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  • 1. Accordini, S
    et al.
    Corsico, A
    Cerveri, I
    Gislason, D
    Gulsvik, A
    Janson, C
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Jarvis, D
    Marcon, A
    Pin, I
    Vermeire, P
    Almar, E
    Bugiani, M
    Cazzoletti, L
    Duran-Tauleria, E
    Jõgi, R
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Marinoni, A
    Martínez-Moratalla, J
    Leynaert, B
    de Marco, R
    The socio-economic burden of asthma is substantial in Europe2008In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0105-4538, E-ISSN 1398-9995, Vol. 63, no 1, p. 116-124Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the asthma burden in the general population. We evaluated the level and the factors associated with the asthma burden in Europe. METHODS: In 1999-2002, 1152 adult asthmatics were identified in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)-II and the socio-economic burden (reduced activity days and hospital services utilization in the past 12 months) was assessed. RESULTS: The asthmatics with a light burden (only a few reduced activity days) were 13.2% (95% CI: 11.4-15.3%), whereas those with a heavy burden (many reduced activity days and/or hospital services utilization) were 14.0% (95% CI: 12.1-16.1%). The burden was strongly associated with disease severity and a lower quality of life. Obese asthmatics had a significantly increased risk of a light [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.18-4.00] or a heavy burden (RRR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.52-5.05) compared with normal/underweight subjects. The asthmatics with frequent respiratory symptoms showed a threefold (RRR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.63-4.61) and sixfold (RRR = 5.76; 95% CI: 3.25-10.20) increased risk of a light or a heavy burden compared with asymptomatic asthmatics, respectively. Moreover, the lower the forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted, the higher the risk of a heavy burden. The coexistence with chronic cough/phlegm only increased the risk of a heavy burden (RRR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.16-3.06). An interaction was found between gender and IgE sensitization, with nonatopic asthmatic females showing the highest risk of a heavy burden (21.6%; 95% CI: 16.9-27.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The asthma burden is substantial in Europe. A heavy burden is more common in asthmatics with obesity, frequent respiratory symptoms, low lung function, chronic cough/phlegm and in nonatopic females.

  • 2. Accordini, Simone
    et al.
    Corsico, Angelo G.
    Braggion, Marco
    Gerbase, Margaret W.
    Gislason, David
    Gulsvik, Amund
    Heinrich, Joachim
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Jarvis, Deborah
    Jõgi, Rain
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Pin, Isabelle
    Schoefer, Yvonne
    Bugiani, Massimiliano
    Cazzoletti, Lucia
    Cerveri, Isa
    Marcon, Alessandro
    de Marco, Roberto
    The Cost of Persistent Asthma in Europe: An International Population-Based Study in Adults2013In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, ISSN 1018-2438, E-ISSN 1423-0097, Vol. 160, no 1, p. 93-101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: This study is aimed at providing a real-world evaluation of the economic cost of persistent asthma among European adults according to the degree of disease control [as defined by the 2006 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines]. Methods: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study was carried out on 462 patients aged 30-54 years with persistent asthma (according to the 2002 GINA definition), who were identified in general population samples from 11 European countries and examined in clinical settings in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II between 1999 and 2002. The cost estimates were computed from the societal perspective following the bottom-up approach on the basis of rates, wages and prices in 2004 (obtained at the national level from official sources), and were then converted to the 2010 values. Results: The mean total cost per patient was EUR 1,583 and was largely driven by indirect costs (i.e. lost working days and days with limited, not work-related activities 62.5%). The expected total cost in the population aged 30-54 years of the 11 European countries was EUR 4.3 billion (EUR 19.3 billion when extended to the whole European population aged from 15 to 64 years). The mean total cost per patient ranged from EUR 509 (controlled asthma) to EUR 2,281 (uncontrolled disease). Chronic cough or phlegm and having a high BMI significantly increased the individual total cost. Conclusions: Among European adults, the cost of persistent asthma drastically increases as disease control decreases. Therefore, substantial cost savings could be obtained through the proper management of adult patients in Europe.

  • 3. Accordini, Simone
    et al.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Svanes, Cecilie
    Jarvis, Deborah
    The Role of Smoking in Allergy and Asthma: Lessons from the ECRHS2012In: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, ISSN 1529-7322, E-ISSN 1534-6315, Vol. 12, no 3, p. 185-191Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The European Community Respiratory Health Survey is an international multicenter cohort study of asthma, allergy, and lung function that began in the early-1990s with recruitment of population-based samples of 20- to 44-year-old adults, mainly in Europe. The aims of the study are broad ranging but include assessment of the role of in utero exposure to tobacco smoke, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and active smoking on the incidence, prevalence, and prognosis of allergy and asthma. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses looking at these associations have been conducted, sometimes only using information collected in one country, and on other occasions using information collected in all the participating centers. This article summarizes the results from these various publications from this large epidemiologic study.

  • 4. Achenbach, Stephan
    et al.
    Friedrich, Matthias G.
    Nagel, Eike
    Kramer, Christopher M.
    Kaufmann, Philip A.
    Farkhooy, Amir
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Dilsizian, Vasken
    Flachskampf, Frank A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    CV Imaging: What Was New in 2012?2013In: JACC Cardiovascular Imaging, ISSN 1936-878X, E-ISSN 1876-7591, Vol. 6, no 6, p. 714-734Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), cardiac magnetic resonance, and cardiac computed tomography can be used for anatomic and functional imaging of the heart. All 4 methods are subject to continuous improvement. Echocardiography benefits from the more widespread availability of 3-dimensional imaging, strain and strain rate analysis, and contrast applications. SPECT imaging continues to provide very valuable prognostic data, and PET imaging, on the one hand, permits quantification of coronary flow reserve, a strong prognostic predictor, and, on the other hand, can be used for molecular imaging, allowing the analysis of extremely small-scale functional alterations in the heart. Magnetic resonance is gaining increasing importance as a stress test, mainly through perfusion imaging, and continues to provide very valuable prognostic information based on late gadolinium enhancement. Magnetic resonance coronary angiography does not substantially contribute to clinical cardiology at this point in time. Computed tomography imaging of the heart mainly concentrates on the imaging of coronary artery lumen and plaque and has made substantial progress regarding outcome data. In this review, the current status of the 5 imaging techniques is illustrated by reviewing pertinent publications of the year 2012. 

  • 5.
    Ahlström, Isabell
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy.
    Hellström, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Anens, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy.
    Reliability of the Swedish version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (S-ESES): a test-retest study in adults with neurological disease2015In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, ISSN 0959-3985, E-ISSN 1532-5040, Vol. 31, no 3, p. 194-199Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To examine the test-retest reliability of the Swedish translated version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (S-ESES) in people with neurological disease and to examine internal consistency.

    Design: Test-retest study.

    Subjects: A total of 30 adults with neurological diseases including: Parkinson's disease; Multiple Sclerosis; Cervical Dystonia; and Charcot Marie Tooth disease.

    Method: The S-ESES was sent twice by surface mail. Completion interval mean was 16 days apart. Weighted kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient 2,1 [ICC (2,1)], standard error of measurement (SEM), also expressed as a percentage value (SEM%), and Cronbach's alpha were calculated.

    Results: The relative reliability of the test-retest results showed substantial agreement measured using weighted kappa (MD = 0.62) and a very high-reliability ICC (2,1) (0.92). Absolute reliability measured using SEM was 5.3 and SEM% was 20.7. Excellent internal consistency was shown, with an alpha coefficient of 0.91 (test 1) and 0.93 (test 2).

    Conclusion: The S-ESES is recommended for use in research and in clinical work for people with neurological diseases. The low-absolute reliability, however, indicates a limited ability to measure changes on an individual level.

  • 6.
    Ahmadi, Zainab
    et al.
    Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, Div Resp Med & Allergol, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Wysham, Nicholas G.
    Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Ctr Learning Hlth Care, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care,Dept Med, Durham, NC USA..
    Lundstrom, Staffan
    Stockholms Sjukhem Fdn, Palliat Care Serv, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Currow, David C.
    Flinders Univ S Australia, Dept Discipline Palliat & Support Serv, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia..
    Ekstrom, Magnus
    Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, Div Resp Med & Allergol, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.;Flinders Univ S Australia, Dept Discipline Palliat & Support Serv, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia..
    End-of-life care in oxygen-dependent ILD compared with lung cancer: a national population-based study2016In: Thorax, ISSN 0040-6376, E-ISSN 1468-3296, Vol. 71, no 6, p. 510-516Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rationale: Advanced fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is often progressive and associated with a high burden of symptoms and poor prognosis. Little is known about the symptom prevalence and access to palliative care services at end of life (EOL).

    Objectives: Compare prevalence of symptoms and palliative treatments between patients dying with oxygen-dependent ILD and patients dying of lung cancer.

    Methods: Nationwide registry-based cohort study of patients with oxygen-dependent ILD and patients with lung cancer who died between 1 January 2011 and 14 October 2013. Prevalence of symptoms and treatments during the last seven days of life were compared using data in Swedish Registry of Palliative Care.

    Measurements and main results: 285 patients with ILD and 10 822 with lung cancer were included. In ILD, death was more likely to be 'unexpected' (15% vs 4%), less likely to occur in a palliative care setting (17% vs 40%) and EOL discussions with the patients (41% vs 59%) were less common than in lung cancer. Patients with ILD suffered more from breathlessness (75% vs 42%) while patients with lung cancer had more pain (51% vs 73%) (p<0.005 for all comparisons). Patients with ILD had more unrelieved breathlessness, pain and anxiety. The survival time from initiation of oxygen therapy in ILD was a median 8.4 months (IQR 3.4-19.2 months).

    Conclusions: Patients with ILD receive poorer access to specialist EOL care services and experience more breathlessness than patients with lung cancer. This study highlights the need of better EOL care in oxygen-dependent ILD.

  • 7.
    Ahn, Chut Min
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Sandler, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Wegener, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Saldeen, Tom
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Effect of indomethacin on thrombin-induced pulmonary edema in the rat1995In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 100, no 2, p. 125-135Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The preventive effect of indomethacin on thrombin-induced pulmonary edema was studied in rats. Administration of thrombin caused a significant increase in lung weight, wet weight to dry weight ratio (WW/DW), and relative lung water content. During infusion of thrombin, mean pulmonary artery pressure rose and mean systemic artery pressure fell, PaO2 decreased progressively and there was a continuous rise in pH and PaCO2.

    An inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, indomethacin, at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight, induced a significant further increase in lung weight (p<0.05), and a tendency towards an increase in WW/DW and water content compared with animals given thrombin alone. Treatment with indomethacin, however, counteracted the elevated pulmonary artery pressure occurring in the early phase after thrombin infusion, but not that in the late phase. Systemic artery pressure was not affected by indomethacin. The increases in pH and PaCO2 after thrombin infusion were attenuated and remained stable almost at baseline level after indomethacin administration. Indomethacin did not prevent the hypoxemia induced by thrombin infusion.

    In conclusion, although indomethacin prevented the early increase in pulmonary artery pressure due to thrombin and the decrease in pH and the increase in PaCO2, it caused lung vascular permeability to protein to increase more than with thrombin alone.

  • 8.
    Ahn, C.M.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Sandler, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Wegener, T
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Saldeen, Tom
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Effect of ibuprofen on thrombin-induced pulmonary edema in the rat1994In: Pulmonary pharmacology, ISSN 0952-0600, Vol. 7, no 6, p. 393-399Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of ibuprofen on thrombin-induced pulmonary edema was studied in rats. Thrombin infusion produced a significant increase in lung weight, wet weight/dry weight ratio and relative lung water content, a rise in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and a fall in mean systemic arterial pressure. It also caused a progressive decrease in PaO2 and a continuous increase in pH and PaCO2. Administration of either the S-isomer or R-isomer of ibuprofen at doses of 5 mg/kg body weight prior to thrombin infusion resulted in significant reduction in lung weight, wet weight/dry weight ratio and water content. The wet weight/dry weight ratio and the water content were somewhat lower after infusion of the S-isomer than of the R-isomer. Ibuprofen diminished the thrombin-induced increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and attenuated the early and late decrease in mean systemic arterial pressure caused by thrombin. Ibuprofen also stabilized thrombin-induced impairments in PaO2, PaCO2 and pH. The results thus indicate that ibuprofen effectively counteracts hemodynamic changes, stabilizes impairments in arterial blood gas variables and attenuates the increase in lung vascular permeability to protein with pulmonary edema caused by thrombin. The results also indicate a substantial R to S chiral inversion of ibuprofen in vivo in the rat.

  • 9. Akerstedt, T.
    et al.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Gruber, G.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Schwarz, J.
    What does good sleep mean in terms of macro and microstructure of sleep in women and how does age affect this relation?2014In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, Vol. 23, p. 240-240Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Akerstedt, T.
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Gruber, G.
    Siesta Grp, Vienna, Austria..
    Schwarz, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
    The polysomnographical characteristics of women who have sought medical help for sleep problems - a large study of sleep macro and micro architeture2016In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, Vol. 25, p. 90-90Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Al-Shamkhi, Nasrin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Alving, Kjell
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatrics.
    Dahlen, S. E.
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Expt Asthma & Allergy Res Unit, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hedlin, G.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Middelveld, R.
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Expt Asthma & Allergy Res Unit, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Bjerg, A.
    Univ Gothenburg, Krefting Res Ctr, Dept Internal Med & Clin Nutr, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Ekerljung, L.
    Univ Gothenburg, Krefting Res Ctr, Dept Internal Med & Clin Nutr, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Olin, A. C.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sect Occupat & Environm Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Inst Med,Sahlgrenska Acad, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Sommar, J.
    Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med Occupat & Environm Med, Umea, Sweden..
    Forsberg, B.
    Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med Occupat & Environm Med, Umea, Sweden..
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Malinovschi, Andrei
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Important non-disease-related determinants of exhaled nitric oxide levels in mild asthma - results from the Swedish GA(2)LEN study2016In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy, ISSN 0954-7894, E-ISSN 1365-2222, Vol. 46, no 9, p. 1185-1193Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has a potential clinical role in asthma management. Constitutive factors such as age, height and gender, as well as individual characteristics, such as IgE sensitization and smoking, affect the levels of FeNO in population-based studies. However, their effect on FeNO in subjects with asthma has been scarcely studied. Objective To study the effects on FeNO of these commonly regarded determinants, as demonstrated in healthy subjects, as well as menarche age and parental smoking, in a population of asthmatics. Material and Methods Fractional exhaled nitric oxide was measured in 557 subjects with asthma from the Swedish GA(2)LEN study. Allergic sensitization was assessed by skin prick tests to most common aeroallergens. Upper airway comorbidities, smoking habits, smoking exposure during childhood and hormonal status (for women) were questionnaire-assessed. Results Male gender (P < 0.001), greater height (P < 0.001) and sensitization to both perennial allergens and pollen (P < 0.001) are related to higher FeNO levels. Current smoking (P < 0.001) and having both parents smoking during childhood, vs. having neither (P < 0.001) or only one parent smoking (P = 0.002), are related to lower FeNO. Women with menarche between 9 and 11 years of age had lower FeNO than those with menarche between 12 and 14 years of age (P = 0.03) or 15 and 17 years of age (P = 0.003). Conclusions and Clinical relevance Interpreting FeNO levels in clinical practice is complex, and constitutional determinants, as well as smoking and IgE sensitisation, are of importance in asthmatic subjects and should be accounted for when interpreting FeNO levels. Furthermore, menarche age and parental smoking during childhood and their effects on lowering FeNO deserve further studies.

  • 12. Amaral, A F S
    et al.
    Minelli, C
    Guerra, S
    Wjst, M
    Probst-Hensch, N
    Pin, I
    Svanes, C
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Heinrich, J
    Jarvis, D L
    The locus C11orf30 increases susceptibility to poly-sensitization2015In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0105-4538, E-ISSN 1398-9995, Vol. 70, no 3, p. 328-333Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A number of genetic variants have been associated with allergic sensitization, but whether these are allergen specific or increase susceptibility to poly-sensitization is unknown. Using data from the large multicentre population-based European Community Respiratory Health Survey, we assessed the association between 10 loci and specific IgE and skin prick tests to individual allergens and poly-sensitization. We found that the 10 loci associate with sensitization to different allergens in a nonspecific manner and that one in particular, C11orf30-rs2155219, doubles the risk of poly-sensitization (specific IgE/4 allergens: OR = 1.81, 95% CI 0.80-4.24; skin prick test/4+ allergens: OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.34-3.95). The association of rs2155219 with higher levels of expression of C11orf30, which may be involved in transcription repression of interferon-stimulated genes, and its association with sensitization to multiple allergens suggest that this locus is highly relevant for atopy.

  • 13.
    Amaral, Andre F. S.
    et al.
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Resp Epidemiol Occupat Med & Publ Hlth, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Emmanuel Kaye Bldg,1B Manresa Rd, London SW3 6LR, England..
    Newson, Roger B.
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Resp Epidemiol Occupat Med & Publ Hlth, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Emmanuel Kaye Bldg,1B Manresa Rd, London SW3 6LR, England.;Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Abramson, Michael J.
    Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia..
    Anto, Josep M.
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona, Spain.;IMIM Hosp del Mar, Med Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain.;UPF, Barcelona, Spain.;CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain..
    Bono, Roberto
    Univ Turin, Dept Publ Hlth & Pediat, Turin, Italy..
    Corsico, Angelo G.
    Univ Pavia, Div Resp Dis, IRCCS Policlin San Matteo Fdn, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy..
    de Marco, Roberto
    Univ Verona, Unit Epidemiol & Med Stat, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, I-37100 Verona, Italy..
    Demoly, Pascal
    CHU Montpellier, Dept Pulmonol, Div Allergy, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hosp, Paris, France.;INSERM, EPAR Team, UMR S 1136, Paris, France..
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umea Univ, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden..
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.;Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Landspitali, Dept Resp Med & Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Heinrich, Joachim
    Helmholtz Zentrum, Inst Epidemiol 1, Munich, Germany.;Univ Munich, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Environm, Inner City Clin, Univ Hosp Munich, Munich, Germany..
    Huerta, Ismael
    Dept Hlth Asturias, Directorate Gen Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Surveillance Sect, Oviedo, Spain..
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Jogi, Rain
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research. Tartu Univ Hosp, Lung Clin, Tartu, Estonia..
    Kim, Jeong-Lim
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Publich Hlth & Community Med, Sahlgrenska Acad, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Maldonado, Jose
    Univ Hosp Huelva, Unit Clin Management Pneumol & Allergy, Huelva, Spain..
    Rovira, Jesus Martinez-Moratalla
    Univ Hosp Albacete, Unit Pneumol, Albacete, Spain..
    Neukirch, Catherine
    INSERM, UMR1152, Paris, France.;Univ Paris 07, UMR1152, Paris, France..
    Nowak, Dennis
    Univ Munich, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Environm, Inner City Clin, Univ Hosp Munich, Munich, Germany.;German Ctr Lung Res, Munich, Germany..
    Pin, Isabelle
    CHU Grenoble, Pole Couple Enfants, Pediat, F-38043 Grenoble, France.;Inst Albert Bonniot, INSERM, U823, Grenoble, France.;Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France..
    Probst-Hensch, Nicole
    Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland.;Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland..
    Raherison-Semjen, Chantal
    Bordeaux Univ, Inst Publ Hlth & Epidemiol, INSERM, U897, Bordeaux, France..
    Svanes, Cecilie
    Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Bergen, Norway.;Haukeland Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, N-5021 Bergen, Norway..
    Landa, Isabel Urrutia
    Galdakao Hosp, Dept Pneumol, Bizkaia, Spain..
    van Ree, Ronald
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Expt Immunol, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Versteeg, Serge A.
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Expt Immunol, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Weyler, Joost
    Univ Antwerp, Epidemiol & Social Med, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.;Univ Antwerp, StatUA Stat Ctr, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium..
    Zock, Jan-Paul
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona, Spain.;UPF, Barcelona, Spain.;CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain..
    Burney, Peter G. J.
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Resp Epidemiol Occupat Med & Publ Hlth, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Emmanuel Kaye Bldg,1B Manresa Rd, London SW3 6LR, England..
    Jarvis, Deborah L.
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Resp Epidemiol Occupat Med & Publ Hlth, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Emmanuel Kaye Bldg,1B Manresa Rd, London SW3 6LR, England..
    Changes in IgE sensitization and total IgE levels over 20 years of follow-up2016In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0091-6749, E-ISSN 1097-6825, Vol. 137, no 6, p. 1788-1795Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Cross-sectional studies have reported a lower prevalence of sensitization in older adults, but few longitudinal studies have examined whether this is an aging or a year-of-birth cohort effect. Objective: We sought to assess changes in sensitization and total IgE levels in a cohort of European adults as they aged over a 20-year period. Methods: Levels of serum specific IgE to common aeroallergens (house dust mite, cat, and grass) and total IgE levels were measured in 3206 adults from 25 centers in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey on 3 occasions over 20 years. Changes in sensitization and total IgE levels were analyzed by using regression analysis corrected for potential differences in laboratory equipment and by using inverse sampling probability weights to account for nonresponse. Results: Over the 20-year follow-up, the prevalence of sensitization to at least 1 of the 3 allergens decreased from 29.4% to 24.8% (-4.6%; 95% CI, -7.0% to -2.1%). The prevalence of sensitization to house dust mite (-4.3%; 95% CI, -6.0% to -2.6%) and cat (-2.1%; 95% CI, -3.6% to -0.7%) decreased more than sensitization to grass (-0.6%; 95% CI, -2.5% to 1.3%). Age-specific prevalence of sensitization to house dust mite and cat did not differ between year-of-birth cohorts, but sensitization to grass was most prevalent in the most recent ones. Overall, total IgE levels decreased significantly (geometric mean ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.58-0.68) at all ages in all year-of-birth cohorts. Conclusion: Aging was associated with lower levels of sensitization, especially to house dust mite and cat, after the age of 20 years.

  • 14. Amaral, Andre F. S.
    et al.
    Ramasamy, Adaikalavan
    Castro-Giner, Francesc
    Minelli, Cosetta
    Accordini, Simone
    Sorheim, Inga-Cecilie
    Pin, Isabelle
    Kogevinas, Manolis
    Jõgi, Rain
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Balding, David J.
    Norbäck, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Verlato, Giuseppe
    Olivieri, Mario
    Probst-Hensch, Nicole
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Zock, Jan-Paul
    Heinrich, Joachim
    Jarvis, Deborah L.
    Interaction between gas cooking and GSTM1 null genotype in bronchial responsiveness: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey2014In: Thorax, ISSN 0040-6376, E-ISSN 1468-3296, Vol. 69, no 6, p. 558-564Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Increased bronchial responsiveness is characteristic of asthma. Gas cooking, which is a major indoor source of the highly oxidant nitrogen dioxide, has been associated with respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. However, little is known about the effect of gas cooking on bronchial responsiveness and on how this relationship may be modified by variants in the genes GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1, which influence antioxidant defences. Methods The study was performed in subjects with forced expiratory volume in one second at least 70% of predicted who took part in the multicentre European Community Respiratory Health Survey, had bronchial responsiveness assessed by methacholine challenge and had been genotyped for GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1-rs1695. Information on the use of gas for cooking was obtained from interviewer-led questionnaires. Effect modification by genotype on the association between the use of gas for cooking and bronchial responsiveness was assessed within each participating country, and estimates combined using meta-analysis. Results Overall, gas cooking, as compared with cooking with electricity, was not associated with bronchial responsiveness (beta=-0.08, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.25, p=0.648). However, GSTM1 significantly modified this effect (beta for interaction=-0.75, 95% CI - 1.16 to -0.33, p=4x10(-4)), with GSTM1 null subjects showing more responsiveness if they cooked with gas. No effect modification by GSTT1 or GSTP1-rs1695 genotypes was observed. Conclusions Increased bronchial responsiveness was associated with gas cooking among subjects with the GSTM1 null genotype. This may reflect the oxidant effects on the bronchi of exposure to nitrogen dioxide.

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  • 15.
    Amid Hägg, Shadi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Toren, Kjell
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Role of sleep disturbances in occupational accidents among women2015In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, ISSN 0355-3140, E-ISSN 1795-990X, Vol. 41, no 4, p. 368-376Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives This population-based cohort study was performed to assess the association between sleep disturbances and the risk of occupational accidents among women. Methods Data were collected by questionnaires on two different occasions (2000 and 2010) and data on work injuries were also collected from Swedish government records (ISA). Insomnia symptoms were defined as having severe or very severe problems with (i) difficulty initiating sleep, (ii) difficulty maintaining sleep, or (iii) early morning awakening. Symptom of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was defined as reporting both snoring and daytime sleepiness. Working-age respondents (20-67 years of age) who responded to both baseline and follow-up questionnaires and had worked for part or all of the 10-year follow-up period (N=4320) were included in the study. Results Of the subjects responding to the questionnaire, 12.2% reported >= 1 accident and 6.3% reported an accident requiring sick leave in the government register. Blue-collar workers and night and shift work were more common in the group with occupational accidents. Subjects with insomnia symptoms both at baseline and follow-up (persistent insomnia symptoms) ran a higher risk of being involved in an self-reported occupational accident [adjusted OR (ORadj) 1.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-2.0] after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol dependency, white- or blue-collar worker, years at work, night work, and physical activity. Persistent insomnia symptoms did not reach statistical significance as an independent predictor of register-reported occupational accident with sick leave (ORadj 1.4, 95% CI 0.99-2.1). No significant association was found between symptoms of OSAS and self-reported or register-based occupational accidents. Conclusions Persistent insomnia symptoms were associated with an increased risk of self-reported occupational accidents, while no significant association was found with occupational accidents with sick leave reported to government register.

  • 16.
    Amin, Kawa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology. Univ Sulaimani, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Sch Med, Fac Med Sci, Sulaimani, Iraq.
    Allergic Respiratory Inflammation and Remodeling2015In: Turkish Thoracic Journal, ISSN 1302-7808, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 133-140Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Asthma and rhinitis are inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Respiratory inflammation of the adaptive and innate immune system is the focus of this review, and chronic inflammation is not limited to the respiratory tissue. The inflammatory response, which consists of phagocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes, spreads along the respiratory tract, leading to tissue damage. Mast cells and eosinophils are commonly recognized for their detrimental role in allergic reactions on activation through the high- and low-affinity receptors for IgE FcεRI. These cells rapidly produce and secrete many of the mediators responsible for the typical symptoms of asthma and rhinitis. However, increasing amount of evidence demonstrate that mast cells and leukocytes have vital roles in host defense against pathogenesis. Histological methods are used to study leukocytes and receptor expression pattern in different respiratory tract compartments.

    The overall aim of this review was to understand the relationship between upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation and remodeling in patients with allergic and non-allergic asthma and rhinitis. In conclusion, this review discusses the relationship between the upper and lower airway in respiratory disease and focuses on the effect of respiratory processes on laryngeal inflammation, remodeling, function, and symptoms; however, they also have a central role in the initiation of the allergic immune response. Our findings suggest that there are differences that contribute to the development of immunopathological mechanisms of these clinically distinct forms of asthma, rhinitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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  • 17.
    Amin, Kawa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    The role of mast cells in allergic inflammation2012In: Respiratory Medicine, ISSN 0954-6111, E-ISSN 1532-3064, Vol. 106, no 1, p. 9-14Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The histochemical characteristics of human basophils and tissue mast cells were described over a century ago by Paul Ehrlich. When mast cells are activated by an allergen that binds to serum IgE attached to their Fc epsilon RI receptors, they release cytokines, eicosanoids and their secretory granules. Mast cells are now thought to exert critical proinflammatory functions, as well as potential immunoregulatory roles, in various immune disorders through the release of mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, cytokines chemokines, and neutral proteases (chymase and tryptase). The aim of this review is to describe the role of mast cells in allergic inflammation. Mast cells interact directly with bacteria and appear to play a vital role in host defense against pathogens. Drugs, such as glucocorticoids, cyclosporine and cromolyn have been shown to have inhibitory effects on mast cell degranulation and mediator release. This review shows that mast cells play an active role in such diverse diseases as asthma, rhinitis, middle ear infection, and pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, mast cells may not only contribute to the chronic airway inflammatory response, remodeling and symptomatology, but they may also have a central role in the initiation of the allergic immune response, that is providing signals inducing IgE synthesis by B-lymphocytes and inducing Th2 lymphocyte differentiation.

  • 18.
    Amin, Kawa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology. Univ Suleimani, Fac Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol Immunol, Sulaimania, Iraq.
    The Role of the T lymphocytes and Remodeling in Asthma.2016In: Inflammation, ISSN 0360-3997, E-ISSN 1573-2576, Vol. 39, no 4, p. 1475-1482Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In allergic asthma (AA), inflammatory changes in the airway epithelium may contribute to the characteristic pathophysiology and symptoms. The presence of T lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages, the presence of cytokines, and also structural changes in the airway mucous membrane are characteristic for asthma. Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from 33 AA, 25 nonallergic asthma (NAA), and 20 healthy controls (HC). This study used immunohistochemical techniques for identified monoclonal antibodies (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, ECP, MBP, tenascin, and laminin) in the bronchi. The highest number of eosinophils and T lymphocyte cells in bronchial biopsies was found in AA, and NAA. The number of T lymphocytes in AA was significantly higher than in NAA and HC. The degree of epithelial damage was higher in the AA group compared to the other groups. The tenascin- and laminin-positive layers in AA were thicker than other groups. In AA, a significant negative correlation was found between epithelial integrity and the count for eosinophils or T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes and eosinophils in AA were found in the area of epithelial and lamina propria damage. This article suggests that T lymphocytes may not only contribute to the chronic airway inflammatory response, airway remodeling, and symptomatology but may also have a central role at the initiation of the allergic immune response. Th-targeted therapy would be of considerable interest in controlling AA. Having more knowledge on the roles of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation highlights the contributions of these cells in regulating and may lead to a new therapeutic target-AA.

  • 19.
    Amin, Kawa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    H Rasool, Aram
    Hattem, Ali
    AM Al-Karboly, Taha
    E Taher, Taher
    Bystrom, Jonas
    Autoantibody profiles in autoimmune hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C identifies similarities in patients with severe disease2017In: World Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 1007-9327, E-ISSN 2219-2840, Vol. 23, no 8, p. 1345-1352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To determine how the auto-antibodies (Abs) profilesoverlap in chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC) andautoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and correlate to liverdisease.METHODS: Levels of antinuclear Ab, smooth muscle antibody (SMA)and liver/kidney microsomal-1 (LKM-1) Ab and markersof liver damage were determined in the sera of 50 patients with CHC infection, 20 AIH patients and 20healthy controls using enzyme linked immunosorbentassay and other immune assays. RESULTS: We found that AIH patients had more severe liverdisease as determined by elevation of total IgG,alkaline phosphatase, total serum bilirubin and serumtransaminases and significantly higher prevalence ofthe three non-organ-specific autoantibodies (auto-Abs)than CHC patients. Antinuclear Ab, SMA and LKM-1 Abwere also present in 36% of CHC patients and relatedto disease severity. CHC cases positive for auto-Abswere directly comparable to AIH in respect of mostmarkers of liver damage and total IgG. These caseshad longer disease duration compared with auto-Abnegative cases, but there was no difference in gender,age or viral load. KLM-1+ Ab CHC cases showed bestoverlap with AIH. CONCLUSION: Auto-Ab levels in CHC may be important markers ofdisease severity and positive cases have a diseasesimilar to AIH. Auto-Abs might have a pathogenic roleas indicated by elevated markers of liver damage.Future studies will unravel any novel associationsbetween these two diseases, whether genetic or other.

  • 20.
    Amin, Kawa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology. Dept. of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.
    Hurst, David S
    Roomans, Godfried M
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology.
    Venge, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Haematology.
    Sveus, Lahja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology.
    Eosinophils and neutrophils in biopsies from the middle ear of atopic children with otitis media with effusion1999In: Inflammation Research, ISSN 1023-3830, E-ISSN 1420-908X, Vol. 48, no 12, p. 626-631, article id 10669113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN:

    The majority of patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) and atopy have been shown to have elevated levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in their middle ear fluid. The mechanism underlying these elevated levels of ECP is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a quantitative determination of eosinophils and neutrophils in the middle ear lining by specific immunocytochemical markers, in order to study the extent of the involvement of these cells in patients with OME.

    METHODS:

    Bilateral middle ear biopsies from five children with persistent OME and atopy confirmed by in vitro testing were evaluated for the presence of eosinophils and neutrophils with monoclonal antibodies against specific granule proteins. Five subjects who had no signs of effusion or infection but were undergoing routine tympanoplasty for dry perforations served as controls. The biopsies were embedded in a plastic resin to improve the structural preservation of the target cells and to increase the resolution in the light microscope. Dual markers were used to determine which marker was better for eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively. The following markers were used: eosinophil cationic protein (EG2), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) for eosinophils and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) for neutrophils.

    RESULTS:

    Antibodies against EPO gave a more localized and intense staining than antibodies against EG2. Antibodies against HNL appear more specific to neutrophils than antibodies against MPO that also recognize monocytes. The number of cells was determined both in the tissue and in the mucus covering the epithelium. Eosinophils and neutrophils were present in the subepithelial connective tissue and in the mucus blanket in the middle ear of patients with OME in significantly higher number than in the control group. In general, there were more inflammatory cells in the mucus than in the tissue itself, but the number of inflammatory cells in the mucus showed a significant positive correlation with the number of inflammatory cells in the tissue. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of neutrophils and the number of eosinophils in the tissue as well as in the mucus, irrespective of which marker was used.

    CONCLUSION:

    The results of this study show the feasibility of using specific antibodies to identify eosinophils and neutrophils in the middle ear. The initial data suggest that atopic children with OME have higher numbers of such cells as compared to non-OME controls.

  • 21.
    Amin, Kawa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology. Clin Chem & Asthma Res Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden.;Univ Hosp, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Janson, C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Byström, J.
    Queen Mary Univ London, Barts & London, Harvey Res Inst, Expt Med & Rheumatol William, London, England..
    Role of Eosinophil Granulocytes in Allergic Airway Inflammation Endotypes2016In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 84, no 2, p. 75-85Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Eosinophil granulocytes are intriguing members of the innate immunity system that have been considered important defenders during parasitic diseases as well as culprits during allergy-associated inflammatory diseases. Novel studies have, however, found new homoeostasis-maintaining roles for the cell. Recent clinical trials blocking different Th2 cytokines have uncovered that asthma is heterogeneous entity and forms different characteristic endotypes. Although eosinophils are present in allergic asthma with early onset, the cells may not be essential for the pathology. The cells are, however, likely disease causing in asthma with a late onset, which is often associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. Assessment of eosinophilia, fraction exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and periostin are markers that have emerged useful in assessing and monitoring asthma severity and endotype. Current scientific knowledge suggests that eosinophils are recruited by the inflammatory environment, activated by the innate interleukin (IL)-33 and prevented from apoptosis by both lymphocytes and innate immune cells such as type two innate immune cells. Eosinophils contain four specific granule proteins that exhibit an array of toxic and immune-modulatory activates. The granule proteins can be released by different mechanisms. Additionally, eosinophils contain a number of inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators as well as radical oxygen species that might contribute to the disease both by the recruitment of other cells and the direct damage to supporting cells, leading to exacerbations and tissue fibrosis. This review aimed to outline current knowledge how eosinophils are recruited, activated and mediate damage to tissues and therapies used to control the cells.

  • 22.
    Andersson, Mikael
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Accuracy of three activity monitors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A comparison with video recordings2014In: COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, ISSN 1541-2555, E-ISSN 1541-2563, Vol. 11, no 5, p. 560-567Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low physical activity and sedentary behaviour characterise the lives of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using activity monitors, assessment of both aspects are possible, but many outcomes are not well validated. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and equivalency of three activity monitors regarding steps, body position and their ability to differentiate between periods of physical activity and inactivity.

    Fifteen patients with COPD (8 females; median (interquartile range, IQR) age, 64 (59-69) years; forced expiratory volume in one second, 37 (28-48) % predicted; six-minute walk distance, 444 (410-519) m) were enrolled. The DynaPort ADL-monitor, the DynaPort MiniMod monitor and the SenseWear Armband Pro 3 monitor were assessed. Subjects performed a structured protocol alternating physical activity and inactivity while simultaneously wearing all three monitors and being video recorded.

    The mean difference (limits of agreement) in step count from monitors compared to manual step count was -69 (-443 to 305) for the ADL-monitor, -19 (-141 to 103) for the MiniMod and -479 (-855 to -103) for the SenseWear Armband. Compared to the video, the sitting time was 97 (94-100) % when measured by the ADL-monitor and 121 (110-139) % by the MiniMod. Standing time was 114 (107-122) % when measured by the ADL-monitor and 68 (47-106) % by the MiniMod.

    Activity monitors are not equivalent in their abilities to detect steps or body positions. The choice of monitor should be based on the particular outcome of interest. 

  • 23.
    Andersson, Mikael
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Moberg, Linda
    Svantesson, Ulla
    Sundbom, Ann
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy.
    Johansson, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Measuring walking speed in COPD: test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test and comparison with the 6-minute walk test2011In: Primary Care Respiratory Journal, ISSN 1471-4418, E-ISSN 1475-1534, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 434-440Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS:

    To examine test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test (30mWT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to compare the 30mWT with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT).

    METHODS:

    Forty-nine subjects with stable COPD were included. The 30mWT consists of walking at different walking intensities over a distance of 30 metres - self-selected speed (ss-30mWT) and maximal speed (ms-30mWT). The test was conducted twice and the time to walk 30 metres was recorded. The 6MWT was performed in duplicate on the same day.

    RESULTS:

    Test-retest reliability was high: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1) = 0.93 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.97) for maximal walking speed and 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.93) for self-selected walking speed. Both maximal and self-selected speed had a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 0.07 m/s and SEM% was 4.4 for maximal speed and 5.9 for self-selected speed. The correlation, criterion validity, between ms-30mWT and the 6MWT was r=0.78 (p<0.001). Heart rate, dyspnoea, exertion and oxygen saturation were more affected after the 6MWT than after the 30mWT (p<0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS:

    The 30mWT is a reliable submaximal test that is easy to perform and can be used to measure physical function (walking ability) in patients with COPD. It may be well suited for primary care settings.

  • 24.
    Andersson, Mikael
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Slinde, Frode
    Groenberg, Anne Marie
    Svantesson, Ulla
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Physical activity level and its clinical correlates in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study2013In: Respiratory Research, ISSN 1465-9921, E-ISSN 1465-993X, Vol. 14, p. 128-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Decreased physical activity is associated with higher mortality in subjects with COPD. The aim of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and physical activity levels (PALs) in subjects with COPD. Methods: Seventy-three subjects with COPD (67 +/- 7 yrs, 44 female) with one-second forced expiratory volume percentage (FEV1%) predicted values of 43 +/- 16 were included. The ratio of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) was used to define the physical activity level (PAL) (PAL = TEE/RMR). TEE was assessed with an activity monitor (ActiReg), and RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. Walking speed (measured over 30-meters), maximal quadriceps muscle strength, fat-free mass and systemic inflammation were measured as clinical characteristics. Hierarchical linear regression was applied to investigate the explanatory values of the clinical correlates to PAL. Results: The mean PAL was 1.47 +/- 0.19, and 92% of subjects were classified as physically very inactive or sedentary. The walking speed was 1.02 +/- 0.23 m/s, the quadriceps strength was 31.3 +/- 11.2 kg, and the fat-free mass index (FFMI) was 15.7 +/- 2.3 kg/m(2), identifying 42% of subjects as slow walkers, 21% as muscle-weak and 49% as FFM-depleted. The regression model explained 45.5% (p < 0.001) of the variance in PAL. The FEV1% predicted explained the largest proportion (22.5%), with further improvements in the model from walking speed (10.1%), muscle strength (7.0%) and FFMI (3.0%). Neither age, gender nor systemic inflammation contributed to the model. Conclusions: Apart from lung function, walking speed and muscle strength are important correlates of physical activity. Further explorations of the longitudinal effects of the factors characterizing the most inactive subjects are warranted.

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  • 25.
    Andersson, Mikael
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Stridsman, Caroline
    Ronmark, Eva
    Lindberg, Anne
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy.
    Physical activity and fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - A population based study2015In: Respiratory Medicine, ISSN 0954-6111, E-ISSN 1532-3064, Vol. 109, no 8, p. 1048-1057Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), symptoms of fatigue, concomitant heart disease and low physical activity levels are more frequently described than in subjects without COPD. However, there are no population-based studies addressing the relationship between physical activity, fatigue and heart disease in COPD. The aim was to compare physical activity levels among subjects with and without COPD in a population based study, and to evaluate if concomitant heart disease and fatigue was associated to physical activity. Methods: In this, 470 subjects with COPD and 659 subjects without COPD (non-COPD) participated in examinations including structured interview and spirometry. A ratio of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/best of forced vital capacity (FVC) and vital capacity (VC) <0.7 was used to define COPD. Physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and fatigue with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue scale (FACIT-F). Results: The prevalence of low physical activity was higher among subjects with FEV1 <80% predicted compared to non-COPD subjects (22.4% vs. 14.6%, p = 0.041). The factors most strongly associated with low physical activity in subjects with COPD were older age, OR 1.52, (95% CI 1.12-2.06), a history of heart disease, OR 2.11 (1.10-4.08), and clinically significant fatigue, OR 2.33 (1.31-4.13); while obesity was the only significant factor among non-COPD subjects, OR 2.26 (1.17-4.35). Conclusion: Physical activity levels are reduced when lung function is decreased below 80% of predicted, and the factors associated with low physical activity are different among subject with and without COPD. We propose that the presence of fatigue and heart disease are useful to evaluate when identifying subjects for pulmonary rehabilitation.

  • 26. Ando, Hitoshi
    et al.
    Movérare, Robert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Kondo, Yasuto
    Tsuge, Ikuya
    Tanaka, Akira
    Borres, Magnus P.
    Urisu, Atsuo
    Utility of ovomucoid-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic egg allergy2008In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0091-6749, E-ISSN 1097-6825, Vol. 122, no 3, p. 583-588Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Children with allergy to raw egg white might tolerate low amounts of heated egg. Ovomucoid-specific IgE antibodies have been suggested to be predictors of whether children could tolerate heat-treated egg. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the clinical usefulness and added diagnostic value of measurements of IgE antibodies to egg white, ovalbumin, and ovomucoid in children with egg allergy. METHODS: One hundred eight patients (median age, 34.5 months) with suspected egg allergy underwent double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges with raw and heated egg. The outcomes of the challenges were related to the serum concentration of specific IgE antibodies and total IgE by using ImmunoCAP. RESULTS: Reactions to heated egg white were observed in 38 patients (considered allergic to raw and heated egg), 29 patients reacted to only raw egg white, and 41 patients were tolerant. Correlation was observed between the serologic parameters studied. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that egg white ImmunoCAP was useful in the diagnosis of allergy to raw egg white. The positive decision point, based on 95% clinical specificity, was 7.4 kU(A)/L, and the negative decision point, based on 95% clinical sensitivity, was 0.6 kU(A)/L. For reaction to heated egg white, ovomucoid ImmunoCAP was superior. The positive decision point was 10.8 kU(A)/L, and the negative decision point was 1.2 kU(A)/L. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative measurements of specific IgE antibodies to both egg white and ovomucoid and the evaluation against the suggested positive and negative decision points for specific IgE will be useful in the diagnosis of egg allergy.

  • 27. Andreas, Stefan
    et al.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    van den Berge, Maarten
    Lahousse, Lies
    Cardiac impact of inhaled therapy in the largest randomised placebo-controlled trial in COPD history: have we reached the SUMMIT?2016In: ERJ open research, Vol. 2, no 2, article id 00055-2016Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    SUMMIT supports the efficiency and cardiovascular safety of LABA and ICS in COPD patients at cardiovascular risk http://ow.ly/p6Is300ffoc.

  • 28.
    Anens, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Hellström, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy.
    Exploratory Study of Physical Activity in Persons With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease2015In: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0003-9993, E-ISSN 1532-821X, Vol. 96, no 2, p. 260-268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To explore and describe the perceived facilitators and barriers to physical activity, and to examine the physical activity correlates in people with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. Design: Cross-sectional survey study. Setting: Community-living subjects. Participants: Swedish people with CMT disease (N=44; men, 54.5%; median age, 59.5y [interquartile range, 45.3-64.8y]). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: The survey included open-ended questions and standardized self-reported scales measuring physical activity, fatigue, activity limitation, self-efficacy for physical activity, fall-related self-efficacy, social support, and enjoyment of physical activity. Physical activity was measured by the Physical Activity Disability Survey-Revised. Results: Qualitative content analysis revealed that personal factors such as fatigue, poor balance, muscle weakness, and pain were important barriers for physical activity behavior. Facilitators of physical activity were self-efficacy for physical activity, activity-related factors, and assistive devices. Multiple regression analysis showed that self-efficacy for physical activity (beta=.41) and fatigue (beta=-.30) explained 31.8% of the variation in physical activity (F-2,F-40=10.78, P=.000). Conclusions: Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, physical activity in people with CMT disease is very sparsely studied. These new results contribute to the understanding of factors important for physical activity behavior in people with CMT disease and can guide health professionals to facilitate physical activity behavior in this group of patients. (C) 2015 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine

  • 29.
    Anens, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Zetterberg, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy.
    Hellström, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy.
    Physical activity in subjects with multiple sclerosis with focus on gender differences: a survey2014In: BMC Neurology, E-ISSN 1471-2377, Vol. 14, p. 47-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: There is increasing research that examines gender-issues in multiple sclerosis (MS), but little focus has been placed on gender-issues regarding physical activity. The aim of the present study was to describe levels of physical activity, self-efficacy for physical activity, fall-related self-efficacy, social support for physical activity, fatigue levels and the impact of MS on daily life, in addition to investigating gender differences. Methods: The sample for this cross-sectional cohort study consisted of 287 (84 men; 29.3%) adults with MS recruited from the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. A questionnaire was sent to the subjects consisting of the self-administrated measurements: Physical Activity Disability Survey - Revised, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Falls-Efficacy Scale (Swedish version), Social Influences on Physical Activity, Fatigue Severity Scale and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale. Response rate was 58.2%. Results: Men were less physically active, had lower self-efficacy for physical activity and lower fall-related self-efficacy than women. This was explained by men being more physically affected by the disease. Men also received less social support for physical activity from family members. The level of fatigue and psychological consequences of the disease were similar between the genders in the total sample, but subgroups of women with moderate MS and relapsing remitting MS experienced more fatigue than men. Conclusions: Men were less physically active, probably a result of being more physically affected by the disease. Men being more physically affected explained most of the gender differences found in this study. However, the number of men in the subgroup analyses was small and more research is needed. A gender perspective should be considered in strategies for promoting physical activity in subjects with MS, e. g. men may need more support to be physically active.

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  • 30. Anto, J. M.
    et al.
    Sunyer, J.
    Basagana, X.
    Garcia-Esteban, R.
    Cerveri, I.
    de Marco, R.
    Heinrich, J.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Jarvis, D.
    Kogevinas, M.
    Kuenzli, N.
    Leynaert, B.
    Svanes, C.
    Wjst, M.
    Gislason, T.
    Burney, P.
    Risk factors of new-onset asthma in adults: a population-based international cohort study2010In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0105-4538, E-ISSN 1398-9995, Vol. 65, no 8, p. 1021-1030Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    P>Background: The occurrence of new-onset asthma during adulthood is common, but there is insufficient understanding of its determinants including the role of atopy. Objective: To assess the risk factors for the development of new-onset asthma in middle-aged adults and to compare them according to atopy. Methods: A longitudinal analysis of 9175 young adults who participated in two surveys of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) conducted 9 years apart. Findings: We observed 179 cases of new-onset asthma among 4588 participants who were free of asthma and reported at the beginning of the follow-up that they had never had asthma (4.5 per 1000 person-years). In a logistic regression, the following risk factors were found to increase the risk of new-onset asthma: female gender (OR: 1.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38,2.81), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (3.25; 2.19,4.83), atopy (1.55;1.08,2.21), FEV1 < 100 % predicted (1.87;1.34,2.62), nasal allergy (1.98;1.39,2.84) and maternal asthma (1.91;1.13;3.21). Obesity, respiratory infections in early life and high-risk occupations increased the risk of new-onset asthma although we had limited power to confirm their role. Among the atopics, total IgE and sensitization to cat were independently related to the risk of new-onset asthma. The proportion of new-onset asthma attributable to atopy varied from 12% to 21%. Conclusion: Adults reporting that they had never had asthma were at a substantial risk of new-onset asthma as a result of multiple independent risk factors including lung function. Atopy explains a small proportion of new-onset adult asthma.

  • 31. Appelberg, Jonas
    et al.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Pavlenko, Tatjana
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Lung aeration during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea2010In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, ISSN 1475-0961, E-ISSN 1475-097X, Vol. 30, no 4, p. 301-307Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have altered ventilation and lung volumes awake and the results suggest that this may be a determinant of severity of desaturations during sleep. However, little is known about regional lung aeration during sleep in patients with OSA. METHODS: Twelve patients with OSA were included in the study. Computed tomography was used to study regional lung aeration during wakefulness and sleep. Lung aeration was calculated in ml gas/g lung tissue in four different regions of interest (ROI(1-4)), along the border of the lung from ventral to dorsal. RESULTS: Lung aeration in the dorsal (dependent) lung region (ROI(4)) was lower during sleep compared to wakefulness 0.78 +/- 0.19 versus 0.88 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SD) ml gas/g lung tissue (P = 0.005). Associations were found between awake expiratory reserve volume and change in lung aeration from wakefulness to sleep in ROI(4) (r = -0.69; P = 0.012). In addition, the change in lung aeration in the dorsal region correlated to sleep time (r = 0.69; P = 0.014) but not to time in supine position. The difference in lung aeration between inspiration and expiration (i.e. ventilation), was larger in the ventral lung region when expressed as ml gas per g lung tissue. In two patients it was noted that, during on-going obstructive apnoea, lung aeration tended to be increased rather than decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Aeration in the dorsal lung region is reduced during sleep in patients with OSA. The decrease is related to lung volume awake and to sleep time.

  • 32. Arnardottir, E. S.
    et al.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Benediktsdottir, B.
    Juliusson, S.
    Pack, A.
    Gislason, T.
    Frequent Nocturnal Sweating - a Symptom of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort Study2012In: Sleep, ISSN 0161-8105, E-ISSN 1550-9109, Vol. 35, no S, p. A179-A180Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 33. Arnardottir, Erna Sif
    et al.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Bjornsdottir, Erla
    Benediktsdottir, Bryndis
    Juliusson, Sigurdur
    Kuna, Samuel T.
    Pack, Allan I.
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Nocturnal sweating - a common symptom of obstructive sleep apnoea: the Icelandic sleep apnoea cohort2013In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 3, no 5, p. e002795-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of frequent nocturnal sweating in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients compared with the general population and evaluate the possible changes with positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment. Nocturnal sweating can be very bothersome to the patient and bed partner. Design: Case-control and longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Landspitali-The National University Hospital, Iceland. Participants: The Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort consisted of 822 untreated patients with OSA, referred for treatment with PAP. Of these, 700 patients were also assessed at a 2-year follow-up. The control group consisted of 703 randomly selected subjects from the general population. Intervention: PAP therapy in the OSA cohort. Main outcome measures: Subjective reporting of nocturnal sweating on a frequency scale of 1-5: (1) never or very seldom, (2) less than once a week, (3) once to twice a week, (4) 3-5 times a week and (5) every night or almost every night. Full PAP treatment was defined objectively as the use for = 4 h/day and = 5 days/week. Results: Frequent nocturnal sweating (= 3x a week) was reported by 30.6% of male and 33.3% of female OSA patients compared with 9.3% of men and 12.4% of women in the general population (p<0.001). This difference remained significant after adjustment for demographic factors. Nocturnal sweating was related to younger age, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, sleepiness and insomnia symptoms. The prevalence of frequent nocturnal sweating decreased with full PAP treatment (from 33.2% to 11.5%, p<0.003 compared with the change in non-users). Conclusions: The prevalence of frequent nocturnal sweating was threefold higher in untreated OSA patients than in the general population and decreased to general population levels with successful PAP therapy. Practitioners should consider the possibility of OSA in their patients who complain of nocturnal sweating.

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  • 34.
    Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Boman, Gunnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Larsson, Kjell
    Hedenström, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Interval training compared with continuous training in patients with COPD2007In: Respiratory Medicine, ISSN 0954-6111, E-ISSN 1532-3064, Vol. 101, no 6, p. 1196-1204Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to compare the effects of interval training (3-min intervals) with continuous training on peak exercise capacity (W peak), physiological response, functional capacity, dyspnoea, mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate or severe COPD.

    Sixty patients exercised twice weekly for 16 weeks after randomisation to interval- or continuous training. Target intensity was 80% of baseline W peak in the interval group (I-group) and 65% in the continuous group (C-group). Patients were tested by spirometry, ergometer cycle test, cardiopulmonary test and a 12 min walk test. Dyspnoea was measured by the dyspnoea scale from Chronic Obstructive Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ), mental health by Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) and HRQoL by the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36).

    After training, W peak, peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO2 peak) increased significantly in both groups, no significant differences between the groups. Minute ventilation (VE peak) increased only in the C-group. At identical work rates (isotime) VO2, VCO2 and VE were significantly more decreased in the I-group than in the C-group (p<0.05). Functional capacity, dyspnoea, mental health, and HRQoL improved significantly in both groups, no difference between the groups.

    Interval training and continuous training were equally potent in improving peak exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, dyspnoea, mental health and HRQoL in patients with moderate or severe COPD. At isotime, the physiological response to training differed between the groups, in favour of the interval training.

  • 35.
    Arne, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Patients´ Perspectives, Impact of the Disease and Utilization of Spirometry2010Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim of this thesis was to describe subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from different perspectives. Focus was on patients at the time of diagnosis, impact of the disease in comparison to other chronic diseases, factors associated with good health and quality of life (QoL), and diagnostic spirometry in clinical practice.

    Methods: Qualitative method, grounded theory, was used to analyse patients´ perspectives at the time of diagnosis in a primary care setting (n=10). Public health surveys in the general population were used to compare chronic diseases (n=10,755) and analyse factors associated with health outcomes in COPD (n=1,475). Medical records and spirometry reports, from primary and secondary care, were analysed to assess diagnosis of COPD in clinical practice (n=533).

    Results: In clinical practice, 70% of patients at the time of diagnosis of COPD lacked spirometry results confirming the diagnosis. Factors related to consequences of smoking, shame and restrictions in physical activity (PA) in particular, were described by patients at the time of diagnosis of COPD. In general subjects with COPD (84%), rheumatoid arthritis (74%) and diabetes mellitus (72%) had an activity level considered too low to maintain good health. In COPD, the most important factor associated with good health and quality of life was a high level of PA. Odds ratios (OR (95%CI)) varied from 1.90 (1.47-2.44) to 7.57 (4.57-12.55) depending on the degree of PA, where subjects with the highest PA level had the best health and QoL.

    Conclusions: Subjects with COPD need to be diagnosed at an early stage, and health professionals should be aware that feelings of shame could delay patients from seeking care and thus obtaining a diagnosis. The use of spirometry and the diagnostic quality should be emphasised. In patients with COPD greater attention should be directed on increasing the physical activity level, as patients with a low level of physical activity display worse health and quality of life.

    List of papers
    1. COPD patients' perspectives at the time of diagnosis: a qualitative study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>COPD patients' perspectives at the time of diagnosis: a qualitative study
    2007 (English)In: Primary Care Respiratory Journal, ISSN 1471-4418, E-ISSN 1475-1534, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 215-221Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: To gain understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients´ perspectives and perceptions of their disease at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Qualitative study; grounded theory. Ten patients in primary care in Sweden, newly diagnosed with COPD or diagnosed with suspected COPD were interviewed. Results: The analysis created a process model with a core category “Consequences of smoking” and main categories “Shame”, “Appearance of symptoms”, “Adaptation”, “Reflection”, and “Action”. “Restrictions in physical capacity” was a key indicator of evolving disease and “Getting a diagnosis” was crucial for the patient. Conclusions: The COPD patient needs a clear diagnosis at an early stage. It is important to seize the moment when the presumptive COPD patient is receptive towards support and further action. To detect and support the patient, health professionals must be aware of minor symptoms and underlying mechanisms of possible shame.

    Keywords
    COPD, primary health care, qualitative research, shame, smoking
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Research subject
    Lung Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-11790 (URN)10.3132/pcrj.2007.00033 (DOI)17625785 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2007-10-18 Last updated: 2023-07-28Bibliographically approved
    2. Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus
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    2009 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, ISSN 0281-3432, E-ISSN 1502-7724, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 141-147Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Chronic diseases interfere with the life situation of the affected person in different ways. The aim was to compare the burden of disease in three chronic diseases - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM) - and in healthy subjects, with a particular interest in physical activity, quality of life, and psychological health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Postal survey questionnaire to a stratified, random population of 68 460 subjects aged 18-84 years in Sweden. The subjects included were 40-84 years old (n = 43 589) and data were analysed for COPD (n = 526), RA (n = 1120), DM (n = 2149) and healthy subjects (n = 6960). RESULT: Some 84% of subjects with COPD, 74% (RA), 72% (DM), and 60% in healthy subjects (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA, DM, and healthy subjects) had a physical activity level considered too low to maintain good health according to guidelines. Quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, EQ-5D) was lower in COPD and RA than in DM. Anxiety/depression was more common in subjects with COPD (53%) than in those with RA (48%) and DM (35%) (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA and DM), whereas mobility problems were more common in RA (55%) than COPD (48%) and DM (36%) (p < 0.001, RA versus COPD and DM). All differences between groups remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic background factors. CONCLUSION: Subjects with chronic diseases had a low level of physical activity, most evident in subjects with COPD. COPD and RA had a higher negative impact on quality of life than DM. Our results indicate that increased attention regarding physical inactivity in subjects with chronic diseases is needed to minimize the burden of disease.

    Keywords
    COPD, diabetes mellitus, family practice, physical activity, quality of life, rheumatoid arthritis
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Research subject
    Lung Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113808 (URN)10.1080/02813430902808643 (DOI)000269603200004 ()19306158 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2010-02-04 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
    3. Factors associated with good self-rated health and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Factors associated with good self-rated health and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD
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    2011 (English)In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, ISSN 1176-9106, E-ISSN 1178-2005, Vol. 6, p. 511-519Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Recent guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) state that COPD is both preventable and treatable. To gain a more positive outlook on the disease it is interesting to investigate factors associated with good, self-rated health and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD in the population.

    Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, postal survey questionnaires were sent to a stratified, random population in Sweden in 2004 and 2008. The prevalence of subjects (40–84 years) who reported having COPD was 2.1% in 2004 and 2.7% in 2008. Data were analyzed for 1475 subjects. Regression models were used to analyze the associations between health measures (general health status, the General Health Questionnaire, the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire) and influencing factors.

    Results: The most important factor associated with good, self-rated health and quality of life was level of physical activity. Odds ratios for general health varied from 2.4 to 7.7 depending on degree of physical activity, where subjects with the highest physical activity level reported the best health and also highest quality of life. Social support and absence of economic problems almost doubled the odds ratios for better health and quality of life.

    Conclusions: In this population-based public health survey, better self-rated health status and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD was associated with higher levels of physical activity, social support, and absence of economic problems. The findings indicated that of possible factors that could be influenced, promoting physical activity and strengthening social support are important in maintaining or improving the health and quality of life in subjects with COPD. Severity of the disease as a possible confounding effect should be investigated in future population studies.

    Keywords
    COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, health status, physical activity, quality of life, social support
    National Category
    Respiratory Medicine and Allergy
    Research subject
    Lung Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-118332 (URN)10.2147/COPD.S24230 (DOI)000208709800055 ()
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2010-02-23 Last updated: 2017-12-12Bibliographically approved
    4. How often is diagnosis of COPD confirmed with spirometry?
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>How often is diagnosis of COPD confirmed with spirometry?
    Show others...
    2010 (English)In: Respiratory Medicine, ISSN 0954-6111, E-ISSN 1532-3064, Vol. 104, no 4, p. 550-556Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diagnosis is customarily confirmed with spirometry, but there are few studies on documented spirometry use in everyday clinical practice. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey and study of the medical records of primary and secondary care COPD patients aged 18-75 in a Swedish region, patients with COPD were randomly selected from the registers of 56 primary care centres and 14 hospital outpatient clinics. Spirometry data at diagnosis ±6 months were analyzed. Results: From 1,114 patients with COPD, 533 with a new diagnosis of COPD during the four-year study period were identified. In 59% (n=316), spirometry data in connection with diagnosis were found in the medical records. Spirometry data with post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/ vital capacity (VC) ratios were available in 45% (n=241). FEV1/VC ratio <0.70 were found in 160 patients, which corresponds to 30% of the patients with a new diagnosis. Lower age, female gender, current smoking, higher body mass index (BMI) and shorter forced exhalation time were related to COPD diagnosis despite an FEV1/VC ratio of ≥0.70. The most common problem in the quality assessment was an insufficient exhalation time. Conclusions: Only a third of Swedish patients with COPD had their diagnosis confirmed with spirometry. Our data indicate that female gender, current smoking, higher BMI and short exhalation time increase the risk of being diagnosed with COPD without fulfilling the spirometric criteria for the disease.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2010
    Keywords
    COPD, lung function testing, diagnostics
    National Category
    Respiratory Medicine and Allergy
    Research subject
    Lung Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-118330 (URN)10.1016/j.rmed.2009.10.023 (DOI)000276498700010 ()19931443 (PubMedID)
    Projects
    Praxisstudien
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2010-02-22 Last updated: 2017-12-12Bibliographically approved
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    FULLTEXT01
  • 36.
    Arne, Mats
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Janson, Staffan
    Wilde-Larsson, Bodil
    COPD patients' perspectives at the time of diagnosis: a qualitative study2007In: Primary Care Respiratory Journal, ISSN 1471-4418, E-ISSN 1475-1534, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 215-221Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: To gain understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients´ perspectives and perceptions of their disease at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Qualitative study; grounded theory. Ten patients in primary care in Sweden, newly diagnosed with COPD or diagnosed with suspected COPD were interviewed. Results: The analysis created a process model with a core category “Consequences of smoking” and main categories “Shame”, “Appearance of symptoms”, “Adaptation”, “Reflection”, and “Action”. “Restrictions in physical capacity” was a key indicator of evolving disease and “Getting a diagnosis” was crucial for the patient. Conclusions: The COPD patient needs a clear diagnosis at an early stage. It is important to seize the moment when the presumptive COPD patient is receptive towards support and further action. To detect and support the patient, health professionals must be aware of minor symptoms and underlying mechanisms of possible shame.

  • 37.
    Arne, Mats
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology. Primary Care Res Unit, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Emtner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Lisspers, Karin H.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Wadell, Karin
    Ställberg, Björn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Availability of pulmonary rehabilitation in primary care for patients with COPD: a cross-sectional study in Sweden2016In: European clinical respiratory journal, E-ISSN 2001-8525, Vol. 3, article id 31601Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an important, evidence-based component for the management of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In daily practice, the majority of COPD patients are treated in primary care. However, information about the availability of PR in primary care in Sweden is lacking. The aim was to investigate the availability of rehabilitation resources in primary care settings for patients with COPD in Sweden.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive design was applied, using web-based questionnaires sent to all primary care centres in four regions, comprising more than half of the 9.6 million inhabitants of Sweden. The main questionnaire included questions about the content and availability of rehabilitation resources for COPD patients. PR was defined as exercise training and one or more of the following activities: education, nutritional intervention, energy conservation techniques or psychosocial support.

    RESULTS: A total of 381 (55.9%) of the 682 primary care centres answered the main questionnaire. In addition to physicians and nurses, availability of healthcare professionals for rehabilitation in primary care settings was physiotherapists 92.0%, occupational therapists 91.9%, dieticians 83.9% and social workers or psychologists 98.4%. At 23.7% of all centres, PR was not available to COPD patients - neither in primary care nor at hospitals.

    CONCLUSION: Despite high availability of professionals for rehabilitation in primary care settings, about one-quarter of managers at primary care centres stated that their COPD patients had no access to PR. This indicates a need to structure resources for rehabilitation and to present and communicate the available resources within the healthcare system.

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  • 38.
    Arne, Mats
    et al.