImax (AUC 0.701; P < 0.001) and E/e' (AUC 0.661; P < 0.001). In our community-based sample, LAVImin was more strongly associated with NT-proBNP than LAVImax. Moreover, the discriminatory power to detect an elevated NT-proBNP level was stronger in LAVImin than in LAVImax and E/e'. Our findings support previous data that LAVImin may be more closely related to LV filling function than LAVImax.

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  • 26.
    Hedberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hammar, Charlotta
    Selmeryd, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Viklund, Josefin
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hellberg, Anders
    Henriksen, Egil
    Left ventricular systolic dysfunction in outpatients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease: prevalence and association with location of arterial disease2014In: European Journal of Heart Failure, ISSN 1388-9842, E-ISSN 1879-0844, Vol. 16, no 6, p. 625-632Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: We aimed to determine the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in outpatients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease (PAVD). Further, the associations of stenotic internal carotid artery disease (SICAD) and lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) with LVSD were evaluated.

    Methods and results: In the Peripheral Artery Disease in Vastmanland study, consecutive outpatients with ultrasonographically identified mild to severe stenosis in the internal carotid artery or symptoms of claudication combined with either ankle brachial index of 0.90 or ultrasonographic occlusive findings were included (n=437). Population-based control subjects were matched to the patients (n=395). LVSD was defined as echocardiographically determined left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <55%, and moderate or greater LVSD was defined as LVEF <45%. The prevalence of LVSD was significantly greater in patients than in controls (13.7% vs. 6.1%, P<0.001). The prevalence of moderate or greater LVSD in participants not on treatment with a combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and beta-blocker was 2.3% in patients and 1.3% in controls (P=0.31). When LEAD and SICAD were analysed together, adjusted for potential confounders, SICAD [odds ratio (OR) 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-6.32], but not LEAD (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.80-3.18), was independently associated with LVSD.

    Conclusions: In outpatients with PAVD, we found a 13.7% prevalence of LVSD. However, the prevalence of at least moderate LVSD in patients not on treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a beta-blocker was only 2.3% and not significantly different from controls. Stenotic artery disease in the internal carotid artery, but not in the lower extremities, was independently associated with LVSD.

  • 27.
    Hedberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, SE-72189 Vasteras, Sweden..
    Selmeryd, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, SE-72189 Vasteras, Sweden..
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Henriksen, Egil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, SE-72189 Vasteras, Sweden..
    Long-term prognostic impact of left atrial volumes and emptying fraction in a community-based cohort2017In: Heart, ISSN 1355-6037, E-ISSN 1468-201X, Vol. 103, no 9, p. 687-693Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: We hypothesised that left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF) would predict long-term cardiovascular outcome in the general population and better so than left atrial (LA) volumes.

    Methods: A community-based sample (n=740) in sinus rhythm prospectively underwent clinical evaluation, echocardiography and blood analyses including N terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP). The LA maximum (LAVmax) and minimum volumes (LAVmin) were indexed to body surface area (LAVImax and LAVImin, respectively). LAEF was calculated as LAVmaxLAVmin divided by LAVmax. The participants were followed for a median of 4.9 years regarding incident cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death or hospitalisation because of myocardial infarction, heart failure or stroke). Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations of LA volumes and LAEF with the outcome.

    Results: In a multivariable beta regression model, including clinical and echocardiographic baseline characteristics, higher plasma levels of NTproBNP, higher E/e' and left ventricular systolic dysfunction remained as independent determinants of a lower LAEF. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, including NTproBNP levels, LAEF (HR for 1 SD decrease 1.33, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.70, p=0.022), but not LAVImax (HR for 1 SD increase 0.88, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.10, p=0.25) or LAVImin (HR for 1 SD increase 1.02, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.27, p=0.83) remained independently associated with outcome.

    Conclusions: In this community-based cohort, LAEF was a powerful predictor of incident cardiovascular events and its predictive ability was stronger than for LA volumes. Our findings suggest that LA dysfunction may represent a more advanced state of LA remodelling than LA enlargement.

  • 28.
    Hellström, Charlotta
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Nilsson, Kent
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Åslund, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Effects of adolescent online gaming time and motives on depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms2015In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 120, no 4, p. 263-275Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim. To investigate whether adolescent online gaming time and the additive effect of gaming motives were associated with depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. The hypothesis was that adolescents who engage in online gaming with escape motives and increased online gaming time have higher probability for depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms compared to adolescents with other online gaming motives and/or less online gaming time.

    Method. An anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was completed during class hours by 7,757 Swedish adolescents aged 13-18 years. The questionnaire included demographic background, gaming habits, and depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms.Results. It was found that increased online gaming time during weekdays increased the probability of having depressive, musculoskeletal, and psychosomatic symptoms. However, these relations with time spent gaming were further explained by online gaming motives. Weekday online gaming for more than five hours a day, in combination with escape motives, was associated with an increased probability of depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 4.614, 95% CI 3.230-6.590), musculoskeletal symptoms (OR 2.494, 95% CI 1.598-3.892), and psychosomatic symptoms (OR 4.437, 95% CI 2.966-6.637). The probability of ill health decreased when gaming was for fun or had social motives.

    Conclusion. Excessive gaming time and escape motives were found to be associated with increased probability of ill health among adolescents. Gaming motives may identify gamers in need of support to reduce unhealthy gaming behaviour as well as identify individuals at risk for ill health.

  • 29.
    Hellström, Charlotta
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Nilsson, Kent W.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Aslund, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Influences of motives to play and time spent gaming on the negative consequences of adolescent online computer gaming2012In: Computers in human behavior, ISSN 0747-5632, E-ISSN 1873-7692, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 1379-1387Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study we examined the relation between gaming-time, motives to play, and negative consequences due to playing MMORPGs. A total of 7757 Swedish adolescents (3872 boys and 3885 girls) between 13 and 18 years of age completed a questionnaire during class hours. Results indicated that time spent on gaming was associated with negative consequences. This relation was further explained by motives to play. Gaming for fun and social motives were associated with a reduced risk whereas gaming to escape, to gain status, or due to demands from others were associated with an increased risk of negative consequences. Motives to play should be considered as a prime indicator for negative consequences, even more than time spent gaming. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

  • 30.
    Hellström, Charlotta
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University.
    Wagner, Philippe
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Nillson, Kent W.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Aslund, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Gambling frequency and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in relation to problem gambling among Swedish adolescents: A population-based study2017In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 119-126Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To investigate the associations between gambling frequency, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and problem gambling among adolescent boys and girls. One hypothesis was that adolescents with increased ADHD symptoms have a higher frequency of gambling compared to adolescents with fewer ADHD symptoms.

    Method: A population-based sample of adolescents (aged 15–18 years) completed a questionnaire on demographics, gambling habits, ADHD symptoms, and problematic gambling; 1412 adolescents (from 4440 sampled) with gambling experience were included in the final sample.

    Results: A zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis revealed that increased ADHD symptoms, higher gambling frequency, and higher age were associated with lower odds for being non-susceptible to gambling problems. Moreover, gambling frequency interacted with ADHD symptoms in predicting probability of being non-susceptible to gambling problems. However, when analysing those already susceptible to problem gambling, ADHD symptoms did not modify the effect of gambling frequency on the expected magnitude of gambling problems. In susceptible individuals, problem gambling increased with both increased ADHD symptoms and increased gambling frequency, but the level of problems due to gambling frequency did not change depending on the ADHD symptom level. There was an interaction effect between sex and gambling frequency in relation to gambling problems.

    Conclusions: Adolescents with ADHD symptoms seem to be more sensitive to gambling, in terms of being susceptible to developing gambling problems. However, once susceptible, adolescents with ADHD symptoms are affected by gambling frequency similarly to other susceptible participants.

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  • 31. Henriksen, Egil
    et al.
    Selmeryd, Jonas
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hedberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Echocardiographic assessment of maximum and minimum left atrial volumes: a population-based study of middle-aged and older subjects without apparent cardiovascular disease2015In: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, ISSN 1569-5794, E-ISSN 1875-8312, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 57-64Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to obtain reference values of maximum and minimum left atrial volumes (maxLAV and minLAV, respectively) in a population-based subset without apparent cardiovascular disease or other factors potentially associated with left atrial enlargement. Because left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is commonly found in elderly subjects, we also tried to identify the presence of possible preclinical diastolic dysfunction in the study population. A population-based sample of 168 subjects (127 men and 41 women) underwent two-dimensional echocardiography using the single-plane disc method to determine maxLAV and minLAV. maxLAV and minLAV were indexed to body surface area (maxLAVi and minLAVi, respectively). maxLAVi was independent of age and sex, and produced reference limits (mean +/- A 1.96 SD) of 15-37 mL/m(2). minLAVi was correlated with age, and produced estimated reference limits of 3-15 and 7-23 mL/m(2) in 40- and 80-year-old subjects, respectively. Based on the age-dependent reference values from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, < 5 % of the study population had possible preclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The present study established normal ranges for maxLAVi and minLAVi in a well-characterized population-based subset without apparent cardiovascular disease or other factors potentially associated with left atrial volume enlargement.

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  • 32. Heyman, J
    et al.
    Ohrvik, John
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Distension of painful structures in the treatment for chronic pelvic pain in Women: Results from a pilot study2006In: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, ISSN 0001-6349, Vol. 85, no 5, p. 599-603Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Hosseinali Khani, Maziar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanlands Hosp Vasteras, Dept Surg, SE-72189 Vasteras, Swedeno.
    Ji, Jianguang
    Lund Univ, Ctr Primary Hlth Care Res, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden..
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanlands Hosp Vasteras, Dept Med, SE-72189 Vasteras, Sweden..
    Sundquist, Kristina
    Lund Univ, Ctr Primary Hlth Care Res, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden..
    Chabok, Abbas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanlands Hosp Vasteras, Dept Surg, SE-72189 Vasteras, Sweden.
    Socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities of diverticular disease in Sweden 1997-20122017In: International Journal of Colorectal Disease, ISSN 0179-1958, E-ISSN 1432-1262, Vol. 32, no 11, p. 1591-1596Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association of socioeconomic status and comorbidities with uncomplicated and complicated diverticular disease (DD) in Sweden.

    Methods: We identified all individuals aged >= 30 years in Sweden diagnosed with DD between 1997 and 2012 using the Swedish National Population and Housing Census and the Hospital Discharge Register. Data were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression, with individual-level characteristics as covariates.

    Results: A total of 79,481 patients (median age 66 [range 3086] years) were hospitalized for DD, 15,878 (20%) of whom for complicated DD. Admissions for both uncomplicated and complicated DD were more common in women (p < 0.001). A low education level was identified as a risk factor for uncomplicated (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75-1.82; adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.19-1.24) and complicated DD(unadjusted HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.77-1.92; adjusted HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.21-1.32). Patients with the lowest income had a lower risk of hospitalization for uncomplicated (adjusted HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.96) and complicated DD (adjusted HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.92) than those with the highest income. The correlation coefficient between income and education was 0.25. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease were identified as protective factors against uncomplicated DD (adjusted HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.66-0.69 and HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.74-0.84, respectively).

    Conclusions: Patients with the lowest education level had an increased risk of hospitalization for DD. Further studies are needed to explore the association of diabetes and cardiovascular disease with uncomplicated DD.

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  • 34. Hysing, Per
    et al.
    Jonason, Tommy
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hedberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Prevalence and prognostic impact of electrocardiographic abnormalities in outpatients with extracardiac artery disease2018In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, ISSN 1475-0961, E-ISSN 1475-097X, Vol. 38, no 5, p. 823-829Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Identifying cardiac disease in patients with extracardiac artery disease (ECAD) is essential for clinical decision-making. Electrocardiography (ECG) is an easily accessible tool to unmask subclinical cardiac disease and to risk stratify patient with or without manifest cardiovascular disease (CV). We aimed to examine the prevalence and prognostic impact of ECG changes in outpatients with ECAD. Outpatients with carotid or lower extremity artery disease (n = 435) and community-based controls (n = 397) underwent resting ECG. The patients were followed during a median of 4.8 years for CV events (hospitalization or death caused by ischaemic heart disease, cardiac arrest, heart failure, or stroke). ECG abnormalities were classified according to the Minnesota Code. Major (33% versus 15%, P<0.001) but not minor ECG abnormalities (23% versus 26%, P = 0.42) were significantly more common in patients versus controls. During the follow-up, 141 patients experienced CV events. Both major ECG abnormalities [hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.25, P = 0.012] and any ECG abnormalities (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.06-2.33, P = 0.024) were significantly associated with CV events after adjustment for potential risk factors. In conclusion, ECG abnormalities were common in these outpatients with ECAD. Major and any ECG abnormalities were independent predictors of CV events. Addition of easily accessible ECG information might be useful in risk stratification for such patients.

  • 35.
    Hägglund, Doris
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology.
    Olsson, Henny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology.
    Urinary incontinence: an unexpected large problem among young females. Results from a population-based study1999In: Family Practice, ISSN 0263-2136, E-ISSN 1460-2229, Vol. 16, no 5, p. 506-509Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    The International Continence Society has defined urinary incontinence as a condition in which involuntary loss of urine is objectively demonstrable and is a social or hygiene problem. Urinary incontinence is presumably a common health problem among women even in younger ages.

    OBJECTIVES:

    The primary aim was to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in a female population with a special focus on younger women (18-30 years old). The secondary aim was to investigate the association between UI and number of deliveries, use of contraceptives or oestrogen substitutions, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).

    METHODS:

    A population-based study with a self-administered questionnaire was set in the community of Surahammar, Sweden. Subjects were all women (3493) aged 18-70 years living in Surahammar during 1995. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of UI and variables such as number of deliveries, use of contraceptives or oestrogen substitutions, and UTIs.

    RESULTS:

    Twenty-six per cent of the women reported problems of UI. The prevalence of UI in younger women was 12%. The number of reported complaints of UTIs was significantly higher in the women with UI compared with women without urinary incontinence (wUI). In the younger women UTI, nulliparous or having given birth to one or two children were most frequent in those with UI. The use of contraceptives was more common in younger women without UI (P < 0.05). However, the use of oestrogen was more common in older women in the age group 51-70 years with UI (P < 0.01).

    CONCLUSION:

    Our findings have shown that 26% of the women who took part in the survey reported problems of UI. Among women below 30 years of age, 12% reported complaints of UI. We found a high prevalence of UI in younger women with a UTI, not taking oestrogen, nulliparous or having given birth to one or two children. There are needs for further investigations with a special focus on younger women.

  • 36.
    Hägglund, Doris
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences.
    Walker-Engström, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Larsson, Gregor
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Quality of life and seeking help in women with urinary incontinence: A population-based study2001In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 80, no 11, p. 1051-1055Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    The aims of this population-based study were to compare the quality of life (QoL) in; (a) women with urinary incontinence (UI) and women without urinary incontinence (wUI) in relation to age, (b) women with stress incontinence and women with urge incontinence, and (c) women who had, vs. women who had not, consulted a health care service because of UI.

    METHODS:

    Totally, 787 women who reported symptoms of UI and 787 women who did not report symptoms of UI, aged 18-72 years, were mailed the Short Form-36 QoL questionnaire (SF-36) and a question concerning professional consultation. They were also mailed the Detrusor Instability Score questionnaire, which was used to clarify the women as being stress vs. urge incontinent.

    RESULTS:

    Women with UI had significantly lower scores on all eight dimensions of the SF-36. There were low correlations between age and the QoL scores in women with or without UI. Both women with stress incontinence and women with urge incontinence had significantly lower scores on all eight QoL dimensions compared with the women without UI. However, the absolute difference was smaller for women with stress incontinence. Women with urge incontinence consult health care service more often than women with stress incontinence. Women with UI who had consulted health care had significantly lower QoL scores than women with UI who had not consulted health care in seven out of eight dimensions.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    The QoL, in this female general population, is more affected by women with urge incontinence than women with stress incontinence. Help seeking is associated with substantially lower QoL scores and with urge incontinence.

  • 37.
    Hägglund, Doris
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Walker-Engström, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Larsson, Gregor
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Reasons why women with long-term urinary incontinence do not seek professional help: a cross-sectional population-based cohort study.2003In: Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct, ISSN 0937-3462, Vol. 14, no 5, p. 296-304; discussion 304Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Hägglund, Doris
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Walker-Engstöm, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Larsson, Gregor
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Changes in urinary incontinence and quality of life after four years. A population-based study of women aged 22-50 years.2004In: Scand J Prim Health Care, ISSN 0281-3432, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 112-7Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Jönelid, Birgitta
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Christersson, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Coagulation and inflammation science.
    Hedberg, P
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Lindahl, Bertil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Lindhagen, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Oldgren, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Siegbahn, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Coagulation and inflammation science. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular epidemiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Biomarkers in addition to clinical characteristics for prediction of peripheral artery disease in patients with recent myocardial infarctionIn: Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Background Few studies have examined biomarkers in CAD and peripheral artery disease (PAD), their association and the ability to predict PAD.

    Methods: Two prospectively observational studies including unselected patients with recent myocardial infarction were used for the analyses. PAD was defined as an abnormal ankle brachial index (ABI) score (<0.9 or > 1.4) on at least one side. The proximity extension assay (PEA) technique was used to simultaneously analyze 92 biomarkers with association to cardiovascular disease in samples early after an acute MI. Random forest was used to identify the biomarkers with a higher association to PAD. The additional discriminatory accuracy of adding biomarkers to clinical characteristics were analyzed by the c-statistics.

    Results:  Six biomarkers were identified associated with prediction of PAD in the REBUS cohort. Three of these could be validated in the VaMIS cohort; Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR-1),  Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR-2) and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) with an increase in c-statistics; Tnfr1:0.709 (95% CI 0.640, 0.779) and 0.746 (95% CI 0.706,0.787), Tnfr2: 0.703 (95% CI 0.633, 0.773) and 0.745 (95% CI 0.704, 0.785), GDF-15: 0.710 (95% CI 0.640, 0.781) and 0.752 (95% CI 0.711, 0.792) in the REBUS and VaMIS cohort respectively. Adding a group of biomarkers to clinical characteristics further increased the c-statistics compared to a single biomarker.

    Conclusions: Three biomarkers out of a panel of 92; TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and GDF-15 were identified associated with PAD in MI patients and could improve prediction of PAD in addition to clinical characteristics.

     

     

  • 40.
    Jönelid, Birgitta
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Christersson, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Hedberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Lindahl, Bertil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Lindhagen, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Oldgren, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Siegbahn, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Screening of biomarkers for prediction of multisite artery disease in patients with recent myocardial infarction2021In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, ISSN 0036-5513, E-ISSN 1502-7686, Vol. 81, no 5, p. 353-360Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A few studies have examined biomarkers in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), i.e. multisite artery disease (MSAD). The aim of the study was firstly, to associate biomarkers with the occurrence of PAD/MSAD and secondly, if those can, in addition to clinical characteristics, identify MI patients with MSAD.In two prospectively observational studies including unselected patients with recent MI, PAD was defined as an abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) score (1.4). The proximity extension assay (PEA) technique was used, simultaneously analyzing 92 biomarkers with association to cardiovascular disease. Biomarkers were tested for univariate associations with PAD. Random forest was used to identify biomarkers with a higher association to PAD. The additional discriminatory accuracy of adding biomarkers to clinical characteristics was analyzed by the c-statistics. Nine biomarkers were identified as significantly associated with MSAD/PAD in the primary patient cohort, analyzed early after the MI. In the prediction analysis, six biomarkers were identified associated with PAD. Three of these; Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR-1), Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR-2) and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) improved c-statistics when added to clinical characteristics from 0.683 (95% CI 0.610-0.756) to 0.715 (95% CI 0.645-0.784) in the primary patient cohort with a similar result, 0.729 (95% CI 0.687-0.770) to 0.752 (95% CI 0.771-0.792) in the secondary patient cohort. Biomarkers associated with inflammatory pathways are associated with MSAD in MI patients. Three biomarkers of 92; TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and GDF-15, in this exploratory added information in the prediction of MSAD and emphasis the importance of further studies.

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  • 41.
    Källestedt, Marie-Louise S
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Berglund, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery.
    Herlitz, Johan
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Enlund, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    The impact of CPR and AED training on healthcare professionals' self-perceived attitudes to performing resuscitation2012In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, E-ISSN 1757-7241, Vol. 20, p. 26-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Healthcare professionals have shown concern about performing mouth-to-mouth ventilation due to the risks to themselves with the procedure. However, little is known about healthcare professionals' fears and attitudes to start CPR and the impact of training. Objective: To examine whether there were any changes in the attitudes among healthcare professionals to performing CPR from before to after training. Methods: Healthcare professionals from two Swedish hospitals were asked to answer a questionnaire before and after training. The questions were relating to physical and mental discomfort and attitudes to CPR. Statistical analysis used was generalized McNemar's test. Results: Overall, there was significant improvement in 10 of 11 items, reflecting various aspects of attitudes to CPR. All groups of health care professionals (physicians, nurses, assistant nurses, and "others" = physiotherapists, occupational therapists, social welfare officers, psychologists, biomedical analysts) felt more secure in CPR knowledge after education. In other aspects, such as anxiety prior to a possible cardiac arrest, only nurses and assistant nurses improved. The concern about being infected, when performing mouth to mouth ventilation, was reduced with the most marked reduction in physicians (75%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this hospital-based setting, we found a positive outcome of education and training in CPR concerning healthcare professionals' attitudes to perform CPR. They felt more secure in their knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In some aspects of attitudes to resuscitation nurses and assistant nurses appeared to be the groups that were most markedly influenced. The concern of being infected by a disease was low.

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  • 42.
    Källestedt, Marie-Louise Södersved
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Enlund, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Herlitz, Johan
    Development of a reliable questionnaire in resuscitation knowledge2008In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, ISSN 0735-6757, E-ISSN 1532-8171, Vol. 26, no 6, p. 723-728Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Forskande läkare snart en "utrotningshotad" art?2007In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 104, no 44, p. 3262-Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Intresset för klinisk forskning bland läkare avtar både i Sverige och internationellt.

    Klinisk forskning bör introduceras tidigt under medicinstudierna, och blivande läkare bör engageras i kliniska forskningsprojekt.

    Klinisk forskning kan bli attraktiv om dess status höjs i läkarkåren.

  • 44.
    Lind, Lars
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology.
    Gigante, Bruna
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Unit Cardiovasc Med, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Borne, Yan
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Malmö, Lund, Sweden..
    Feldreich, Tobias
    Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Sci, Falun, Sweden..
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Hedberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Vastmanland Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, Västerås, Sweden..
    Östgren, Carl Johan
    Linköping Univ, Dept Hlth Med & Caring Sci, Linköping, Sweden..
    Nyström, Fredrik H.
    Linköping Univ, Dept Hlth Med & Caring Sci, Linköping, Sweden..
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology. Univ New South Wales, George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Sci, Falun, Sweden..
    Baldassarre, Damiano
    Univ Milan, Dept Med Biotechnol & Translat Med, Damiano Baldassarre, Milan, Italy.;IRCCS, Ctr Cardiol Monzino, Milan, Italy..
    Tremoli, Elena
    IRCCS, Ctr Cardiol Monzino, Milan, Italy..
    Veglia, Fabrizio
    IRCCS, Ctr Cardiol Monzino, Milan, Italy..
    Hamsten, Anders
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Unit Cardiovasc Med, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Huddinge, Sweden..
    O'Donnell, Christopher J.
    Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA..
    Franceschini, Nora
    Univ North Caroline, Dept Epidemiol, Capel Hill, NC USA..
    Orho-Melander, Marju
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Malmö, Lund, Sweden..
    Nilsson, Jan
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Malmö, Lund, Sweden..
    Melander, Olle
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Malmö, Lund, Sweden..
    Engström, Gunnar
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Malmö, Lund, Sweden..
    Mälarstig, Anders
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Unit Cardiovasc Med, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Plasma Protein Profile of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerotic Outcomes: Meta-Analyses and Mendelian Randomization Analyses2021In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, ISSN 1079-5642, E-ISSN 1524-4636, Vol. 41, no 5, p. 1777-1788Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To identify causal pathophysiological mechanisms for atherosclerosis and incident cardiovascular events using protein measurements.

    APPROACH AND RESULTS: Carotid artery atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasound, and 86 cardiovascular-related proteins were measured using the Olink CVD-I panel in 7 Swedish prospective studies (11 754 individuals). The proteins were analyzed in relation to intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA), plaque occurrence, and incident cardiovascular events (composite end point of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke) using a discovery/replication approach in different studies. After adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, 11 proteins remained significantly associated with IMT-CCA in the replication stage, whereas 9 proteins were replicated for plaque occurrence and 17 proteins for incident cardiovascular events. NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-12 were associated with both IMT-CCA and incident events, but the overlap was considerably larger between plaque occurrence and incident events, including MMP-12, TIM-1 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1), GDF (growth/differentiation factor)-15, IL (interleukin)-6, U-PAR (urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor), LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized LDL [low-density lipoprotein] receptor 1), and TRAIL-R2 (TNF [tumor necrosis factor]-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2). Only MMP-12 was associated with IMT-CCA, plaque, and incident events with a positive and concordant direction of effect. However, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that increased MMP-12 may be protective against ischemic stroke (P=5.5x10(-7)), which is in the opposite direction of the observational analyses.

    CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis discovered several proteins related to carotid atherosclerosis that partly differed in their association with IMT-CCA, plaque, and incident atherosclerotic disease. Mendelian randomization analysis for the top finding, MMP-12, suggests that the increased levels of MMP-12 could be a consequence of atherosclerotic burden rather than the opposite chain of events.

  • 45.
    Loof, L
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Leppert, J
    Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Bergkvist, L
    Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Lindstrom, L
    Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Sorensen, S
    Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Tegelberg, A
    Interfaculty Units, Centre for Clinical Research.
    Tuvemo, T
    Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    [Clinical research and continuing education on county hospital level.Experiences with cooperation between health care and academies]2002In: Läkartidningen, Vol. 99, no 46, p. 4624-Article in journal (Other scientific)
  • 46.
    Löfvander, Monica
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Rosenblad, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Wiklund, Tony
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Bennström, Halina
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    A case-control study of self-reported health, quality-of-life and general functioning among recent immigrants and age- and sex-matched Swedish-born controls2014In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 42, no 8, p. 734-742Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To examine whether new immigrants had inferior quality-of-life, well-being and general functioning compared with Swedish age- and sex-matched controls.

    Methods: A prospective case-control study was designed including immigrants from non-European countries, 18-65 years of age, with recent Permanent Permits to Stay (PPS) in Sweden, and age- and sex-matched Swedish-born (SB) persons from the general population in Västmanland County, Sweden. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life (WHOQOL-BREF) Scale and the General Activity Functioning Assessment Scale (GAF) from DSM-IV were posted (SB), or applied in personal interviews (PPS) with interpreters. Differences between the PPS and SB groups were measured using McNemar's test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test conducted separately for observations at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-up.

    Results: There were 93 pairs (mean age 36 years). Persons from Somalia (67%) and Iraq (27%) dominated the PPS group. The differences between the groups were statistically significant for all time points for the Psychological health and Social relationship domains of WHOQOL-BREF, and for the baseline and 6-month follow-up time points of GHQ-12 where the PPS-group had a higher degree of well-being, health and quality-of-life than the SB. This tendency applied for both sexes in the immigrant group.

    Conclusions: These new immigrants did not have inferior physical or psychological health, quality-of-life, well-being or social functioning compared with their age- and sex-matched Swedish born pairs during a 1-year follow-up. Thus, there is reason to advocate immigrants' fast integration into society.

  • 47.
    Lönnberg, Lena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Rehn, Mattias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Öhrvik, John
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Chabok, Abbas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Damberg, Mattias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Early screening for metabolic syndrome opens a window of opportunity: learnings from a long-term, population-based study2023In: European Heart Journal, ISSN 0195-668X, E-ISSN 1522-9645, Vol. 44, no Supplement_2, article id ehad655.2373Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of risk factors that predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Early detection of MetS opens up for a successful treatment of the cardiovascular (CV) risk factors involved, hopefully leading to later advent of CVD in the general population.

    Purpose: In this long-term, population-based study we aimed to investigate how presence of MetS, in middle-aged men and women, was associated with all-cause mortality and non-fatal CVD later in life.

    Methods: Between 1990 -1999 a screening program was conducted among 40- and 50-year-old inhabitants in the County of Västmanland, Sweden. Data on lifestyle habits and socio-economic status were collected. Total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, weight, height, waist and hip circumference were measured. Individuals that met three or more of the following risk factors were classified with MetS: waist circumference: ≥102 cm (men) and ≥88 cm (women), total cholesterol: ≥6.1 mmol/ l, blood pressure: ≥130 and/ or ≥85 mm Hg (or previous diagnosis of hypertension) or fasting plasma glucose: ≥5.6 mmol/ l (or previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes). A control group was identified with individuals from the same population, without MetS diagnosis. Each participant with MetS was matched to two controls regarding sex, age and date for the health examination. The association between midlife MetS and all-cause mortality and non-fatal CV events (stroke and myocardial infarction) was adjusted for age, sex, smoking, physical inactivity, educational level, BMI, hip circumference and living alone or with family members. Multivariable cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used.

    Results: A total number of 5084 individuals met the criteria for MetS and a control group of 10 168 individuals was identified. The median (Q1, Q3) follow-up time was 27 years (24.6, 30.1), corresponding to 130 820 and 269 696 person-years at risk in the MetS and the control group respectively. During follow up, 1317 MetS and 1904 control subjects died, implying 10 deaths in the MetS group and 7 deaths in the controls per 1000 person-years at risk (fig. 1). Cox analysis showed increased mortality in the MetS group compared to the controls, hazard ratio (HR) 1.30 (95% CI: 1.20-1.40); p<0.001. Non-fatal CV events in the MetS group and in the controls were 32.4% vs 22.8%, respectively (p<0.001); HR 1.35 (CI;1.25–1.46) (fig 2). Median time (Q1, Q3) for first non-fatal CV event was 16.8 years (9.9,22.3) in the MetS group and 19.1 (12.2, 23.6) for the controls.

    Conclusions: Results from this long-term, population-based study underline that the risk of non-fatal CVD and all-cause mortality was significantly higher in individuals with asymptomatic MetS. Present results support previous studies that early identification of MetS with screening programs might open a window of opportunity for prevention of CVD and premature death in the general population.

  • 48. Marcinkowski, Jerzy T.
    et al.
    Edbom-Kolarz, Anna
    Bajek, Anna
    Wojtyla, Andrzej
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Zagozdzon, Pawel
    Kolarzyk, Emilia
    Bryl, Wieslaw
    Hoffmann, Karolina
    Comparative studies on promotion of health and life style of hospital staff in Sweden and Poland2012In: AAEM: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, ISSN 1232-1966, E-ISSN 1898-2263, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 732-737Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction. Recently, an increase has been observed in the number of patients suffering from diseases which are the consequence of an anti-health life style; therefore it is necessary to undertake proper actions in this area, including those addressed to hospital staff. Objectives. 1) Comparison of self-reported state of health and life style between hospital staff in Sweden and Poland, and the motivation of these employees to change the to-date life style for one that is more health promoting. 2) Presentation, based on Swedish experiences in the field of health promotion in hospitals, of the possibilities to implement these changes in Polish conditions. Material and method. The study covered the staff from the following hospitals: 1) hospitals in Ostergotland County, Sweden, and 2) the Ludwik Perzyna Regional Polyclinical Hospital in Kalisz, Poland. The studies were conducted in parallel in Sweden and in Poland during the fourth quarter 2010. The research instrument was a questionnaire form. Results. The following measures should be undertaken by the staff of Polish hospitals: an increase in the consumption of fruit and vegetables, physical activity, organization of workshops aimed at the shaping of skills of coping with stress and relieving stress, assistance in reducing body weight and increasing physical activity. Obligatory breaks at work should be introduced for the consumption of meals and intake of beverages, including water, promotion of fluid replacement would reduce fatigue. An obligatory lunchtime would allow each employee to consume a decent meal, and consequently have respite away from one's own work activities. In order to have a well-functioning staff an employer should, in his/her own interest, decrease potential sick absenteeism, provide incentives for motor activity, e.g. by the organization of groups, reduction of weekly working time on behalf of documented physical activity, or financial support for the purchase of tickets for various forms of physical exercises. Promotion of collective exercise, e.g. common nordic walking for 30 min. during lunch, competition in the largest number of steps made. Promotion of healthy nutrition by the preparation of recipes for meals, several exemplary healthy meals in the form of a healthy alternative breakfast. During this event, a basket of fruit is provided, instead of cakes and sweets. Conclusions. 1) The life style of the staff of health care facilities is more health promoting in Sweden than in Poland. 2) It is possible to change the life style of employees of health care facilities into one that is more health promoting. Changes in this area have been made in Sweden with a great success; therefore, it is worthwhile implementing in Poland these Swedish experiences which may function also in Polish conditions. 3) The foundations of health promotion in enterprises have been known for a long time; however, considering the fact that the comparative studies show that these foundations are more advanced in Sweden, it is necessary that Polish employers devote more attention to this problem, and become interested in Swedish experiences in this area.

  • 49.
    Moberg, Lena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Liljeström, Simon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Rehn, Mattias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Kilander, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Chabok, Abbas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Blood pressure screening in midlife aids in prediction of dementia later in life2022In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 127, no 1, article id e7860Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: There is substantial evidence that midlife hypertension is a risk factor for late life dementia. Our aim was to investigate if even high blood pressure at a single timepoint in midlife can predict an increased risk for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or vascular dementia (VaD) later in life. Methods: The community-based study population comprised 30,102 dementia-free individuals from the Westmannia Cardiovascular Risk Factors Study. The participants were aged 40 or 50 years when the health examination took place in 1990-2000. Diagnose registers from both hospitals and primary healthcare centers were used to identify individuals who after inclusion to the study developed dementia.The association between midlife high blood pressure (defined as systolic blood pressure >140 and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg) at a single timepoint and dementia was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, education, smoking, and physical activity level. Multivariate binary cox regression analyses were used. Results: After a mean follow-up time of 24 years resulting in 662,244 person/years, 761 (2.5%) individuals had been diagnosed with dementia. Midlife high blood pressure at a single timepoint predicted allcause dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.45) and VaD (HR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.47-3.00) but not AD (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.81-1.38). Conclusion: This study suggests that even midlife high blood pressure at a single timepoint predicts allcause dementia and more than doubles the risk for VaD later in life independently of established confounders. Even though there was no such association with AD, this strengthens the importance of midlife health examinations in order to identify individuals with hypertension and initiate treatment.

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  • 50.
    Nillson, Kent W.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Sjöberg, Rickard L.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Damberg, Mattias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Alm, Per Olof
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Öhrvik, John
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Leppert, Jerzy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Lindström, Leif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Oreland, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Role of the Serotonin Transporter Gene and Family Function in Adolescent Alcohol Consumption2005In: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, ISSN 0145-6008, E-ISSN 1530-0277, Vol. 29, no 4, p. 564-570Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: That the extent to which a particular individual will engage in problematic behaviors such as delinquency, violence, or drug abuse is determined by the way psychosocial, situational, and hereditary factors interact is widely accepted. However, only recently have researchers begun to investigate the interactions between specific genotypes and psychosocial factors in relation to behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible interactions between a polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and family relations on adolescent alcohol consumption.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study with a randomized sample from a total population of 16- and 19-year-old adolescents from a Swedish county was conducted. Eighty-one male and 119 female adolescents, who volunteered to participate after having answered a questionnaire, were randomly selected from quartiles of volunteers representing various degrees of psychosocial risk behavior.

    Results: 5-HTT genotype (p= 0.029) and family relations (p= 0.022) predicted alcohol consumption independently as well as through an interaction with one another (p= 0.05). The model explained 11% of the variance in alcohol consumption. In a binary logistic model, we found that adolescents with the LS variant of the 5-HTT gene and with family relations being “neutral” or “bad” had a 12- to 14-fold increased risk for high intoxication frequency.

    Conclusions: In sum, our results show that a functional polymorphism of the 5-HTT genotype, family relations, and interactions between these variables predict adolescent alcohol consumption in a randomized sample of adolescents.

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