Logo: to the web site of Uppsala University

Inom ramen for Energimyndighetens projekt “Spara och bevara” har Högskolan på Gotland bearbetat och översatt kapitel 21 i “2007 ASHRAER HANDBOOK Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning APPLICATIONS”. ASHRAE är namnet på den amerikanska ingenjörsorganisationen American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. baserad i Atlanta i USA. Bearbetningen är gjord av Tekn.Dr. Jan Holmberg vid Högskolan pa Gotland i samarbete med konservator Monika Fjaestad vid Riksantikvarieambetet. Syftet med denna publikation är att på svenska sprida de utomordentligt väl underbyggda översikter av problem att beakta vid förebyggande konservering och energibesparing i historiska hus och kyrkor, som presenteras i kapitel 21.

The use of air-to-air heat pumps in a church has been investigated with respect to preservation aspects and energy efficiency. The paper discusses the general problem and presents the results from a case study. The temperatures, velocities and humidity in the church have been measured for four different heating modes. The study shows that there is a significant potential for energy savings with heat pumps and that temperature distribution and air movements are comparable to conventional heating.

The objective of the present project was to develop and evaluate a solution forstorage of textiles in humid indoor environments, in this case churches. The proposed solution is based on creating a microclimate in the storage cabinets separated from the rest of the building. The cabinets were made air tight and insulated. With the use of a simple control system for conservation heating, the relative humidity can be kept below dangerous levels. The project comprises development and evaluation of textile cabinets in three churches on Gotland, Sweden. Measurements over one year show that cabinets with climate control are a simple and reliable method to prevent mould growth. Overall, the control systems have worked according to expectations. The relative humidity and temperature in the cabinets was maintained within a safe interval.

Läckö Castle is an historic building that has never been permanently heated but has been dehumidifiedsince the early 2000s to house museum collections. The purpose of the work was to evaluate thedehumidification performance and compare the climate with the state of preservation of wooden wallpaintings. Compiled climate recordings for different rooms in the castle from 1997 to 2009, before andduring dehumidification, were used and compared to the outside climate. The RH set point value of 70 % for dehumidification was not reached often, especially in winter with high outside RH. Wood painted witha linseed oil paint performed well, whereas paint containing resin was seriously damaged. It is concludedthat microclimatic differences in relation to dominating wind direction are important. The air exchangeof the building is very decisive for dehumidification efficiency.

How can the public sector eff ectively intervene in and govern urban regenerationin historic environments? Th is report examines three cases of historic industrialstructures recently renewed and (partially) preserved in Norrköping, Baltimoreand Milano. In all cases the public sector in the form of national/federal state,county/state/region and municipal level approached regeneration with a spectrumof policies. Th e report studies how public policy has infl uenced generationeff ects in these formerly industrial districts. In Norrköping a redundant papermill was turned into a conference and symphony hall, in Baltimore an old foundryand machine shop was redeveloped into a mixed cooperative hub for arts andcrafts and housing, and lastly, in Milano a former state owned tobacco manufacturingplant is to be reused as a national center for fi lm making. In all threecases the new uses are defi ned as cultural and creative, in one way or the otherusing the industrial heritage of the place. Historic preservation policy clearly hasa role to play in urban regeneration. Th e selection of policy tools depends on thestructure of the public sector, the possibilities of partnerships and local politicaltraditions. Surprisingly, the Swedish case proved to be much more effi cient whenconsidering partnership, showing that the forms of cooperation in the U.S. casewas more instrumental and poorly adapted to local circumstances. Finally, theauthor ponders over the possibility of historic preservation policies to intervenemore actively in order to contribute to urban regeneration.

Karlstad stift har under 2007 och 2008 genomfört vad man kallar ”Klimatprojektet”. Projektet består av tre delar; energiplanering, underhållsplanering och utbildning.Syftet är att stötta stiftets samfälligheter genom att dels genomföra energikartläggningarav sammanlagt 516 byggnader och dels underhållsplanera drygt 900 byggnader. Alla anställda inom samfälligheterna har dessutom genomgått en grundläggandeutbildning i energi- och miljöfrågor.

Byggnaderna inom Karlstad stift använder idag ca 32 000 MWh energi fördelat påolika energislag där elanvändningen är dominerande med ca 18 000 MWh. Energikartläggningarnavisar att det sammantaget finns en besparingspotential på ca 30 %av energianvändningen med ca 40 % sänkta kostnader som följd genom effektiviseringav energianvändningen och byte av värmekällor.

Underhållsplaneringen har genomförts enligt REPABs modell och samtliga byggnaderhar underhållsplanerats i programmet Summarum. Både energi- och underhållsplaneringenhar framför allt givit bra förutsättningar för att underlätta budgetarbetetinom samfälligheterna.

Under projekttiden har dessutom en bra dialog mellan stift, samfälligheter, konsulter,antikvarier och entreprenörer startat. Man har börjat få en bättre förståelse förvarandras synsätt, framför allt hur man ser på antikvariska aspekter.

Karlstad stift fortsätter nu med att stötta samfälligheterna till exempel genomdriftutbildning för vaktmästare och genom gemensamma upphandlingar av olikaåtgärder och el och man skall dessutom försöka dela med sig av erfarenheter ochmetoder för att sprida kunskaperna om energieffektivisering och underhållsplaneringtill andra stift i landet.

Denna rapport har författats av Mikael Söderström Rosén på KanEnergi Sweden ABmed stöd av Tor Broström vid Högskolan på Gotland som också är beställare avrapporten. Arbetet har genomförts med ekonomiskt stöd från Energimyndighetensforskningsprogram ”Spara och bevara – energieffektivisering i kulturhistoriskt värdefullabyggnader”.

The responsibility to identify, protect, look after and develop cultural and historical values in our surroundings - urban as well as rural - falls on the local authorities. This essay focus on local preserve programs for cultural landscapes in Sweden’s municipalities. Programs for preserving cultural landscapes are important tools in the aim to reach a sustainable development of these values. The object of the essay is to delineate how the municipalities handle cultural landscapes in terms of how cultural and historical values is identified, how the landscape is divided and assessed and how different aspects of intangible and tangible values are taken into consideration. The author has adopted an approach inspired by the academic ethnology where the individual and her identity are focused. In the initial study of relevant literature the essay refers to the ethnologic anthology “Moderna landskap” (Modern Landscapes), which discuss the individual and her mutual connection to the surrounding landscape where she lives. An archeological approach on the same subject is also referred to, as well as the pioneering work “Kulturvårdsprogram för Grangärdsbygden” (Cultural preserve program for Grangärdesbygden) and the Burra Charter. Based on the studied literature as a theoretical frame of reference, local cultural preserve programs for cultural landscapes from four Swedish municipalities are analyzed: Nacka, Vallentuna, Lund and Södertälje.

The guiding principles for the outline of the programs were developed in the end of the 1970’s by the Swedish National Heritage Board and The National Board of Housing, Building and Planning. The aim was to make historical and cultural values a part of the physical planning of society, as4well as to contribute to a preservative attitude towards these values by the public at large.

The analysis of the programs made in plain that all four municipalities have deviated from the ambitions of the National Heritage Board. The programs were supposed to consist partly of a fixed part with a historical analyze of the cultural landscape in the municipality in general as well as selected landscapes, and partly of a plan of action open for revise. Accordingly the preservation programs of cultural landscapes were meant to be an active program but have now turned into a passive document, consisting solely of selected and valued landscapes. And it does not address to the public but act only as an instrument of physical planning. Without plan of action and connection to the public, the municipalities fail to secure a long-term preservation of the landscapes as well as missthe chance to let the programs be a part of the development of the concerned areas. But the programs could work as a solid base in the engagement and responsibility of the public in this matter, concerning historical and cultural values in our cultivated and built environment. The individual is unfortunately missing as a collaborator in the preservation process.

The outline of the four analyzed programs varies. The two programs of Nacka and Vallentuna represent opposite poles. Nacka has produced a traditional preservation program with landscapes delimited selected into narrow areas of high values. The concerned landscapes correspond to a character that is similar to that of cultural reserves. This leads to the risk of future fragmentize of the landscape as a whole, due to the fact that only a small part of the cultural landscape of the municipality is included in the local authorities’ ambition to preserve. The rest is “unexplored regions”. Vallentuna on the other hand has produced a program that characterizes the landscape at whole, at the expense of details such as close descriptions of physical structures.

The tangible presuppose the intangible. A cultural landscape is an intangible fact as well as a tangible, and because of this, the intangible dimension must be regard to in the same way as we today assess tangible values. Public engagement in the preservation process and the consideration of intangible values becomes one and the same aim, because the engagement of the individual can be a method to identify intangible valuesin the cultural landscape. It is also an opportunity to handle the rich information of the landscape, a landscape that work as a vast and complex phenomenon. The responsibility to secure cultural and historical values5in our environment is then no longer a question only for the local authorities; it is a question for one and all.