Logotyp: till Uppsala universitets webbplats

We propose the first method that determines the exact worst-case execution time (WCET) for implicit linear model predictive control (MPC). Such WCET bounds are imperative when MPC is used in real time to control safety-critical systems. The proposed method applies when the quadratic programming solver in the MPC controller belongs to a family of well-established active-set solvers. For such solvers, we leverage a previously proposed complexity certification framework to generate a finite set of "archetypal" optimization problems; we prove that these archetypal problems form an execution-time equivalent cover of all possible problems; that is, that they capture the execution time for solving any possible optimization problem that can be encountered online. Hence, by solving just these archetypal problems on the hardware on which the MPC is to be deployed, and by recording the execution times, we obtain the exact WCET. In addition to providing formal proofs of the methods efficacy, we validate the method on an MPC example where an inverted pendulum on a cart is stabilized. The experiments highlight the following advantages compared with classical WCET methods: first, in contrast to classical static methods, our method gives the exact WCET; second, in contrast to classical measurement-based methods, our method guarantees a correct WCET estimate and requires fewer measurements on the hardware.

Det finns många mjukvarusystem som för närvarande används för olika tjänster. För att säkerställa att dessa system fungerar korrekt är det nödvändigt att testa och underhålla dem ordentligt.När ett system växer i omfattning blir det svårare att testa och underhålla, och testverktyg för testselektion och testprioritering som integrerar artificiell intelligens, informationssökning och natural language processing är därför användbara.

I denna rapport utvärderades olika informationssökningsmodeller med hjälp av olika dataset som är baserade på olika filter och förbehandlingsmetoder. Datan tillhandahölls av Westermo Network Technologies AB och representerar ett av deras system. Dataseten innehöll data med information om testresultaten och vilken data som användes för testen.

Resultaten visade att för modeller som inte är tränade för denna data är det mer fördelaktigt att ge dem mindre data som endast är relaterade till testfel. Att ge modellerna tillgång till mer data visade att de gjorde felaktiga kopplingar eftersom data var orelaterad. Resultaten visade också att givet en modell inte var justerad mot data, kunde en enklare modell vara mer effektiv än en mer avancerad modell.

This document presents a machine learning-based system designed for assessing and counteracting phishing cyber-attacks through the analysis of email addresses. The study highlights the limitations of existing anti-phishing solutions, including their lack of transparency, modularity, and flexibility. To address these shortcomings, the proposed system employs an ensemble of machine learning models, with a focus on deep learning techniques. The system architecture consists of three primary components: a RESTful API for data interaction, an analytical layer that processes input data using various models, and a presentation layer that interprets the results. Key features of the system include cross-validation to prevent overfitting, ensemble stacking methods to combine multiple models, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to provide transparency in model predictions. The system's performance is evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and other metrics, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying phishing threats. The document concludes with a discussion on the system's implementation, capabilities, and limitations, setting the groundwork for future improvements in phishing detection technology.

Bakgrund: Blodsmitta definieras som ett smittämne som överförs via blod till blod, de mest förekommande smittvägarna är vid intravenöst narkotikamissbruk eller sexuellt umgänge. De vanligaste blodsmittorna i världen är HIV, hepatit B samt hepatit C. Vårdpersonal kommer regelbundet i kontakt med patienter med blodsmitta och det finns även risk för att de smittas, något som resulterar i att vårdpersonal ibland upplever rädsla vid kontakt med blodsmittade patienter. Globalt upplever många personer med blodsmitta stigmatisering och diskriminering från samhället.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka blodsmittade patienters upplevelser avseende bemötande och omvårdnadshandlingar inom den somatiska vården.

Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på 12 vetenskapliga originalartiklar varav åtta har en kvalitativ design och fyra blandad metod. 

Resultat: Analysen av litteraturstudiens resultat genererade två huvudkategorier och sex underkategorier. Det framgick att många av deltagarna i studierna utsatts för diskriminering och stigmatisering av olika slag när de varit i kontakt med den somatiska vården. Upplevelserna som deltagarna beskriver handlade främst om rädsla och fördomar hos vårdpersonal, bristande hantering av sekretess och patientinformation, dåligt bemötande samt försämrad omvårdnad. Även positiva upplevelser av vården redovisades av flera deltagare. Bra upplevelser av vården förekom främst inom specialistvården där personalen uppgavs ha goda kunskaper om patientens sjukdom.

Slutsats: Det finns stigma och diskriminering bland sjukvårdspersonal som har stora effekter på patienternas upplevelse av vården och vilja att söka vård. Sammanställningen av studierna visar tydligt att det finns en stor brist på kunskap gällande blodsmitta hos vårdpersonal världen över. Det verkar finnas ett samband mellan okunskap och stigmatisering samt rädsla. Därmed finns ett tydligt behov av ökad kunskap hos vårdpersonal gällande blodsmittor. 

Background The FRISC-II trial was the first randomised trial to show a reduction in death or myocardial infarction with an early invasive versus a non-invasive treatment strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Here we provide a remaining lifetime perspective on the effects on all cardiovascular events during 15 years' follow-up. Methods The FRISC-II prospective, randomised, multicentre trial was done at 58 Scandinavian centres in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Between June 17, 1996, and Aug 28, 1998, we randomly assigned (1:1) 2457 patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome to an early invasive treatment strategy, aiming for revascularisation within 7 days, or a non-invasive strategy, with invasive procedures at recurrent symptoms or severe exercise-induced ischaemia. Plasma for biomarker analyses was obtained at randomisation. For long-term outcomes, we linked data with national health-care registers. The primary endpoint was a composite of death or myocardial infarction. Outcomes were compared as the average postponement of the next event, including recurrent events, calculated as the area between mean cumulative count-of-events curves. Analyses were done by intention to treat. Findings At a minimum of 15 years' follow-up on Dec 31, 2014, data for survival status and death were available for 2421 (99%) of the initially recruited 2457 patients, and for other events after 2 years for 2182 (89%) patients. During follow-up, the invasive strategy postponed death or next myocardial infarction by a mean of 549 days (95% CI 204-888; p= 0.0020) compared with the non-invasive strategy. This effect was larger in non-smokers (mean gain 809 days, 95% CI 402-1175; p(interaction) = 0.0182), patients with elevated troponin T (778 days, 357-1165; p (interaction) = 0.0241), and patients with high concentrations of growth differentiation factor-15 (1356 days, 507-1650; p (interaction) = 0.0210). The difference was mainly driven by postponement of new myocardial infarction, whereas the early difference in mortality alone was not sustained over time. The invasive strategy led to a mean of 1128 days (95% CI 830-1366) postponement of death or next readmission to hospital for ischaemic heart disease, which was consistent in all subgroups (p< 0.0001). Interpretation During 15 years of follow-up, an early invasive treatment strategy postponed the occurrence of death or next myocardial infarction by an average of 18 months, and the next readmission to hospital for ischaemic heart disease by 37 months, compared with a non-invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. This remaining lifetime perspective supports that an early invasive treatment strategy should be the preferred option in most patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome.

Background The FRISC-II trial was the first randomised trial to show a reduction in death or myocardial infarction with an early invasive versus a non-invasive treatment strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Here we provide a remaining lifetime perspective on the effects on all cardiovascular events during 15 years' follow-up. Methods The FRISC-II prospective, randomised, multicentre trial was done at 58 Scandinavian centres in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Between June 17, 1996, and Aug 28, 1998, we randomly assigned (1:1) 2457 patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome to an early invasive treatment strategy, aiming for revascularisation within 7 days, or a non-invasive strategy, with invasive procedures at recurrent symptoms or severe exercise-induced ischaemia. Plasma for biomarker analyses was obtained at randomisation. For long-term outcomes, we linked data with national health-care registers. The primary endpoint was a composite of death or myocardial infarction. Outcomes were compared as the average postponement of the next event, including recurrent events, calculated as the area between mean cumulative count-of-events curves. Analyses were done by intention to treat. Findings At a minimum of 15 years' follow-up on Dec 31, 2014, data for survival status and death were available for 2421 (99%) of the initially recruited 2457 patients, and for other events after 2 years for 2182 (89%) patients. During follow-up, the invasive strategy postponed death or next myocardial infarction by a mean of 549 days (95% CI 204-888; p= 0.0020) compared with the non-invasive strategy. This effect was larger in non-smokers (mean gain 809 days, 95% CI 402-1175; p(interaction) = 0.0182), patients with elevated troponin T (778 days, 357-1165; p (interaction) = 0.0241), and patients with high concentrations of growth differentiation factor-15 (1356 days, 507-1650; p (interaction) = 0.0210). The difference was mainly driven by postponement of new myocardial infarction, whereas the early difference in mortality alone was not sustained over time. The invasive strategy led to a mean of 1128 days (95% CI 830-1366) postponement of death or next readmission to hospital for ischaemic heart disease, which was consistent in all subgroups (p< 0.0001). Interpretation During 15 years of follow-up, an early invasive treatment strategy postponed the occurrence of death or next myocardial infarction by an average of 18 months, and the next readmission to hospital for ischaemic heart disease by 37 months, compared with a non-invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. This remaining lifetime perspective supports that an early invasive treatment strategy should be the preferred option in most patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome.