Logo: to the web site of Uppsala University

uu.sePublications from Uppsala University
Change search
Refine search result
12 1 - 50 of 85
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1. Abarca-Gómez, L.
    et al.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Yngve, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Ezzati, M
    Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults.2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 390, no 10113, p. 2627-2642Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults.

    METHODS: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity).

    FINDINGS: Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m(2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m(2) per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m(2) per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m(2) per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese.

    INTERPRETATION: The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 2.
    Andersén, Åsa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Larsson, Kjerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Self-efficacy in women on long termsick leave - the Vitalis project2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Andersén, Åsa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Larsson, Kjerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Berglund, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Kristiansson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Strengthened General Self-Efficacy with Multidisciplinary Vocational Rehabilitation in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave: A Randomised Controlled Trial2018In: Journal of occupational rehabilitation, ISSN 1053-0487, E-ISSN 1573-3688, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 691-700Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose To investigate the effects of two vocational rehabilitation interventions on self-efficacy, for women on long-term sick leave ≥ 1 year due to chronic pain and/or mental illness. Methods This study uses data from a randomised controlled trial consisting of two phases and comprising 401 women on long-term sick leave. They were allocated to either (1) a multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention (TEAM), (2) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or (3) control group. Data were collected through repeated measurements from self-reported questionnaires before intervention, 6 and 12 months later and registry data. Data from measurements of general self-efficacy, sociodemographics, anxiety and depression were analysed with linear regression analyses. Results During the intervention period, the women in the TEAM group’s self-efficacy mean increased from 2.29 to 2.74. The adjusted linear regression model, which included group allocation, sociodemographics, self-efficacy pre-treatment, anxiety and depression showed increased self-efficacy for those in the TEAM intervention at 12 months (B = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.41). ACT intervention had no effect on self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.02, 95% CI − 0.16 to 0.19). The results in the adjusted model also showed that higher self-efficacy at pre-treatment was associated with a higher level of self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.81). Conclusion A multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention increased self-efficacy in women on sick leave for an extremely long time (mean 7.8 years) who had a low mean level of self-efficacy prior to inclusion. Thus, self-efficacy needs to be addressed in vocational rehabilitation.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Andersén, Åsa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Larsson, Kjerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Kristiansson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Low self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Andersén, Åsa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Larsson, Kjerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Huddinge, Sweden..
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Univ Uppsala Hosp, ArbetsRehab Occupat & Environm Med, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Kristiansson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Univ Uppsala Hosp, ArbetsRehab Occupat & Environm Med, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Predictors of self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave2015In: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, ISSN 0342-5282, E-ISSN 1473-5660, Vol. 38, no 4, p. 320-326Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Self-efficacy has been shown to be related to sick leave and to be a predictor of return to work after sickness absence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factors related to sick leave predict self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave because of pain and/or mental illness. This cross-sectional study uses baseline data from 337 Swedish women with pain and/or mental illness. All included women took part in vocational rehabilitation. Data were collected through a sick leave register and a baseline questionnaire. General self-efficacy, sociodemographics, self-rated health, anxiety, depression, view of the future, and social support were measured and analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. The full multivariate linear regression model, which included mental health factors together with all measured factors, showed that anxiety and depression were the only predictive factors of lower self-efficacy (adjusted R-2 = 0.46, P < 0.001) and explained 46% of the variance in self-efficacy. The mean scores of general self-efficacy were low, especially in women born abroad, those with low motivation, those with uncertainties about returning to work, and women reporting distrust. Anxiety and depression are important factors to consider when targeting self-efficacy in vocational rehabilitation.

  • 6.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Hansson, Ann-Sophie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Liljestam Hurtigh, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Slutrapport – NySatsa Haninge: Projekt med syfte att främja individens möjligheter till återgång i arbete genom individuell utveckling och vägledning2010Report (Other academic)
  • 7. Bellavia, Andrea
    et al.
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Orsini, Nicola
    James, Stefan K
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Cannon, Christopher P
    Himmelmann, Anders
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Renlund, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Time-based measures of treatment effect: reassessment of ticagrelor and clopidogrel from the PLATO trial2017In: Open heart, E-ISSN 2053-3624, Vol. 4, no 2, article id e000557Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Treatment effects to binary endpoints using time-to-event data in randomised controlled trials are typically summarised by reporting HRs derived with Cox proportional hazard models. Alternative and complementary methods include summarising the between-treatment differences on the metric time scale, quantifying the effect as delay of the event (DoE). The aim of this study was to reassess data from the PLATO study expressing the effects as the time by which the main outcomes are delayed or hastened due to treatment.

    METHODS: PLATO was a randomised controlled double-blind multicentre study (n=18,624), conducted between 2006 and 2008, which demonstrated superiority of the antiplatelet treatment ticagrelor over clopidogrel in reducing risk of several cardiovascular events. In the present study, four of the main PLATO outcomes were reassessed by calculating the time by which an event may be delayed due to the treatment.

    RESULTS: The effects of ticagrelor, as compared with clopidogrel, consisted of a substantial delay of the evaluated outcomes, ranging from 83 to 98 days over 400-day follow-up. The Delay of Events Curves showed that the effects progressively increased over time, and the significant findings were concordant with those presented in the original PLATO study.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed evidence of a beneficial effect of ticagrelor over clopidogrel, and provided the magnitude of such effects in terms of delayed event time. Investigating time-to-event data with a percentile approach allows presenting treatment effects from randomised controlled studies as absolute measures of the time by which an event may be delayed due to the treatment.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PLATO (www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00391872); Results.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Andersén, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Carlsson, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna.
    Gustavsson, Catharina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna.
    Wallman, Thorne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD).
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine. Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Multidisciplinary Intervention and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Return-to-Work and Increased Employability among Patients with Mental Illness and/or Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial2018In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 15, no 11, article id 2424Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: People on long-term sick leave often have a long-lasting process back to work, where the individuals may be in multiple and recurrent states; i.e., receiving different social security benefits or working, and over time they may shift between these states. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two vocational rehabilitation programs, compared to a control, on return-to-work (RTW) or increased employability in patients on long-term sick leave due to mental illness and/or chronic pain. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 427 women and men were allocated to either (1) multidisciplinary team management, i.e., multidisciplinary assessments and individual rehabilitation management, (2) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or (3) control. A positive outcome was defined as RTW or increased employability. The outcome was considered negative if the (part-time) wage was reduced or ceased, or if there was an indication of decreased employability. The outcome was measured one year after entry in the project and analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regressions. Results: Participants in the multidisciplinary team group reported having RTW odds ratio (OR) 3.31 (95% CI 1.39-7.87) compared to the control group in adjusted models. Participants in the ACT group reported having increased employability OR 3.22 (95% CI 1.13-9.15) compared to the control group in adjusted models. Conclusions: This study of vocational rehabilitation in mainly female patients on long-term sick leave due to mental illness and/or chronic pain suggests that multidisciplinary team assessments and individually adapted rehabilitation interventions increased RTW and employability. Solely receiving the ACT intervention also increased employability.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 9.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Active Traveling and Its Associations with Self-Rated Health, BMI and Physical Activity: A Comparative Study in the Adult Swedish Population2016In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 13, no 5, article id 455Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Active traveling to a daily occupation means that an individual uses an active way of traveling between two destinations. Active travel to work or other daily occupations offers a convenient way to increase physical activity levels which is known to have positive effects on several health outcomes. Frequently used concepts in city planning and regional planning today are to create environments for active commuting and active living. Even then, little research has focused on traveling modes and subjective health outcomes such as self-rated health (SRH). This study aimed to explore and investigate associations between travel mode and health-related outcomes, such as self-rated health (SRH), body mass index (BMI) and overall physical activity, in an adult population in Sweden. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a randomly selected population-based sample (n = 1786, age 45-75 years); the respondents completed a questionnaire about their regular travel mode, demographics, lifestyle, BMI and SRH. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions found that inactive traveling was associated with poor SRH, a greater risk of obesity or being overweight and overall physical inactivity. In addition, lifestyle factors, such as choice of food and smoking habits, were associated with SRH, BMI and overall physical activity.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Adherence to and beliefs in lipid-lowering medical treatments: A structural equation modeling approach including the necessity-concern framework2013In: Patient Education and Counseling, ISSN 0738-3991, E-ISSN 1873-5134, Vol. 91, no 1, p. 105-112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    This study attempts to identify a structure among patient-related factors that could predict treatment adherence in statin patients, especially with regards to the necessity-concern framework.

    Methods

    414 Swedish patients using statins completed a questionnaire about their health, treatment, locus of control, perception of necessity-concern and adherence. The data were handled using a structural equation modeling approach.

    Results

    Patients that reported high perceptions of necessity to treatment seemed to adhere well, and side effects appear to affect adherence negatively. Disease burden, cardiovascular disease experience and high locus of control seem to have mediating effects on adherence.

    Conclusion

    This study provides support for the hypothesis that health- and treatment-related factors, as well as locus of control factors, are indirectly associated with treatment adherence via their association with mediating factor necessity.

    Practice implications:

    This study highlights the importance of considering patients' beliefsabout medications, disease burden, experience of cardiovascular events and locus of control as these factors are associated with adherence behavior to statin treatment. This study also emphasizes more generally the importance of an approach targeting necessity and concern when communicating with and treating patients with lipid-lowering medication. (

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Health and wellbeing in informal caregivers and non-caregivers: a comparative cross-sectional study of the Swedish a general population2015In: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, ISSN 1477-7525, E-ISSN 1477-7525, Vol. 13, article id 109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Informal caregiving by relatives is a great resource for individuals as well as for society, but the caregiving role is associated with health problems for the caregiver. This study aimed to compare caregivers' self-rated health, number of recent days with poor health and psychological wellbeing with that of non-caregivers in a general Swedish population. Methods: From 2004 to 2013, 90,845 Swedish people completed a postal questionnaire about their health, number of recent days with poor health during last month, psychological wellbeing and if they were performing caregiving or not. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, ANOVA, logistic regressions and negative binomial regression models were used to investigate associations between being a caregiver or not and health and wellbeing. Negative binomial regression was used to assess the relation between caregiver status and recent days with poor health or functioning. Results: Eleven percent reported having a caregiving role. Caregivers reported poorer self-rated health compered to non-caregivers, also in adjusted models; odds ratio (OR): 1.07 with a 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.13. Caregivers also reported lower psychological wellbeing compared to non-caregivers; OR: 1.22, CI: 1.15-1.30. Caregiving status was associated with more recent days with poor physical health and more recent days with poor mental health. Conclusions: This study suggests that caregivers have worse perceptions in self-rated health and psychological wellbeing compared with non-caregivers, indicating that the role of caregiver is adversely associated with health. This association also appears in terms of reporting days of poor health in the last month. The underlying mechanism of these associations, including the potential detrimental health effects of being a caregiver, needs to be investigated in longitudinal studies.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 12.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine. Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Living environment, social support and informal caregiving are associated with healthcare seeking behaviour and adherence to medication treatment: a cross-sectional population study2019In: Health and social care in the community, ISSN 0966-0410, Vol. 27, no 5, p. 1260-1270Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the well-known associations between local environment and health, few studies have focused on environment and health care utiliza-tion, for instance health care seeking behaviour or adherence. This study was aimed at analysing housing type, behaviour based on perceived local outdoor safety, social support, informal caregiving, demographics, socioeconomics, and long-term illness, and associations with health-seeking and adherence behaviours at a population level. This study used data from the Swedish National Public Health Survey 2004–2014, an annually repeated, large sample, cross-sectional, population-based sur-vey study. In all, questionnaires from 100,433 individuals were returned by post, making the response rate 52.9% (100,433/190,000). Descrip-tive statistics and multiple logistic regressions were used to investigate associations between explanatory variables and the outcomes of refrain-ing from seeking care and non-adherence behaviour. Living in rented apartment, lodger, a dorm or other was associated with reporting refrain-ing from seeking care (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.22), and non-adherence (adjusted OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.13–1.31). Refraining from go-ing out due to a perceived unsafe neighbourhood was associated with refraining from seeking care (adjusted OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.51–1.67) and non-adherence (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.17–1.36). Social support and status as an informal caregiver was associated with higher odds of refraining from seeking medical care and non-adherence. This study suggests that living in rental housing, refraining from going out due to neighbourhood safety concerns, lack of social support or informal care-giver status are associated with lower health-seeking behaviour and non-adherence to prescribed medication.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 13.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    The influence of locus of control on self-rated health in context of chronic disease: a structural equation modeling approach in a cross sectional study2014In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 14, p. 492-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Self-rated health is a robust predictor of several health outcomes, such as functional ability, health care utilization, morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to investigate and explore how health locus of control and disease burden relate to self-rated health among patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods: In 2009, 414 Swedish patients who were using statins completed a questionnaire about their health, diseases and their views on the three-dimensional health locus of control scale. The scale determines which category of health locus of control - internal, chance or powerful others - a patient most identifies with. The data was analyzed using logistic regression and a structural equation modeling approach. Results: The analyses showed positive associations between internal health locus of control and self-rated health, and a negative association between health locus of control in chance and powerful others and self-rated health. High internal health locus of control was negatively associated with the cumulative burden of diseases, while health locus of control in chance and powerful others were positively associated with burden of diseases. In addition, age and education level had indirect associations with self-rated health through health locus of control. Conclusions: This study suggests that self-rated health is positively correlated with internal locus of control and negatively associated with high locus of control in chance and powerful others in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, disease burden seems to be negatively associated with self-rated health.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 14.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Oldgren, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Renlund, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Alexander, John H.
    Granger, Christopher B.
    Hohnloser, Stefan H.
    Hylek, Elaine M.
    Lopes, Renato D.
    McMurray, John JV
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine. Karolinska institutet.
    Effects of apixaban compared with warfarin as gain in event-free time: a novel assessment of the results of the ARISTOTLE trial2020In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, ISSN 2047-4873, E-ISSN 2047-4881, Vol. 27, no 12, p. 1311-1319Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: A novel approach to determine the effect of a treatment is to calculate the delay of event, which estimates the gain of event-free time. The aim of this study was to estimate gains in event-free time for stroke or systemic embolism, death, bleeding events, and the composite of these events, in patients with atrial fibrillation randomized to either warfarin or apixaban in the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation trial (ARISTOTLE).

    DESIGN: The ARISTOTLE study was a randomized double-blind trial comparing apixaban with warfarin.

    METHODS: Laplace regression was used to estimate the delay in time to the outcomes between the apixaban and the warfarin group in 6, 12, 18 and 22 months of follow-up.

    RESULTS: The gain in event-free time for apixaban versus warfarin was 181 (95% confidence interval 76 to 287) days for stroke or systemic embolism and 55 (-4 to 114) days for death after 22 months of follow-up. The corresponding gains in event-free times for major and intracranial bleeding were 206 (130 to 281) and 392 (249 to 535) days, respectively. The overall gain for the composite of all these events was a gain of 116 (60 to 171) days.

    CONCLUSIONS: In patients with atrial fibrillation, 22 months of treatment with apixaban, as compared with warfarin, provided gains of approximately 6 months in event-free time for stroke or systemic embolism, 7 months for major bleeding and 13 months for intracranial bleeding.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 15.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Housing Type and Neighbourhood Safety Behaviour Predicts Self-rated Health, Psychological Well-being and Frequency of Recent Unhealthy Days: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of the General Population in Sweden2017In: Planning practice + research, ISSN 0269-7459, E-ISSN 1360-0583, Vol. 32, no 4, p. 444-465Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed at analysing associations among housing type, neighbourhood safety behaviour, self-rated health (SRH), psychological well-being and unhealthy days in the general population. From 2004 to 2013, 90,845 Swedes completed a questionnaire about their health, number of days with poor health, psychological well-being, housing type, and whether they refrained from going out based on perception of neighbourhood safety. People not living in private housing and those who did not go out for safety reasons reported lower SRH and psychological well-being and higher frequency of recent unhealthy days and days without work capacity due to poor health.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 16.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Social and health-related factors associated with refraining from seeking dental care: A cross-sectional population study2017In: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, ISSN 0301-5661, E-ISSN 1600-0528, Vol. 45, no 3, p. 258-265Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Social inequities are considered to affect healthcare utilization, whereas less is known about the factors associated with refraining from seeking dental care. This study aimed to investigate whether people with no social support, long-term illness, caregiver burden and low socioeconomic status (SES) refrained from seeking dental care in higher proportion than the general Swedish population.

    Methods: This study used cross-sectional questionnaire data from repeated nationwide health surveys during 2004-2013 of a total of 90 845 people. The questionnaire included questions on demographic characteristics, social support, long-term illness, caregiving burden, SES and dental care-seeking behaviour. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation analyses and logistic regressions were used to investigate associations between independent variables and dental care-seeking behaviour.

    Results: In the total sample, 15.1% of respondents reported refraining from seeking dental care. Having no emotional social support or having no instrumental social support was separately associated with reporting refraining from seeking dental care in adjusted multivariate models (odds ratio [OR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.34 and OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.67-2.13, respectively). Having a long-term illness was associated with refraining from seeking dental care in adjusted models (adjusted OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.35-1.51). Furthermore, being an informal caregiver was associated with refraining from seeking dental care (adjusted OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.23). Low SES was associated with higher refraining from seeking dental care; the strongest association was with having financial problems (adjusted OR: 3.57, 95% CI: 3.19-4.00). Interaction effects were found between education level and SES, and between social support and long-term illness, and the outcome.

    Conclusions: The findings in this study imply that having no social support, having long-term illness, being informal caregiver or having financial problems are factors associated with reporting refraining from seeking dental care, on a population basis.

  • 17.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Sundstrom, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Treatment effect expressed as the novel Delay of Event measure is associated with high willingness to initiate preventive treatment - A randomized survey experiment comparing effect measures2016In: Patient Education and Counseling, ISSN 0738-3991, E-ISSN 1873-5134, Vol. 99, no 12, p. 2005-2011Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: This study aimed to investigate patients' willingness to initiate a preventive treatment and compared two established effect measures to the newly developed Delay of Events (DoE) measure that expresses treatment effect as a gain in event-free time. Methods: In this cross-sectional, randomized survey experiment in the general Swedish population, 1079 respondents (response rate 60.9%) were asked to consider a preventive cardiovascular treatment. Respondents were randomly allocated to one of three effect descriptions: DoE, relative risk reduction (RRR), or absolute risk reduction (ARR). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed investigating willingness to initiate treatment, views on treatment benefit, motivation and importance to adhere and willingness to pay for treatment. Results: Eighty-one percent were willing to take the medication when the effect was described as DoE, 83.0% when it was described as RRR and 62.8% when it was described as ARR. DoE and RRR was further associated with positive views on treatment benefit, motivation, importance to adhere and WTP. Conclusions: Presenting treatment effect as DoE or RRR was associated with a high willingness to initiate treatment. Practice implications: An approach based on the novel time-based measure DoE may be of value in clinical communication and shared decision making.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 18.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Length of time periods in treatment effect descriptions and willingness to initiate preventive therapy: a randomised survey experiment2018In: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, E-ISSN 1472-6947, Vol. 18, article id 106Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Common measures used to describe preventive treatment effects today are proportional, i.e. they compare the proportions of events in relative or absolute terms, however they are not easily interpreted from the patient's perspective and different magnitudes do not seem to clearly discriminate between levels of effect presented to people. Methods In this randomised cross-sectional survey experiment, performed in a Swedish population-based sample (n=1041, response rate 58.6%), the respondents, aged between 40 and 75years were given information on a hypothetical preventive cardiovascular treatment. Respondents were randomised into groups in which the treatment was described as having the effect of delaying a heart attack for different periods of time (Delay of Event,DoE): 1month, 6months or 18months. Respondents were thereafter asked about their willingness to initiate such therapy, as well as questions about how they valued the proposed therapy. ResultsLonger DoE:s were associated with comparatively greater willingness to initiate treatment. The proportions accepting treatment were 81, 71 and 46% when postponement was 18months, 6months and 1month respectively. In adjusted binary logistic regression models the odds ratio for being willing to take therapy was 4.45 (95% CI 2.72-7.30) for a DoE of 6months, and 6.08 (95% CI 3.61-10.23) for a DoE of 18months compared with a DoE of 1month. Greater belief in the necessity of medical treatment increased the odds of being willing to initiate therapy. ConclusionsLay people's willingness to initiate preventive therapy was sensitive to the magnitude of the effect presented as DoE. The results indicate that DoE is a comprehensible effect measure, of potential value in shared clinical decision-making.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 19.
    Bixby, Honor
    et al.
    Imperial College London, London, UK.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Yngve, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Ezzati, Majid
    Imperial College London, London, UK.
    Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults2019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 569, no 7755, p. 260-264Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 20.
    Carlsson, Lars
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Center for Clinical Research Dalarna.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Hallqvist, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Wallman, Thorne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland.
    Gustavsson, Catharina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Center for Clinical Research Dalarna.
    Motivation for return to work and actual return to work among people on long-term sick leave due to pain syndrome or mental health conditions2019In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 41, no 25, p. 3061-3070Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between motivation for return to work and actual return to work, or increased employability among people on long-term sick leave.

    Materials and methods: Data by responses to questionnaires was collected from 227 people on long-term sick leave (mean = 7.9 years) due to pain syndrome or mild to moderate mental health conditions who had participated in a vocational rehabilitation intervention. The participants’ motivation for return to work was measured at baseline. At 12-month follow-up, change in the type of reimbursement between baseline and at present was assessed and used to categorise outcomes as: “decreased work and employability”, “unchanged”, “increased employability”, and “increased work”. Associations between baseline motivation and return to work outcome were analysed using logistic and multinomial regression models.

    Results: Motivation for return to work at baseline was associated with return to work or increased employability at 12-month follow-up in the logistic regression model adjusting for potential confounders (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.25–4.78).

    Conclusions: The results suggest that motivation for return to work at baseline was associated with actual chances of return to work or increased employability in people on long-term sick leave due to pain syndrome or mild to moderate mental health conditions.

    • Implication for rehabilitation
    • High motivation for return to work seems to increase the chances of actual return to work or increased employability in people on sick leave due to pain syndrome or mild to moderate mental health conditions.

    • The potential impact of motivation for return to work is suggested to be highlighted in vocational rehabilitation.

    • Rehabilitation professionals are recommended to recognise and take into consideration the patient’s stated motivation for return to work.

    • Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of that the patient’s motivation for return to work might have an impact on the outcome of vocational rehabilitation.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 21. Danaei, Goodarz
    et al.
    Fahimi, Saman
    Lu, Yuan
    Zhou, Bin
    Hajifathalian, Kaveh
    Di Cesare, Mariachiara
    Lo, Wei-Cheng
    Reis-Santos, Barbara
    Cowan, Melanie J.
    Shaw, Jonathan E.
    Bentham, James
    Lin, John K.
    Bixby, Honor
    Magliano, Dianna
    Bovet, Pascal
    Miranda, J. Jaime
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Stevens, Gretchen A.
    Riley, Leanne M.
    Ali, Mohammed K.
    Ezzati, Majid
    Abdeen, Ziad A.
    Kadir, Khalid Abdul
    Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.
    Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin
    Aekplakorn, Wichai
    Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.
    Ahmadvand, Alireza
    Al Nsour, Mohannad
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Amouyel, Philippe
    Andersen, Lars Bo
    Anderssen, Sigmund A.
    Andrade, Dolores S.
    Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
    Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer
    Aris, Tahir
    Arlappa, Nimmathota
    Arveiler, Dominique
    Assah, Felix K.
    Avdicova, Maria
    Balakrishna, Nagalla
    Bandosz, Piotr
    Barbagallo, Carlo M.
    Barcelo, Alberto
    Batieha, Anwar M.
    Baur, Louise A.
    Ben Romdhane, Habiba
    Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
    Bhargava, Santosh K.
    Bi, Yufang
    Bjerregaard, Peter
    Bjorkelund, Cecilia
    Blake, Margaret
    Blokstra, Anneke
    Bo, Simona
    Boehm, Bernhard O.
    Boissonnet, Carlos P.
    Brajkovich, Imperia
    Breckenkamp, Juergen
    Brewster, Lizzy M.
    Brian, Garry R.
    Bruno, Graziella
    Bugge, Anna
    de Leon, Antonio Cabrera
    Can, Gunay
    Candido, Ana Paula C.
    Capuano, Vincenzo
    Carvalho, Maria J.
    Casanueva, Felipe F.
    Caserta, Carmelo A.
    Castetbon, Katia
    Chamukuttan, Snehalatha
    Chaturvedi, Nishi
    Chen, Chien-Jen
    Chen, Fangfang
    Chen, Shuohua
    Cheng, Ching-Yu
    Chetrit, Angela
    Chiou, Shu-Ti
    Cho, Yumi
    Chudek, Jerzy
    Cifkova, Renata
    Claessens, Frank
    Concin, Hans
    Cooper, Cyrus
    Cooper, Rachel
    Costanzo, Simona
    Cottel, Dominique
    Cowell, Chris
    Crujeiras, Ana B.
    D'Arrigo, Graziella
    Dallongeville, Jean
    Dankner, Rachel
    Dauchet, Luc
    de Gaetano, Giovanni
    De Henauw, Stefaan
    Deepa, Mohan
    Dehghan, Abbas
    Dhana, Klodian
    Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F.
    Djalalinia, Shirin
    Doua, Kouamelan
    Drygas, Wojciech
    Du, Yong
    Egbagbe, Eruke E.
    Eggertsen, Robert
    El Ati, Jalila
    Elosua, Roberto
    Erasmus, Rajiv T.
    Erem, Cihangir
    Ergor, Gul
    Eriksen, Louise
    la Penaa, Jorge Escobedo-De
    Fall, Caroline H.
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.
    Ferguson, Trevor S.
    Fernandez-Berges, Daniel
    Ferrari, Marika
    Ferreccio, Catterina
    Finn, Joseph D.
    Foger, Bernhard
    Foo, Leng Huat
    Fouad, Heba M.
    Francis, Damian K.
    Franco, Maria do Carmo
    Franco, Oscar H.
    Frontera, Guillermo
    Furusawa, Takuro
    Gaciong, Zbigniew
    Galbarczyk, Andrzej
    Garnett, Sarah P.
    Gaspoz, Jean-Michel
    Gasull, Magda
    Gates, Louise
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Ghasemain, Anoosheh
    Giampaoli, Simona
    Gianfagna, Francesco
    Giovannelli, Jonathan
    Gross, Marcela Gonzalez
    Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez
    Gorbea, Mariano Bonet
    Gottrand, Frederic
    Grant, Janet F.
    Grodzicki, Tomasz
    Grontved, Anders
    Gruden, Grabriella
    Gu, Dongfeng
    Guan, Ong Peng
    Guerrero, Ramiro
    Guessous, Idris
    Guimaraes, Andre L.
    Gutierrez, Laura
    Hardy, Rebecca
    Kumar, Rachakulla Hari
    He, Jiang
    Heidemann, Christin
    Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani
    Ho, Sai Yin
    Ho, Suzanne C.
    Hofman, Albert
    Russo, Andrea R. V.
    Hormiga, Claudia M.
    Horta, Bernardo L.
    Houti, Leila
    Hussieni, Abdullatif S.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Hwalla, Nahla
    Iacoviello, Licia
    Iannone, Anna G.
    Ibrahim, Mohsen M.
    Ikeda, Nayu
    Ikram, M. Arfan
    Irazola, Vilma E.
    Islam, Muhammad
    Iwasaki, Masanori
    Jacobs, Jeremy M.
    Jafar, Tazeen
    Jasienska, Grazyna
    Jiang, Chao Qiang
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Joshi, Pradeep
    Kafatos, Anthony
    Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Katz, Joanne
    Kaur, Prabhdeep
    Kavousi, Maryam
    Kelishadi, Roya
    Kengne, Andre P.
    Kersting, Mathilde
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Kiechl, Stefan
    Kim, Jeongseon
    Kiyohara, Yutaka
    Kolsteren, Patrick
    Korrovits, Paul
    Koskinen, Seppo
    Kratzer, Wolfgang
    Kromhout, Daan
    Kula, Krzysztof
    Kurjata, Pawel
    Kyobutungi, Catherine
    Lachat, Carl
    Laid, Youcef
    Lam, Tai Hing
    Landrove, Orlando
    Lanska, Vera
    Lappas, Georg
    Laxmaiah, Avula
    Leclercq, Catherine
    Lee, Jeannette
    Lee, Jeonghee
    Lehtimaki, Terho
    Lekhraj, Rampal
    Leon-Munoz, Luz M.
    Li, Yanping
    Lim, Wei-Yen
    Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda
    Lin, Hsien-Ho
    Lin, Xu
    Lissner, Lauren
    Lorbeer, Roberto
    Lozano, Jose Eugenio
    Lundqvist, Annamari
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Ma, Guansheng
    Machado-Coelho, George L. L.
    Machi, Suka
    Maggi, Stefania
    Makdisse, Marcia
    Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
    Manios, Yannis
    Manzato, Enzo
    Margozzini, Paula
    Marques-Vidal, Pedro
    Martorell, Reynaldo
    Masoodi, Shariq R.
    Matsha, Tandi E.
    Mbanya, Jean Claude N.
    McFarlane, Shelly R.
    McGarvey, Stephen T.
    McLachlan, Stela
    McNulty, Breige A.
    Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia
    Meirhaeghe, Aline
    Menezes, Ana Maria B.
    Merat, Shahin
    Meshram, Indrapal I.
    Mi, Jie
    Miquel, Juan Francisco
    Mohamed, Mostafa K.
    Mohammad, Kazem
    Mohan, Viswanathan
    Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
    Moller, Niels C.
    Molnar, Denes
    Mondo, Charles K.
    Moreno, Luis A.
    Morgan, Karen
    Moschonis, George
    Mossakowska, Malgorzata
    Mostafa, Aya
    Mota, Jorge
    Muiesan, Maria L.
    Muller-Nurasyid, Martina
    Mursu, Jaakko
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Namesna, Jana
    Nang, Ei Ei K.
    Nangia, Vinay B.
    Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria
    Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba
    Nervi, Flavio
    Nguyen, Nguyen D.
    Nieto-Martinez, Ramfi S. E.
    Ning, Guang
    Ninomiya, Toshiharu
    Noale, Marianna
    Noto, Davide
    Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M.
    Oh, Kyungwon
    Onat, Altan
    Osmond, Clive
    Otero, Johanna A.
    Palmieri, Luigi
    Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
    Panza, Francesco
    Parsaeian, Mahboubeh
    Peixoto, Sergio Viana
    Pereira, Alexandre C.
    Peters, Annette
    Peykari, Niloofar
    Pilav, Aida
    Pitakaka, Freda
    Piwonska, Aleksandra
    Piwonski, Jerzy
    Plans-Rubio, Pedro
    Porta, Miquel
    Portegies, Marileen L. P.
    Poustchi, Hossein
    Pradeepa, Rajendra
    Price, Jacqueline F.
    Punab, Margus
    Qasrawi, Radwan F.
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Raitakari, Olli
    Rao, Sudha Ramachandra
    Ramachandran, Ambady
    Ramos, Rafel
    Rampal, Sanjay
    Rathmann, Wolfgang
    Redon, Josep
    Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M.
    Rigo, Fernando
    Robinson, Sian M.
    Robitaille, Cynthia
    Rodriguez, Laura A.
    Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando
    Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo
    Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba
    Romaguera, Dora
    Rosengren, Annika
    Rubinstein, Adolfo
    Rui, Ornelas
    Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra
    Rutkowski, Marcin
    Sabanayagam, Charumathi
    Sachdev, Harshpal S.
    Saidi, Olfa
    Sakarya, Sibel
    Salanave, Benoit
    Salonen, Jukka T.
    Salvetti, Massimo
    Sanchez-Abanto, Jose
    Nunes, Renata
    Santos, Rute
    Sardinha, Luis B.
    Scazufca, Marcia
    Schargrodsky, Herman
    Scheidt-Nave, Christa
    Shibuya, Kenji
    Shin, Youchan
    Shiri, Rahman
    Siantar, Rosalynn
    Sibai, Abla M.
    Simon, Mary
    Simons, Judith
    Simons, Leon A.
    Sjostrom, Michael
    Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta
    Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw
    Smeeth, Liam
    Snijder, Marieke B.
    Solfrizzi, Vincenzo
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Soumare, Aicha
    Staessen, Jan A.
    Steene-Johannessen, Jostein
    Stehle, Peter
    Stein, Aryeh D.
    Stessman, Jochanan
    Stockl, Doris
    Stokwiszewski, Jakub
    Strufaldi, Maria Wany
    Sun, Chien-An
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul
    Sy, Rody G.
    Tai, E. Shyong
    Tarawneh, Mohammed
    Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B.
    Thijs, Lutgarde
    Tolstrup, Janne S.
    Topbas, Murat
    Torrent, Maties
    Traissac, Pierre
    Trinh, Oanh T. H.
    Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.
    Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
    Turley, Maria L.
    Tzourio, Christophe
    Ueda, Peter
    Ukoli, Flora M.
    Ulmer, Hanno
    Valdivia, Gonzalo
    Van Valkengoed, Irene G. M.
    Vanderschueren, Dirk
    Vanuzzo, Diego
    Vega, Tomas
    Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo
    Veronesi, Giovanni
    Verschuren, Monique
    Vioque, Jesus
    Virtanen, Jyrki
    Visvikis-Siest, Sophie
    Viswanathan, Bharathi
    Vollenweider, Peter
    Voutilainen, Sari
    Wade, Alisha N.
    Wagner, Aline
    Walton, Janette
    Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan
    Wang, Ming-Dong
    Wang, Ya Xing
    Wannamethee, S. Goya
    Weerasekera, Deepa
    Whincup, Peter H.
    Widhalm, Kurt
    Wiecek, Andrzej
    Wilks, Rainford J.
    Willeit, Johann
    Wojtyniak, Bogdan
    Wong, Tien Yin
    Woo, Jean
    Woodward, Mark
    Wu, Aleksander Giwercman
    Wu, Frederick C.
    Wu, Shou Ling
    Xu, Haiquan
    Yang, Xiaoguang
    Ye, Xingwang
    Yoshihara, Akihiro
    Younger-Coleman, Novie O.
    Zambon, Sabina
    Zargar, Abdul Hamid
    Zdrojewski, Tomasz
    Zhao, Wenhua
    Zheng, Yingfeng
    Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants2015In: LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY, ISSN 2213-8587, Vol. 3, no 8, p. 624-637Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 22.
    Di Cesare, Mariachiara
    et al.
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England.;Middlesex Univ, London N17 8HR, England..
    Bentham, James
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Stevens, Gretchen A.
    WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Zhou, Bin
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Danaei, Goodarz
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Lu, Yuan
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Bixby, Honor
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Cowan, Melanie J.
    WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Riley, Leanne M.
    WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Hajifathalian, Kaveh
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Fortunato, Lea
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Taddei, Cristina
    Univ Florence, Florence, Italy..
    Bennett, James E.
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Ikeda, Nayu
    Natl Inst Hlth & Nutr, Tokyo 162, Japan..
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea..
    Kyobutungi, Catherine
    African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Laxmaiah, Avula
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Li, Yanping
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Lin, Hsien-Ho
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan..
    Miranda, J. Jaime
    Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru..
    Mostafa, Aya
    Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt..
    Turley, Maria L.
    Minist Hlth, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Paciorek, Christopher J.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Gunter, Marc
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Ezzati, Majid
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Abdeen, Ziad A.
    Al Quds Univ, Jerusalem, Israel..
    Hamid, Zargar Abdul
    Ctr Diabet & Endocrine Care, Bengaluru, India..
    Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.
    Birzeit Univ, Bir Zayt, Israel..
    Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin
    Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Rio Grande, Mexico..
    Adams, Robert
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Aekplakorn, Wichai
    Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand..
    Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.
    Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Rio Grande, Mexico..
    Ahmadvand, Alireza
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Ahrens, Wolfgang
    Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Leibniz, Germany..
    Ali, Mohamed M.
    World Hlth Org Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Giza, Egypt..
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Luxembourg, Luxembourg..
    Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain..
    Aly, Eman
    World Hlth Org Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Giza, Egypt..
    Amouyel, Philippe
    Lille Univ & Hosp, Lille, France..
    Amuzu, Antoinette
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Andersen, Lars Bo
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Anderssen, Sigmund A.
    Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    Andrade, Dolores S.
    Univ Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador..
    Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Ariansen, Inger
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
    Aris, Tahir
    Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Arlappa, Nimmathota
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Arveiler, Dominique
    Strasbourg Univ & Hosp, Strasbourg, France..
    Assah, Felix K.
    Univ Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Avdicova, Maria
    Reg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia..
    Azizi, Fereidoun
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Babu, Bontha V.
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Balakrishna, Nagalla
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Bandosz, Piotr
    Med Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland..
    Banegas, Jose R.
    Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain..
    Barbagallo, Carlo M.
    Univ Palermo, I-90133 Palermo, Italy..
    Barcelo, Alberto
    Pan Amer Hlth Org, El Paso, TX USA..
    Barkat, Amina
    Univ Mohammed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco..
    Barros, Mauro V.
    Univ Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil..
    Bata, Iqbal
    Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada..
    Batieha, Anwar M.
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Amman, Jordan..
    Batista, Rosangela L.
    Univ Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Brazil..
    Baur, Louise A.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia..
    Beaglehole, Robert
    Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand..
    Ben Romdhane, Habiba
    Univ Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Benet, Mikhail
    Univ Med Sci, Havana, Cuba..
    Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
    Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru..
    Bernotiene, Gailute
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania..
    Bettiol, Heloisa
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor
    BJ Med Coll, New Delhi, India..
    Bharadwaj, Sumit
    Chirayu Med Coll, Bhopal, India..
    Bhargava, Santosh K.
    Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India..
    Bhatti, Zaid
    Aga Khan Univ, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
    Aga Khan Univ, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Bi, HongSheng
    Shandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Jinan, Peoples R China..
    Bi, Yufang
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China..
    Bjerregaard, Peter
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Bjertness, Espen
    Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway..
    Bjertness, Marius B.
    Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway..
    Bjorkelund, Cecilia
    Gothenburg Univ, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Blake, Margaret
    NatCen Social Res, London, England..
    Blokstra, Anneke
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bo, Simona
    Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy..
    Bobak, Martin
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Boddy, Lynne M.
    Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England..
    Boehm, Bernhard O.
    Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore 639798, Singapore..
    Boeing, Heiner
    German Inst Human Nutr, Berlin, Germany..
    Boissonnet, Carlos P.
    CEMIC, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Bongard, Vanina
    Toulouse Univ, Sch Med, Toulouse, France..
    Bovet, Pascal
    Minist Hlth, Victoria, Seychelles.;Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Braeckman, Lutgart
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Bragt, Marjolijn C. E.
    FrieslandCampina, Singapore, Singapore..
    Brajkovich, Imperia
    Cent Univ Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela..
    Branca, Francesco
    WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Breckenkamp, Juergen
    Univ Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany..
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Berlin, Germany..
    Brewster, Lizzy M.
    Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Brian, Garry R.
    Fred Hollows Fdn New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Bruno, Graziella
    Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy..
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as)
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bugge, Anna
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Burns, Con
    Cork Inst Technol, Cork, Ireland..
    Cabrera de Leon, Antonio
    Univ La Laguna, E-38207 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain..
    Cacciottolo, Joseph
    Univ Malta, Msida, Malta..
    Cama, Tilema
    Minist Hlth, Nukualofa, Tonga..
    Cameron, Christine
    Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Camolas, Jose
    Hosp Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Can, Gunay
    Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey..
    Candido, Ana Paula C.
    Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil..
    Capuano, Vincenzo
    Cardiol Mercato S Severino, Mercato San Severino, Italy..
    Cardoso, Viviane C.
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Carvalho, Maria J.
    Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Casanueva, Felipe F.
    Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain..
    Casas, Juan-Pablo
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Caserta, Carmelo A.
    Assoc Calabrese Epatol, Rome, Italy..
    Castetbon, Katia
    French Inst Hlth Surveillance, Lyon, France..
    Chamukuttan, Snehalatha
    India Diabet Res Fdn, New Delhi, India..
    Chan, Angelique W.
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Chan, Queenie
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Chaturvedi, Himanshu K.
    Natl Inst Med Stat, New Delhi, India..
    Chaturvedi, Nishi
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Chen, Chien-Jen
    Acad Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Chen, Fangfang
    Capital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Chen, Huashuai
    Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA..
    Chen, Shuohua
    Kailuan Gen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Chen, Zhengming
    Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England..
    Cheng, Ching-Yu
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Chetrit, Angela
    Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Chiolero, Arnaud
    Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Chiou, Shu-Ti
    Minist Hlth & Welf, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Chirita-Emandi, Adela
    Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm, Cluj Napoca, Romania..
    Cho, Yumi
    Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seoul, South Korea..
    Christensen, Kaare
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Chudek, Jerzy
    Med Univ Silesia, Katowice, Poland..
    Cifkova, Renata
    Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Claessens, Frank
    Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium..
    Clays, Els
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Concin, Hans
    Agcy Prevent & Social Med, Vienna, Austria..
    Cooper, Cyrus
    Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England..
    Cooper, Rachel
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Coppinger, Tara C.
    Cork Inst Technol, Cork, Ireland..
    Costanzo, Simona
    IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Rome, Italy..
    Cottel, Dominique
    Inst Pasteur, Lille, France..
    Cowell, Chris
    Westmead Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Craig, Cora L.
    Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Crujeiras, Ana B.
    CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain..
    D'Arrigo, Graziella
    CNR, Rome, Italy..
    d'Orsi, Eleonora
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Dallongeville, Jean
    Inst Pasteur, Lille, France..
    Damasceno, Albertino
    Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Maputo, Mozambique..
    Damsgaard, Camilla T.
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Dankner, Rachel
    Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Dauchet, Luc
    Lille Univ Hosp, Lille, France..
    De Backer, Guy
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    De Bacquer, Dirk
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    de Gaetano, Giovanni
    IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Rome, Italy..
    De Henauw, Stefaan
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    De Smedt, Delphine
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Deepa, Mohan
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Deev, Alexander D.
    Natl Res Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Dehghan, Abbas
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Delisle, Helene
    Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada..
    Delpeuch, Francis
    Inst Rech Dev, Lyon, France..
    Dhana, Klodian
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F.
    IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Rome, Italy..
    Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares
    Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil..
    Diaz, Alejandro
    Natl Council Sci & Tech Res, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Djalalinia, Shirin
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Do, Ha T. P.
    Natl Inst Nutr, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Dobson, Annette J.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia..
    Donfrancesco, Chiara
    Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy..
    Doering, Angela
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Doua, Kouamelan
    Minist Sante & Lutte Sida, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire..
    Drygas, Wojciech
    Cardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Warsaw, Poland..
    Egbagbe, Eruke E.
    Univ Benin, Coll Med Sci, Benin, Nigeria..
    Eggertsen, Robert
    Gothenburg Univ, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Ekelund, Ulf
    Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    El Ati, Jalila
    Natl Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Elliott, Paul
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Engle-Stone, Reina
    Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA..
    Erasmus, Rajiv T.
    Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa..
    Erem, Cihangir
    Karadeniz Tech Univ, Trabzon, Turkey..
    Eriksen, Louise
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge
    Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Rio Grande, Mexico..
    Evans, Alun
    Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland..
    Faeh, David
    Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Fall, Caroline H.
    Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.
    Ferguson, Trevor S.
    Univ W Indies, Kingston, Jamaica..
    Fernandez-Berges, Daniel
    Ferrante, Daniel
    Minist Hlth, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Ferrari, Marika
    Council Agr Res & Econ, Rome, Italy..
    Ferreccio, Catterina
    Ferrieres, Jean
    Toulouse Univ, Sch Med, Toulouse, France..
    Finn, Joseph D.
    Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England..
    Fischer, Krista
    Univ Tartu, Tartu, Estonia..
    Monterubio Flores, Eric
    Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Foeger, Bernhard
    Agcy Prevent & Social Med, Vienna, Austria..
    Foo, Leng Huat
    Univ Sains Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia..
    Forslund, Ann-Sofie
    Univ Lulea, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden..
    Fortmann, Stephen P.
    Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Fouad, Heba M.
    Francis, Damian K.
    Franco, Maria do Carmo
    Franco, Oscar H.
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Frontera, Guillermo
    Fuchs, Flavio D.
    Fuchs, Sandra C.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Fujita, Yuki
    Kinki Univ, Fac Med, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577, Japan..
    Furusawa, Takuro
    Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068501, Japan..
    Gaciong, Zbigniew
    Med Univ Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland..
    Gafencu, Mihai
    Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm, Cluj Napoca, Romania..
    Gareta, Dickman
    Garnett, Sarah P.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia..
    Gaspoz, Jean-Michel
    Univ Hosp Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland..
    Gasull, Magda
    Gates, Louise
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Ghasemian, Anoosheh
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Giampaoli, Simona
    Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy..
    Gianfagna, Francesco
    Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy..
    Giovannelli, Jonathan
    Lille Univ Hosp, Lille, France..
    Giwercman, Aleksander
    Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Goldsmith, Rebecca A.
    Gonzalez Gross, Marcela
    Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain..
    Gonzalez Rivas, Juan P.
    Andes Clin Cardiometab Studies, Caracas, Venezuela..
    Bonet Gorbea, Mariano
    Natl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol, Havana, Cuba..
    Gottrand, Frederic
    Univ Lille 2, F-59800 Lille, France..
    -Iversen, Sidsel Graff
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
    Grafnetter, Dusan
    Inst Clin & Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Grajda, Aneta
    Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Warsaw, Poland..
    Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.
    Alexander Technol Educ Inst, Athens, Greece..
    Gregor, Ronald D.
    Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada..
    Grodzicki, Tomasz
    Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland..
    Grontved, Anders
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Gruden, Grabriella
    Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy..
    Grujic, Vera
    Inst Publ Hlth Vojvodina, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Gu, Dongfeng
    Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Guan, Ong Peng
    Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore..
    Gudnason, Vilmundur
    Iceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland..
    Guerrero, Ramiro
    Univ Icesi, Cali, Colombia..
    Guessous, Idris
    Univ Hosp Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland..
    Guimaraes, Andre L.
    Gulliford, Martin C.
    Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England..
    Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna
    Guo, Xiu H.
    Capital Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Guo, Yin
    Capital Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Gupta, Prakash C.
    Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, New Delhi, India..
    Gureje, Oye
    Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Gurzkowska, Beata
    Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Warsaw, Poland..
    Gutierrez, Laura
    Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Gutzwiller, Felix
    Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Halkjaer, Jytte
    Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Hardy, Rebecca
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Kumar, Rachakulla Hari
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Hayes, Alison J.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.;Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA..
    He, Jiang
    Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Hernandez Cadena, Leticia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico..
    Heshmat, Ramin
    Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Ho, Sai Yin
    Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Ho, Suzanne C.
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Hobbs, Michael
    Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia..
    Hofman, Albert
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Hormiga, Claudia M.
    Horta, Bernardo L.
    Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil..
    Houti, Leila
    Univ Oran 1, Oran, Algeria..
    Htay, Thein Thein
    Htet, Aung Soe
    Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway..
    Htike, Maung Maung Than
    Minist Hlth, Naypyidaw, Myanmar..
    Hu, Yonghua
    Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Hussieni, Abdullatif S.
    Birzeit Univ, Bir Zayt, Israel..
    Huu, Chinh Nguyen
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France..
    Hwalla, Nahla
    Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Iacoviello, Licia
    IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Rome, Italy..
    Iannone, Anna G.
    Cardiol Mercato S Severino, Mercato San Severino, Italy..
    Ibrahim, M. Mohsen
    Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt..
    Ikram, M. Arfan
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Irazola, Vilma E.
    Islam, Muhammad
    Aga Khan Univ, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Iwasaki, Masanori
    Niigata Univ, Niigata 95021, Japan..
    Jackson, Rod T.
    Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand..
    Jacobs, Jeremy M.
    Hadassah Univ, Med Ctr, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Jafar, Tazeen
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Jamil, Kazi M.
    Kuwait Inst Scientifi c Res, Kuwait, Kuwait..
    Jamrozik, Konrad
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Jasienska, Grazyna
    Jiang, Chao Qiang
    Guangzhou 12th Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    Joffres, Michel
    Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada..
    Johansson, Mattias
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jorgensen, Torben
    Joshi, Pradeep
    World Hlth Org Country Off, New Delhi, India..
    Juolevi, Anne
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Espoo, Finland..
    Jurak, Gregor
    Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia..
    Juresa, Vesna
    Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia..
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    German Canc Res Ctr, Berlin, Germany..
    Kafatos, Anthony
    Univ Crete, Iraklion, Greece..
    Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra
    Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Kapantais, Efthymios
    Hellen Med Assoc Obes, Iraklion, Greece..
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Katz, Joanne
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Kaur, Prabhdeep
    Natl Inst Epidemiol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Kavousi, Maryam
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Keil, Ulrich
    Univ Munster, Munster, Germany..
    Boker, Lital Keinan
    Univ Haifa, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel..
    Kelishadi, Roya
    Kemper, Han H. C. G.
    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Kengne, Andre P.
    South African Med Res Council, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kersting, Mathilde
    Res Inst Child Nutr FKE, Munich, Germany..
    Key, Timothy
    Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England..
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Amman, Jordan..
    Khalili, Davood
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Khaw, Kay-Tee H.
    Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England..
    Khouw, Ilse M. S. L.
    FrieslandCampina, Singapore, Singapore..
    Kiechl, Stefan
    Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Killewo, Japhet
    Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Tanza, Tanzania..
    Kim, Jeongseon
    Natl Canc Ctr, Seoul, South Korea..
    Kiyohara, Yutaka
    Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan..
    Klimont, Jeannette
    Stat Austria, Vienna, Austria..
    Kolle, Elin
    Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    Kolsteren, Patrick
    Inst Trop Med, Brussels, Belgium..
    Korrovits, Paul
    Tartu Univ Clin, Tartu, Estonia..
    Koskinen, Seppo
    Kouda, Katsuyasu
    Kinki Univ, Fac Med, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577, Japan..
    Koziel, Slawomir
    Polish Acad Sci, Anthropol Unit, Wroclaw, Poland..
    Kratzer, Wolfgang
    Univ Hosp Ulm, Ulm, Germany..
    Krokstad, Steinar
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Oslo, Norway..
    Kromhout, Daan
    Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Kruger, Herculina S.
    North West Univ, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kula, Krzysztof
    Med Univ Lodz, Lodz, Poland..
    Kulaga, Zbigniew
    Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Warsaw, Poland..
    Kumar, R. Krishna
    Amrita Inst Med Sci, Kochi, India..
    Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi 110029, India..
    Kuulasmaa, Kari
    Laamiri, Fatima Zahra
    Univ Mohammed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco..
    Laatikainen, Tiina
    Lachat, Carl
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Laid, Youcef
    Lam, Tai Hing
    Landrove, Orlando
    Lanska, Vera
    Lappas, Georg
    Sahlgrens Acad, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Laugsand, Lars E.
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Oslo, Norway..
    Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen
    Le, Tuyen D.
    Natl Inst Nutr, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Leclercq, Catherine
    Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy..
    Lee, Jeannette
    Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore..
    Lee, Jeonghee
    Natl Canc Ctr, Seoul, South Korea..
    Lehtimaki, Terho
    Tampere Univ Hosp, Tampere, Finland..
    Lekhraj, Rampal
    Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia..
    Leon-Munoz, Luz M.
    Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain..
    Lim, Wei-Yen
    Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore..
    Fernanda Lima-Costa, M.
    Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rene Rachou Res Inst, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil..
    Lin, Xu
    Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Linneberg, Allan
    Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Aalborg, Denmark..
    Lissner, Lauren
    Gothenburg Univ, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Litwin, Mieczyslaw
    Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Lodz, Poland..
    Liu, Jing
    Capital Med Univ, Beijing Anzhen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Lorbeer, Roberto
    Univ Med Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany..
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Eugenio Lozano, Jose
    Consejeria Sanidad Junta Castilla & Leon, Leon, Spain..
    Luksiene, Dalia
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania..
    Lundqvist, Annamari
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Tampere, Finland..
    Lunet, Nuno
    Univ Porto, Sch Med, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Ma, Guansheng
    Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China..
    Machi, Suka
    Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan..
    Maggi, Stefania
    CNR, Pisa, Italy..
    Magliano, Dianna J.
    Baker IDI Heart & Diabet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Makdisse, Marcia
    Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Malhotra, Rahul
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Manios, Yannis
    Harokopio Univ Athens, Athens, Greece..
    Mann, Jim I.
    Univ Otago, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan..
    Manzato, Enzo
    Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy..
    Margozzini, Paula
    Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile..
    Markey, Oonagh
    Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England..
    Marques-Vidal, Pedro
    Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Marrugat, Jaume
    Martin-Prevel, Yves
    Inst Rech Dev, Lyon, France..
    Martorell, Reynaldo
    Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Masoodi, Shariq R.
    Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Jammu, India..
    Matsha, Tandi E.
    Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Mazur, Artur
    Univ Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland..
    Mbanya, Jean Claude N.
    Univ Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    McFarlane, Shelly R.
    McGarvey, Stephen T.
    Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA..
    McKee, Martin
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    McLachlan, Stela
    Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland..
    McLean, Rachael M.
    McNulty, Breige A.
    Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland..
    Yusof, Safiah Md
    Univ Teknol MARA, Serdang, Malaysia..
    Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia
    Meirhaeghe, Aline
    Meisinger, Christa
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Mendes, Larissa L.
    Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil..
    Menezes, Ana Maria B.
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Robert Koch Inst, Berlin, Germany..
    Meshram, Indrapal I.
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Metspalu, Andres
    Univ Tartu, Ulikooli 18, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia..
    Mi, Jie
    Capital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Michaelsen, Kim F.
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Mikkel, Kairit
    Univ Tartu, Ulikooli 18, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia..
    Miller, Jody C.
    Francisco Miquel, Juan
    Jaime Miranda, J.
    Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru..
    Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta
    Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia..
    Mohamed, Mostafa K.
    Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt..
    Mohammad, Kazem
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Mohammadifard, Noushin
    Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Mohan, Viswanathan
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
    Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Molbo, Drude
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Moller, Niels C.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Molnar, Denes
    Univ Pecs, Pecs, Hungary..
    Mondo, Charles K.
    Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda..
    Monterrubio, Eric A.
    Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K.
    Univ Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa..
    Moreira, Leila B.
    Morejon, Alain
    Univ Med Sci, Havana, Cuba..
    Moreno, Luis A.
    Univ Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain..
    Morgan, Karen
    RCSI Dublin, Dublin, Ireland..
    Mortensen, Erik Lykke
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Moschonis, George
    Harokopio Univ Athens, Athens, Greece..
    Mossakowska, Malgorzata
    Mota, Jorge
    Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel
    Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Motta, Jorge
    Gorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, Panama..
    Mu, Thet Thet
    Muiesan, Maria Lorenza
    Univ Brescia, I-25121 Brescia, Italy..
    Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Murphy, Neil
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Mursu, Jaakko
    Univ Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland..
    Murtagh, Elaine M.
    Mary Immaculate Coll, Limerick, Ireland..
    Musa, Kamarul Imran
    Univ Sains Malaysia, Kota Baharu, Malaysia..
    Musil, Vera
    Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia..
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany..
    Nakamura, Harunobu
    Namesna, Jana
    Reg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia..
    Nang, Ei Ei K.
    Nangia, Vinay B.
    Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Nankap, Martin
    Helen Keller Int, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Narake, Sameer
    Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva
    Nenko, Ilona
    Neovius, Martin
    Karolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nervi, Flavio
    Neuhauser, Hannelore K.
    Nguyen, Nguyen D.
    Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Nguyen, Quang Ngoc
    Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E.
    Ning, Guang
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China..
    Ninomiya, Toshiharu
    Nishtar, Sania
    Heartfile, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Noale, Marianna
    Norat, Teresa
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Noto, Davide
    Univ Palermo, I-90133 Palermo, Italy..
    Al Nsour, Mohannad
    Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, Amman, Jordan..
    O'Reilly, Dermot
    Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M.
    Univ Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador..
    Oh, Kyungwon
    Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seoul, South Korea..
    Olayan, Iman H.
    Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Kuwait, Kuwait..
    Anselmo Olinto, Maria Teresa
    Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil..
    Oltarzewski, Maciej
    Omar, Mohd A.
    Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Ordunez, Pedro
    Pan Amer Hlth Org, El Paso, TX USA..
    Ortiz, Ana P.
    Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR USA..
    Osler, Merete
    Osmond, Clive
    MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England..
    Ostojic, Sergej M.
    Univ Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia..
    Otero, Johanna A.
    Overvad, Kim
    Aarhus Univ, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
    Paccaud, Fred Michel
    Padez, Cristina
    Univ Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal..
    Pajak, Andrzej
    Palli, Domenico
    Palloni, Alberto
    Univ Madison Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA..
    Palmieri, Luigi
    Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy..
    Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
    Panza, Francesco
    Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy..
    Parnell, Winsome R.
    Parsaeian, Mahboubeh
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Pednekar, Mangesh S.
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Peixoto, Sergio Viana
    Pereira, Alexandre C.
    Heart Inst InCor, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Perez, Cynthia M.
    Peters, Annette
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Peykari, Niloofar
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Pham, Son Thai
    Pigeot, Iris
    Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Leibniz, Germany..
    Pikhart, Hynek
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Pilav, Aida
    Fed Minist Hlth, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg..
    Pilotto, Lorenza
    Pistelli, Francesco
    Univ Hosp Pisa, Pisa, Italy..
    Pitakaka, Freda
    Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Piwonska, Aleksandra
    Cardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Warsaw, Poland..
    Piwonski, Jerzy
    Plans-Rubio, Pedro
    Poh, Bee Koon
    Publ Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Catalonia, Spain..
    Porta, Miquel
    Portegies, Marileen L. P.
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Poulimeneas, Dimitrios
    Pradeepa, Rajendra
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Prashant, Mathur
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Price, Jacqueline F.
    Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Puiu, Maria
    Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm, Cluj Napoca, Romania..
    Punab, Margus
    Tartu Univ Clin, Tartu, Estonia..
    Qasrawi, Radwan F.
    Al Quds Univ, Jerusalem, Israel..
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Golestan, Iran..
    Bao, Tran Quoc
    Radic, Ivana
    Inst Publ Hlth Vojvodina, Vojvodina, Serbia..
    Radisauskas, Ricardas
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania..
    Rahman, Mahmudur
    Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Raitakari, Olli
    Turku Univ Hosp, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland..
    Raj, Manu
    Rao, Sudha Ramachandra
    Ramachandran, Ambady
    India Diabet Res Fdn, New Delhi, India..
    Ramke, Jacqueline
    Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Ramos, Rafel
    Rampal, Sanjay
    Univ Malaya, Serdang, Malaysia..
    Rasmussen, Finn
    Redon, Josep
    Univ Valencia, E-46003 Valencia, Spain..
    Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M.
    Univ Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines..
    Ribeiro, Robespierre
    Riboli, Elio
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Rigo, Fernando
    Hlth Ctr San Agustin, Madrid, Spain..
    de Wit, Tobias Floris Rinke
    PharmAccess Fdn, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.
    Rivera, Juan A.
    Robinson, Sian M.
    Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England..
    Robitaille, Cynthia
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando
    Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain..
    del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria
    Canarian Hlth Serv, Madrid, Spain..
    Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A.
    Univ Ind Santander, Santander, Colombia..
    Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba
    Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa
    Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand..
    Romaguera, Dora
    CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain..
    Ronkainen, Kimmo
    Rosengren, Annika
    Gothenburg Univ, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Rouse, Ian
    Fiji Natl Univ, Nasinu, Fiji..
    Rubinstein, Adolfo
    Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Ruehli, Frank J.
    Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Rui, Ornelas
    Univ Madeira, Funchal, Portugal..
    Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca
    Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Rio Grande, Mexico..
    Russo Horimoto, Andrea R. V.
    Rutkowski, Marcin
    Med Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland..
    Sabanayagam, Charumathi
    Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore..
    Sachdev, Harshpal S.
    Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India..
    Saidi, Olfa
    Fac Med Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Salanave, Benoit
    French Inst Hlth Surveillance, Lyon, France..
    Salazar Martinez, Eduardo
    Salomaa, Veikko
    Salonen, Jukka T.
    Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland..
    Salvetti, Massimo
    Univ Brescia, I-25121 Brescia, Italy..
    Sanchez-Abanto, Jose
    Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru..
    Sandjaja,
    Sans, Susana
    Catalan Dept Hlth, Madrid, Spain..
    Santos, Diana A.
    Univ Lisbon, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal..
    Santos, Osvaldo
    dos Santos, Renata Nunes
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Santos, Rute
    Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Sardinha, Luis B.
    Univ Lisbon, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal..
    Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
    Saum, Kai-Uwe
    German Canc Res Ctr, Berlin, Germany..
    Savva, Savvas C.
    Res & Educ Inst Child Hlth, Nicosia, Cyprus..
    Scazufca, Marcia
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath
    Schargrodsky, Herman
    Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Schienkiewitz, Anja
    Schmidt, Ida Maria
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Schneider, Ione J.
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Schultsz, Constance
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Schutte, Aletta E.
    MRC North West Univ, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Sein, Aye Aye
    Minist Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand..
    Senbanjo, Idowu O.
    Lagos State Univ, Coll Med, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Shalnova, Svetlana A.
    Natl Res Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Shaw, Jonathan E.
    Shibuya, Kenji
    Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan..
    Shin, Youchan
    Shiri, Rahman
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Espoo, Finland..
    Siantar, Rosalynn
    Sibai, Abla M.
    Silva, Antonio M.
    Univ Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Brazil.;Univ Fed Santa Catarina, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Santos Silva, Diego Augusto
    Simon, Mary
    India Diabet Res Fdn, New Delhi, India..
    Simons, Judith
    St Vincents Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Simons, Leon A.
    Sjostrom, Michael
    Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta
    Med Univ Lodz, Lodz, Poland..
    Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw
    Smeeth, Liam
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Smith, Margaret C.
    Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England..
    Snijder, Marieke B.
    So, Hung-Kwan
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Sobngwi, Eugene
    Univ Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Soderberg, Stefan
    Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden..
    Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E.
    Hlth Polytech Inst, Bandung, Indonesia..
    Solfrizzi, Vincenzo
    Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy..
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Soric, Maroje
    Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia..
    Jerome, Charles Sossa
    Soumare, Aicha
    Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France..
    Staessen, Jan A.
    Univ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium..
    Starc, Gregor
    Stathopoulou, Maria G.
    INSERM, F-75654 Paris 13, France..
    Staub, Kaspar
    Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Stavreski, Bill
    Heart Fdn, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Steene-Johannessen, Jostein
    Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    Stehle, Peter
    Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany..
    Stein, Aryeh D.
    Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Stergiou, George S.
    Sotiria Hosp, Athina, Greece..
    Stessman, Jochanan
    Stieber, Jutta
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Stoeckl, Doris
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Stocks, Tanja
    Stokwiszewski, Jakub
    Natl Inst Hyg, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Warsaw, Poland..
    Stratton, Gareth
    Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    Strufaldi, Maria Wany
    Sun, Chien-An
    Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Sung, Yn-Tz
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Sunyer, Jordi
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain..
    Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul
    Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand..
    Swinburn, Boyd A.
    Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand..
    Sy, Rody G.
    Univ Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines..
    Szponar, Lucjan
    Natl Food & Nutr Inst, Warsaw, Poland..
    Tai, E. Shyong
    Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore..
    Tammesoo, Mari-Liis
    Univ Tartu, Ulikooli 18, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia..
    Tamosiunas, Abdonas
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania..
    Tang, Line
    Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Odense, Denmark..
    Tang, Xun
    Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China..
    Tanser, Frank
    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa..
    Tao, Yong
    Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China..
    Tarp, Jakob
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B.
    Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru..
    Taylor, Anne
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Tchibindat, Felicite
    UNICEF, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Thijs, Lutgarde
    Thuesen, Betina H.
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Odense, Denmark..
    Tolonen, Hanna K.
    Tolstrup, Janne S.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Topbas, Murat
    Karadeniz Tech Univ, Ankara, Turkey..
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland..
    Torrent, Maties
    Traissac, Pierre
    Inst Rech Dev, Lyon, France..
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Alexander Technol Educ Inst, Athens, Greece..
    Trinh, Oanh T. H.
    Trivedi, Atul
    Govt Med Coll, New Delhi, India..
    Tshepo, Lechaba
    Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.
    Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
    Tuomilehto, Jaakko
    Dasman Diabet Inst, Kuwait, Kuwait. Minist Hlth, Hamilton, New Zealand..
    Tynelius, Per
    Karolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Tzotzas, Themistoklis
    Hellen Med Assoc Obes, Athens, Greece..
    Tzourio, Christophe
    Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France..
    Ueda, Peter
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Ukoli, Flora A. M.
    Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN USA..
    Ulmer, Hanno
    Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Unal, Belgin
    Dokuz Eylul Univ, TR-35210 Alsancak, Turkey..
    Valdivia, Gonzalo
    Vale, Susana
    Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Valvi, Damaskini
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    van der Schouw, Yvonne T.
    Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Van Herck, Koen
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Minh, Hoang Van
    van Valkengoed, Irene G. M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Vanderschueren, Dirk
    Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium..
    Vanuzzo, Diego
    Ctr Prevenz Cardiovasc Udine, Udine, Italy..
    Vatten, Lars
    Vega, Tomas
    Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Veronesi, Giovanni
    Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy..
    Verschuren, W. M. Monique
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Viegi, Giovanni
    Viet, Lucie
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Viikari-Juntura, Eira
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Vineis, Paolo
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Vioque, Jesus
    Univ Miguel Hernandez, Madrid, Spain..
    Virtanen, Jyrki K.
    Visvikis-Siest, Sophie
    INSERM, F-75654 Paris 13, France..
    Viswanathan, Bharathi
    Minist Hlth, Victoria, Seychelles..
    Vollenweider, Peter
    Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Voutilainen, Sari
    Vrijheid, Martine
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain..
    Wade, Alisha N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Wagner, Aline
    Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France..
    Walton, Janette
    Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland..
    Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan
    Inst Med Res, Serdang, Malaysia..
    Wang, Ming-Dong
    Wang, Qian
    Xinjiang Med Univ, Xinjiang, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Ya Xing
    Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Wannamethee, S. Goya
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England..
    Weerasekera, Deepa
    Minist Hlth, Hamilton, New Zealand..
    Whincup, Peter H.
    Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England..
    Widhalm, Kurt
    Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria..
    Widyahening, Indah S.
    Univ Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia..
    Wiecek, Andrzej
    Med Univ Silesia, Katowice, Poland..
    Wilks, Rainford J.
    Willeit, Johann
    Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Wojtyniak, Bogdan
    Wong, Jyh Eiin
    Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia..
    Wong, Tien Yin
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Woo, Jean
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Woodward, Mark
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.;Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England..
    Wu, Frederick C.
    Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England..
    Wu, JianFeng
    Shandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Jinan, Peoples R China..
    Wu, Shou Ling
    Kailuan Gen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Haiquan
    Minist Agr, Inst Food & Nutr Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Liang
    Capital Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Yamborisut, Uruwan
    Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand..
    Yan, Weili
    Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Yang, Xiaoguang
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Yardim, Nazan
    Minist Hlth, Ankara, Turkey..
    Ye, Xingwang
    Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Yiallouros, Panayiotis K.
    Cyprus Univ Technol, Limassol, Cyprus..
    Yoshihara, Akihiro
    Niigata Univ, Niigata 95021, Japan..
    You, Qi Sheng
    Younger-Coleman, Novie O.
    Yusoff, Ahmad F.
    Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Zainuddin, Ahmad A.
    Univ Teknol MARA, Serdang, Malaysia..
    Zambon, Sabina
    Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy..
    Zdrojewski, Tomasz
    Med Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland..
    Zeng, Yi
    Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA.;Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Dong
    Capital Med Univ, Beijing Anzhen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Wenhua
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zheng, Yingfeng
    Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore..
    Zhou, Maigeng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zhu, Dan
    Inner Mongolia Med Univ, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China..
    Zimmermann, Esther
    Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark.;Frederiksberg Univ Hosp, Frederiksberg, Denmark..
    Zuniga Cisneros, Julio
    Gorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, Panama..
    Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants2016In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 387, no 10026, p. 1377-1396Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries.

    Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18.5 kg/m(2) [underweight], 18.5 kg/m(2) to <20 kg/m(2), 20 kg/m(2) to <25 kg/m(2), 25 kg/m(2) to <30 kg/m(2), 30 kg/m(2) to <35 kg/m(2), 35 kg/m(2) to <40 kg/m(2), = 40 kg/m(2) [morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue.

    Findings We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19.2 million adult participants (9.9 million men and 9.3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21.7 kg/m(2) (95% credible interval 21.3-22.1) in 1975 to 24.2 kg/m(2) (24.0-24.4) in 2014 in men, and from 22.1 kg/m(2) (21.7-22.5) in 1975 to 24.4 kg/m(2) (24.2-24.6) in 2014 in women. Regional mean BMIs in 2014 for men ranged from 21.4 kg/m(2) in central Africa and south Asia to 29.2 kg/m(2) (28.6-29.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia; for women the range was from 21.8 kg/m(2) (21.4-22.3) in south Asia to 32.2 kg/m(2) (31.5-32.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Over these four decades, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight decreased from 13.8% (10.5-17.4) to 8.8% (7.4-10.3) in men and from 14.6% (11.6-17.9) to 9.7% (8.3-11.1) in women. South Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight in 2014, 23.4% (17.8-29.2) in men and 24.0% (18.9-29.3) in women. Age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 3.2% (2.4-4.1) in 1975 to 10.8% (9.7-12.0) in 2014 in men, and from 6.4% (5.1-7.8) to 14.9% (13.6-16.1) in women. 2.3% (2.0-2.7) of the world's men and 5.0% (4.4-5.6) of women were severely obese (ie, have BMI = 35 kg/m(2)). Globally, prevalence of morbid obesity was 0.64% (0.46-0.86) in men and 1.6% (1.3-1.9) in women.

    Interpretation If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global obesity target is virtually zero. Rather, if these trends continue, by 2025, global obesity prevalence will reach 18% in men and surpass 21% in women; severe obesity will surpass 6% in men and 9% in women. Nonetheless, underweight remains prevalent in the world's poorest regions, especially in south Asia.

  • 23.
    Finnes, Anna
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Psychol, Nobels Väg 9, SE-17165 Solna, Sweden.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Lifestyle and rehabilitation in long term illness.
    Pingel, Ronnie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Dahl, JoAnne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Molin, Linnea
    Uppsala Univ Hosp, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, Berzelius Väg 3, SE-17165 Solna, Sweden.
    Comparing the Efficacy of Multidisciplinary Assessment and Treatment, or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, with Treatment as Usual on Health Outcomes in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave: A Randomised Controlled Trial2021In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 18, no 4, article id 1754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Chronic pain and mental disorders are common reasons for long term sick leave. The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a multidisciplinary assessment and treatment program including acceptance and commitment therapy (TEAM) and stand-alone acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), compared with treatment as usual (Control) on health outcomes in women on long-term sick leave.

    Method: Participants (n = 308), women of working age on long term sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain and/or common mental disorders, were randomized to TEAM (n = 102), ACT (n = 102) or Control (n = 104). Participants in the multidisciplinary assessment treatment program received ACT, but also medical assessment, occupational therapy and social counselling. The second intervention included ACT only. Health outcomes were assessed over 12 months using adjusted linear mixed models. The results showed significant interaction effects for both ACT and TEAM compared with Control in anxiety (ACT [p < 0.05]; TEAM [p < 0.001]), depression (ACT [p < 0.001]; TEAM [p < 0.001]) and general well-being (ACT [p < 0.05]; TEAM [p < 0.001]). For self-rated pain, there was a significant interaction effect in favour of ACT (p < 0.05), and for satisfaction with life in favour of TEAM (p < 0.001).

    Conclusion: Both ACT alone and multidisciplinary assessment and treatment including ACT were superior to treatment as usual in clinical outcomes.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 24.
    Hansson, Ann-Sophie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Restart - Return To Work After Long-tem Sickness Absence From Work: A Quasi-experimental Study2010In: WebmedCentral REHABILITATION, ISSN 2046-1690, Vol. 1, no 12, p. WMC001209-Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: People with long-term sickness absence due to diffuse health problems are difficult to rehabilitate back to work. In this quasi-experimental study 48 individuals with time-limited sickness benefit were recruited to a return to work (RTW) project. The intervention group (30) participated in a 12-month programme based on a cognitive approach with the aim of strengthening the individuals’ self-esteem and empowerment. The reference group (18) received rehabilitation as usual. Methods: Evaluation methods used for the study group were self-reported questionnaires at baseline, before intervention and at follow-up after 1 year. Results: One year after the intervention 27% had returned to full or part-time work and yet another 10% were in work training and 13% in rehabilitation/treatment with an optimistic back to work prognosis. In the reference group only 1 person had partially (25%) returned to work. Subjectively rated health (SRH) and sleep quality improved following the intervention. MADRS scores decreased during the year for the intervention group. The results support the idea that return to work is an important contributor to better self-perceived mental health for people who have been outside the labour market for a long time. Conclusion: The project shows that long-term sickness absence due to diffuse and subjective health problems is not a permanent condition even in participants with substantial work absences periods. In addition, the importance of structured co-operation between the authorities and the project leaders is supported by previous research.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 25. Ingrid, Anderzén
    et al.
    Bravo, Kerstin
    Finnes, Anna
    Lundéen, Carina
    Toreberg, Eva
    Åbrink, Annika
    Molin, Linnea
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Vitalis – Back to Life, Back to Work2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 26.
    James, Stefan K.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Bellavia, Andrea
    Orsini, Nicola
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Cannon, Christopher
    Harrington, Robert
    Himmelmann, Anders
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Renlund, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Time Based Measures Of Treatment Effect: Reassessment Of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel In The Plato Study2016In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ISSN 0735-1097, E-ISSN 1558-3597, Vol. 67, no 13, p. 548-548Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 27.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Creating falseness - How to establish statistical evidence of the untrue2017In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, ISSN 1356-1294, E-ISSN 1365-2753, Vol. 23, no 5, p. 923-927Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Null hypothesis significance testing is the typical statistical approach in search of the truthfulness of hypotheses. This method does not formally consider the prior credence in the hypothesis, which affects the chances of reaching correct conclusions. When scientifically implausible or empirically weakly supported hypotheses are tested, there is an increased risk that a positive finding in a test in fact is false positive. This article argues that when scientifically weakly supported hypotheses are tested repeatedlysuch as when studying the clinical effects of homeopathythe accumulation of false positive study findings will risk providing false evidence also in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. False positive findings are detrimental to science and society, as once published, they accumulate persistent untrue evidence, which risks giving rise to nonpurposive research programmes, policy changes, and promotion of ineffective treatments. The problems with false positive findings are discussed, and advice is given on how to minimize the problem. The standard of evidence of a hypothesis should depend not only on the results of statistical analyses but also on its a priori support. Positive findings from studies investigating hypotheses with poor theoretical and empirical foundations should be viewed as tentative until the results are replicated and/or the hypothesis gains more empirical evidence supporting it as likely to be true.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 28.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Någonting är sjukt2009Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 29.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Någonting är sjukt: reflektioner kring stress, människoöden och vår samtid2009Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 30.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Någoting är sjukt: Reflektioner kring stress, människoöden och vår samtid2009Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 31.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    P in the right place: Revisiting the evidential value of P-values2018In: Journal of evidence-based medicine, ISSN 1756-5391, Vol. 11, no 4, p. 288-291Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    P-values are often calculated when testing hypotheses in quantitative settings, and low P-values are typically used as evidential measures to support research findings in published medical research. This article reviews old and new arguments questioning the evidential value of P-values. Critiques of the P-value include that it is confounded, fickle, and overestimates the evidence against the null. P-values may turn out falsely low in studies due to random or systematic errors. Even correctly low P-values do not logically provide support to any hypothesis. Recent studies show low replication rates of significant findings, questioning the dependability of published low P-values. P-values are poor indicators in support of scientific propositions. P-values must be inferred by a thorough understanding of the study's question, design, and conduct. Null hypothesis significance testing will likely remain an important method in quantitative analysis but may be complemented with other statistical techniques that more straightforwardly address the size and precision of an effect or the plausibility that a hypothesis is true.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 32.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Patienter överskattar statiners preventiva effekt. (In English: Patients overestimate the effect of statins).2010In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 107, no 26, p. 1692-1692Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Power of the Pill: Views about Cardiovascular Risk and the Risk-reducing Effect of Statins2010Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Medical treatments with statins are prescribed to patients with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The benefits from statin treatment are well documented in clinical trials, but long-term adherence in patients is low, indicating that patients have an uncertainty about the necessity and benefits of treatment.

    The aims of this thesis were to investigate how patients and doctors view different aspects of statin treatment. Further aims were to investigate if the cardiovascular risk level in patients affects their views about different aspects of statin treatment. Yet further aims were to compare health behaviours and views about risk factors in patients using statins to a non-treated population.

    Data was obtained from patients (n = 829), doctors (n = 330) and a population sample (n = 720) using postal questionnaires. Views about the effect of statin treatment were assessed in different ways for patients and doctors. Patients based their assessments on their own situation, and doctors’ treatment decisions and assessments of anticipated effect of treatment were based on two hypothetical patient cases.

    The results indicate that patients greatly overestimate the general effect of statins, compared to efficacy results reported from clinical trials. Patients’ previous coronary heart disease or high overall risk were factors not associated with their views and expectations of treatment effect. Statin users with an internally perceived health control and patients satisfied with their doctor’s treatment explanation reported higher beliefs in treatment necessity and benefits. Statin users reported having better health behaviours and generally rated risk factors as more important than the non-treated population. Doctors had suboptimal understanding of the number of patients expected to benefit following five years of statin treatment and had a varying understanding of statins’ ability to prolong life.

    Overall the results illustrate that patients and doctors have different perspectives and views of the benefits from statin treatment which puts emphasis on how statin treatment is discussed in the clinical setting.

    List of papers
    1. Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessments and Health Behaviours in Patients Using Statins Compared to a Non-Treated Population
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessments and Health Behaviours in Patients Using Statins Compared to a Non-Treated Population
    2012 (English)In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, ISSN 1070-5503, E-ISSN 1532-7558, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 134-142Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND

    The perception of cardiovascular risk factors is believed to be associated with a person's willingness to carry out lifestyle changes as well as their willingness to adhere to prescribed preventive medications. Little is known about whether these perceptions differ between statin users and those not using statins, including how these factors relate to health behaviours.

    PURPOSE

    The objective was to investigate and compare the perceptions of known modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients using statins with those of a non-treated population. One further objective was to investigate if statin use was associated with favourable health behaviours.

    METHOD

    Data about health, perception of the importance of cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviours were collected through questionnaires from 829 statin users and 629 non-statin users. Beliefs about risk factors were compared in univariate analyses, and four health behaviours were compared in multivariate regression models.

    RESULTS

    Statin users had better health behaviours in univariate analyses compared to non-statin users. Statin users rated lifestyle-related risk factors as more important contributors for the development of cardiovascular disease than non-statin users. In a multivariate model, statin use was associated with having better eating habits.

    CONCLUSION

    People using statins are more concerned about cardiovascular risk factors compared to non-statin users. The behaviour of taking statins seems to be associated with favourable eating habits.

    Keywords
    risk factor, risk perception, health behaviours, statin treatment
    National Category
    Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
    Research subject
    Social Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122137 (URN)10.1007/s12529-011-9157-6 (DOI)000304399500002 ()21494820 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2010-04-06 Created: 2010-04-06 Last updated: 2017-12-12Bibliographically approved
    2. Patient expectations on lipid-lowering drugs
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patient expectations on lipid-lowering drugs
    2007 (English)In: Patient Education and Counseling, ISSN 0738-3991, E-ISSN 1873-5134, Vol. 67, no 1-2, p. 143-150Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    The objective of this study was to assess expectations of effect when using statins in a treatment population. Further the aim was to examine factors, including history and concurrent risk of coronary heart disease, associated with a higher and lower treatment belief.

    Methods

    Eight hundred and twenty-nine (829) Swedish patients using statins completed postal questionnaires about their health, life style, cardiovascular risk factors and expectation of the treatment. Expected treatment benefit was used as outcome measurement.

    Results

    A medical history of coronary heart disease did not affect treatment expectations. Patients with a high risk of cardiovascular disease reported a slightly lower expectation of the treatment effect at a 10-year perspective (p<0.01) but not at shorter time perspectives. Low satisfaction with the explanation of the purpose of the treatment and a poor perceived control of own health was associated with a more negative view on treatment benefit.

    Conclusion

    The rationale applied by physicians prescribing statins does not seem to relate to the patients’ expectations, whereas factors relating to the patient–physician relationship, the social situation and the perceived control of health seem to affect patient belief.

    Practice implications

    The association between patients’ poor satisfaction of treatment explanation and a low belief in treatment benefits emphasizes the importance of the patient–physician communication. It is suggested that clinical tools are developed in order to identify patients with poor belief in treatment benefit since tailored education for this group might reduce the risk of non-compliance and subsequently reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

    Keywords
    (MeSH), Cholesterol, Patient expectations, Prevention, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-11270 (URN)10.1016/j.pec.2007.03.004 (DOI)000248014200020 ()17433602 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2007-08-21 Created: 2007-08-21 Last updated: 2017-12-11Bibliographically approved
    3. Views on Treatment Necessity, Harm, and Benefits in Patients Using Statins
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Views on Treatment Necessity, Harm, and Benefits in Patients Using Statins
    2010 (English)In: Medical decision making, ISSN 0272-989X, E-ISSN 1552-681X, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 594-609Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND

    Patients with dyslipidemia and high overall risk of ischemic heart disease are those most likely to benefit from treatment with statins. The objective of this study was to investigate patients' views of the necessity, harm, and expected benefits of their statin treatment, as well as factors associated with these treatment beliefs. One main objective was to investigate whether cardiovascular risk level and previous coronary heart disease affect the way patients view these different aspects of their medication.

    METHODS

    A total of 829 statin users were recruited while visiting a pharmacy to collect their statin medication (response rate, 69.4%). Patients returned a questionnaire assessing their medical history, concurrent risk status, social demographic factors, as well as their views and expectations regarding their statin treatment. RESULTS: Previous ischemic heart disease, or high risk of such disease, was not associated with a more favorable notion on statin treatment. Having an internal health locus of control as well as being satisfied with the physician's treatment explanation were factors associated with more positive views on expected treatment effect. The views on necessity, harm, and treatment benefit were closely associated with each other.

    CONCLUSION

    The main findings in this study suggest that cardiovascular risk level and previous coronary heart disease are not associated with the way patients value potential benefits of statin treatment. Patients' views of the treatment's necessity, harm, and benefits do not seem to be independent dimensions of patient beliefs but rather represent one overall question: is this good for me?

    Keywords
    Statins, prevention, patient expectations, patient views, cardiovascular risk
    National Category
    Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
    Research subject
    Social Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112924 (URN)10.1177/0272989X09353196 (DOI)000283174800012 ()20008151 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2010-01-22 Created: 2010-01-22 Last updated: 2017-12-12Bibliographically approved
    4. How do prescribing doctors anticipate the effect of statins?
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>How do prescribing doctors anticipate the effect of statins?
    2011 (English)In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, ISSN 1356-1294, E-ISSN 1365-2753, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 420-428Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives:

    Statins are a lipid-lowering treatment, prescribed frequently to prevent cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to explore how doctors anticipate the effect of statins and what factors are associated with their willingness to initiate treatment.

    Methods:

    A total of 330 Swedish cardiologists, internists and general practitioners were asked to consider two hypothetical patient cases, one with and one without previous coronary heart disease. Based on these cases, the respondents answered questions about their willingness to initiate treatment and what effects they might expect. The expectation of effect was assessed in two ways: (1) the absolute risk reduction of myocardial infarction in 1000 patients treated with statins for 5 years; and (2) statins' average effect on increased life expectancy. The doctors' beliefs about absolute risk reduction were compared with results from clinical trials.

    Results:

    Most doctors had a suboptimal expectation about absolute risk reduction; only about one-third had expectations in the range supported by evidence-based data. There were different views about statins' ability to prolong life: that is, average gain in life expectancy due to treatment was believed to be 2 years in the primary patient case, and 3 years in the second patient case. The doctors' beliefs about statins' ability to prolong life were associated significantly with their willingness to initiate treatment.

    Conclusion:

    The overall results imply that doctors have varying and suboptimal understanding of the effect of statins. This may inhibit the goal of integrating clinical research into clinical practice.

    Keywords
    absolute risk reduction, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, doctors, prevention. statins, treatment expectations
    National Category
    Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
    Research subject
    Social Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122139 (URN)10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01442.x (DOI)000290581000002 ()20545813 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2010-04-06 Created: 2010-04-06 Last updated: 2017-12-12Bibliographically approved
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 34.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Snake oil science: alternativmedicin som snyggt packad placebo2010In: Qvintensen, ISSN 2000-1819, no 3, p. 11-11Article, book review (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 35.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Utvärdering av samverkan i form av beredningsgrupper i primärvården under 20082009Report (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Utvärdering av samverkan med rehabkoordinatorer och kontaktpersoner i primärvården respektive psykiatrin under 2010. Slutrapport.2010Report (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Andersen, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Liljestam Hurtigh, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Kams, Piret
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Vitalis: A randomized intervention and coordination program aimed at Return to Work for women with long term sick leave2014Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 38.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Sjukskrivningsprocessen inom ortopeden, handkirurgen och psykiatrin vid Akademiska sjukhuset2009Report (Other academic)
  • 39.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Berglund, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    A proposal for an additional clinical trial outcome measure assessing preventive effect as delay of events2012In: European Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0393-2990, E-ISSN 1573-7284, Vol. 27, no 12, p. 903-909Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many effect measures used in clinical trials are problematic because they are differentially understood by patients and physicians. The emergence of novel methods such as accelerated failure-time models and quantile regression has shifted the focus of effect measurement from probability measures to time-to-event measures. Such modeling techniques are rapidly evolving, but matching non-parametric descriptive measures are lacking. We propose such a measure, the delay of events, demonstrating treatment effect as a gain in event-free time. We believe this measure to be of value for shared clinical decision-making. The rationale behind the measure is given, and it is conceptually explained using the Kaplan–Meier estimate and the quantile regression framework. A formula for calculation of the delay of events is given. Hypothetical and empirical examples are used to demonstrate the measure. The measure is discussed in relation to other measures highlighting the time effects of preventive treatments. There is a need to further investigate the properties of the measure as well as its role in clinical decision-making.

  • 40.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Burell, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessments and Health Behaviours in Patients Using Statins Compared to a Non-Treated Population2012In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, ISSN 1070-5503, E-ISSN 1532-7558, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 134-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND

    The perception of cardiovascular risk factors is believed to be associated with a person's willingness to carry out lifestyle changes as well as their willingness to adhere to prescribed preventive medications. Little is known about whether these perceptions differ between statin users and those not using statins, including how these factors relate to health behaviours.

    PURPOSE

    The objective was to investigate and compare the perceptions of known modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients using statins with those of a non-treated population. One further objective was to investigate if statin use was associated with favourable health behaviours.

    METHOD

    Data about health, perception of the importance of cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviours were collected through questionnaires from 829 statin users and 629 non-statin users. Beliefs about risk factors were compared in univariate analyses, and four health behaviours were compared in multivariate regression models.

    RESULTS

    Statin users had better health behaviours in univariate analyses compared to non-statin users. Statin users rated lifestyle-related risk factors as more important contributors for the development of cardiovascular disease than non-statin users. In a multivariate model, statin use was associated with having better eating habits.

    CONCLUSION

    People using statins are more concerned about cardiovascular risk factors compared to non-statin users. The behaviour of taking statins seems to be associated with favourable eating habits.

  • 41.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Burell, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Doctors anticipation of statins' effect on life length2011Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Burell, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    How do prescribing doctors anticipate the effect of statins?2011In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, ISSN 1356-1294, E-ISSN 1365-2753, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 420-428Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives:

    Statins are a lipid-lowering treatment, prescribed frequently to prevent cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to explore how doctors anticipate the effect of statins and what factors are associated with their willingness to initiate treatment.

    Methods:

    A total of 330 Swedish cardiologists, internists and general practitioners were asked to consider two hypothetical patient cases, one with and one without previous coronary heart disease. Based on these cases, the respondents answered questions about their willingness to initiate treatment and what effects they might expect. The expectation of effect was assessed in two ways: (1) the absolute risk reduction of myocardial infarction in 1000 patients treated with statins for 5 years; and (2) statins' average effect on increased life expectancy. The doctors' beliefs about absolute risk reduction were compared with results from clinical trials.

    Results:

    Most doctors had a suboptimal expectation about absolute risk reduction; only about one-third had expectations in the range supported by evidence-based data. There were different views about statins' ability to prolong life: that is, average gain in life expectancy due to treatment was believed to be 2 years in the primary patient case, and 3 years in the second patient case. The doctors' beliefs about statins' ability to prolong life were associated significantly with their willingness to initiate treatment.

    Conclusion:

    The overall results imply that doctors have varying and suboptimal understanding of the effect of statins. This may inhibit the goal of integrating clinical research into clinical practice.

  • 43.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Burell, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Kardiovaskulär risk påverkar ej patienters förväntningar på  blodfettssänkande behandling.2007In: Svenska läkaresällskapets handlingar 2007, 2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Burell, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Läkares syn och förväntningar på statinbehandling2008In: Svenska läkaresällskapets handlingar 2008, 2008Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Blodfettssänkande läkemedelsbehandling med statiner är en vanlig preventiv åtgärd. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förskrivande läkares förväntningar på behandlingseffekt och jämföra dessa med effektresultat från kliniska studier samt att undersöka om förskrivarnas kön, medicinska specialitet och arbetsplats påverkar deras förväntningar.

  • 45.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Burell, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences.
    Westerling, Ragnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Views on Treatment Necessity, Harm, and Benefits in Patients Using Statins2010In: Medical decision making, ISSN 0272-989X, E-ISSN 1552-681X, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 594-609Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND

    Patients with dyslipidemia and high overall risk of ischemic heart disease are those most likely to benefit from treatment with statins. The objective of this study was to investigate patients' views of the necessity, harm, and expected benefits of their statin treatment, as well as factors associated with these treatment beliefs. One main objective was to investigate whether cardiovascular risk level and previous coronary heart disease affect the way patients view these different aspects of their medication.

    METHODS

    A total of 829 statin users were recruited while visiting a pharmacy to collect their statin medication (response rate, 69.4%). Patients returned a questionnaire assessing their medical history, concurrent risk status, social demographic factors, as well as their views and expectations regarding their statin treatment. RESULTS: Previous ischemic heart disease, or high risk of such disease, was not associated with a more favorable notion on statin treatment. Having an internal health locus of control as well as being satisfied with the physician's treatment explanation were factors associated with more positive views on expected treatment effect. The views on necessity, harm, and treatment benefit were closely associated with each other.

    CONCLUSION

    The main findings in this study suggest that cardiovascular risk level and previous coronary heart disease are not associated with the way patients value potential benefits of statin treatment. Patients' views of the treatment's necessity, harm, and benefits do not seem to be independent dimensions of patient beliefs but rather represent one overall question: is this good for me?

  • 46.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine. Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine. Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Effectiveness of two vocational rehabilitation programmes in women with long-term sick leave due to pain syndrome or mental illness: 1-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial2017In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 49, no 2, p. 170-177Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Mental illness and chronic pain are common reasons for long-term sick leave, typically more so for women. This study investigated the effects on return to work of 2 vocational rehabilitation programmes. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 308 women were allocated to treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy, to multidisciplinary assessment and individualized rehabilitation interventions, or to a control group. Return-to-work at 12 months was assessed as: (i) returning to health insurance; (ii) number of reimbursed health insurance days during follow-up; (iii) self-reported change in working hours; (iv) a composite measure of self-reported change in work-related engagement. Results: The mean age of the Swedish study population was 48.5 years (standard deviation (SD) 6.3 years) and the mean time on sick leave 7.5 years (SD 3.2 years). There were no significant differences in reimbursed days or returning to the health insurance at 12 months. The multidisciplinary assessment and individualized rehabilitation interventions group, compared with control, reported a significant increase in working hours per week, as well as a significant increase in work-related engagement. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary assessments and individual rehabilitation interventions may improve the chance of return-to-work in women with long-term sick leave due to pain condition or mental illness.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 47.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine. Karolinska Inst, Div Insurance Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hallqvist, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Alexanderson, Kristina
    Karolinska Inst, Div Insurance Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Åhs, Annika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Gender differences in healthcare management of depression: aspects of sick leave and treatment with psychoactive drugs in a Swedish setting2019In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, ISSN 0803-9488, E-ISSN 1502-4725, Vol. 73, no 7, p. 441-450Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate whether women and men diagnosed with depressive disorder were managed equally in terms of being sick-leave certified and being prescribed psychoactive drugs.

    Materials and methods: Data from all patients diagnosed with depression during 2010-2015 in Uppsala county, Sweden (n = 19 448) were used to investigate associations between gender and issued sick-leave certificate, prescriptions of anti-depressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy referrals, at different time points up till 180 days after diagnosis.

    Results: At diagnosis date, 50.1% were prescribed antidepressants; 14.2% anxiolytics; 13.3% hypnotics or sedatives. Corresponding proportion regarding issue of sick-leave certificate among working aged (18-64 years) was 16.6%. Men had higher odds than women of being prescribed antidepressants (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.24); anxiolytics (1.10; 95% CI 1.02-1.21), hypnotics and sedatives (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.00-1.19) and lower odds (among those aged 18-64 years) of being sick-leave certified (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.98) in adjusted regression models. There were subtle changes in ORs for outcomes at 3- and 6-month follow-up periods.

    Conclusions: Men had somewhat higher odds of being prescribed psychoactive drugs and slightly lower odds of being sick-leave certified as compared to women at date when diagnosed with depression. The absolute differences were, however, small and the overall conclusion is that women and men with current diagnosed depressive episode/recurrent depressive disorder are generally managed likewise regarding sick leave and psychoactive treatment.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 48.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Hansson, Ann-Sophie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Sjukförsäkringen: ett decennium av förändring2009In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, Vol. 86, no 6, p. 561-571Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Just before and a few years after the turn of the millennium the burden the health insurance significantly increased in Sweden. This led to several initiatives to understand the causes and to reverse the trends. Government organizations, such as The Scientific Assessment of Health Technology, The National Board of Health and Welfare and The Social Insurance Board all contributed in different ways by producing knowledge, new guidelines as well as by changing their exercise of authority. Together with political reforms these initiatives have been effective in reducing the number of people on medical expenses insurance. If the changes reflect a better public health is, however, uncertain.

  • 49.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Hansson, Ann-Sophie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Återgång till arbete är möjlig för långtidssjukskrivna: Resultat från samverkansprojekt mellan sjukvården och Försäkringskassan2010In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 107, no 22, p. 1480-1482Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Lytsy, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Hansson, Ann-Sophie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Återgång till arbete är möjlig för långtidssjukskrivna: Resultat från samverkansprojekt mellan sjukvården och Försäkringskassan2010In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, no 22, p. 1480-1482Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a need to develop interventions to support returning to work for patients with long-term time sick absence due to diffuse health problems. In a pilot project 30 persons with long sickness absence (mean 6 yrs) met with a motivational coach at three different occasions to go through their life history, present health situation and psychosocial/social situation. An action plan was formed by the participants and was after the intervention communicated to representatives from the social insurance office and the employment office to create a mutual understanding and facilitate the search for an employer. At evaluation after one year 27% of participants had returned to part- or full-time work and another 23% were in work training or rehabilitation activities but with a fairly good prognosis to return to work in the future. Mean MADRS-score and self-rated health had improved at the one-year follow up.

12 1 - 50 of 85
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf