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Medical professionals are increasingly assuming the role of maker and creator. At the same time, digital innovations, as part of evolving information infrastructures, are becoming increasingly prevalent in healthcare. In this paper, we adopt a Schönian approach to understand how a medical professional, who is not an IS designer by trade, engages in the design of digital practice - turning what may appear as a failed digital innovation effort into a successful design of digital practice. Our inquiry suggests three pragmatic principles that call for further investigation: (a) professionals can make a significant contribution to design work by inventing means for fact-based, reflective engagement with the situation; (b) the reorganization of work practice involves organizational design, information system design, and communication design; and (c) developing design as digital practice entails the development of fact-based design practice and must engage practical theories.

An estimated 450 million people globally do not have access to a fixed or mobile broadband signal. Recently satellite communication companies announced the concept of Megaconstellations which are large networks of inexpensive low Earth-orbiting satellites. These constellations aim to provide internet access across the planet. Many people believe these constellations will offer an opportunity to bridge the digital divide between developed and developing countries. However, according to the UN development agenda, it is crucial to harmonize three core elements: economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection, while achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although many are enthusiastic about the possibility of closing the digital gap, some researchers have concerns about the environmental impacts of these mega-constellations. Some studies explored howsatellites’ mega-constellations would increase the collision rate among space objects. This by increased amount of space debris which would negatively impact the Low Earth Orbit and the planet and thereby would be inconsistent with environmental sustainability. This study aims to investigate this claim by examining the impacts of future capabilities of satellites on offering inclusive healthcare and education systems while investigating their environmental impacts. 

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has led to the emergence of deepfake, digital media that has been manipulated to replace a person's likeness with another. This technology has seen significant improvements, becoming easier to use and producing results increasingly difficult to distinguish from reality. This development has raised ethical discussions surrounding its deceiving nature. Furthermore, deepfakes have had a considerable impact and application on social media, enabling their spread. Despite this, the public discourse on social media, along with its societal and personal values associated with deepfakes, remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining social media discourse and perception surrounding the prominent ethical concerns of deepfakes, and situating these concerns within the broader landscape of AI ethics. Through a qualitative method resembling netnography, 320 posts from Reddit and Youtube were thematically analyzed through a passive observation, along with their respective comment section. The findings reveal various concerns, surrounding misinformation and consent to deeper fears about deepfakes' role in fostering distrust, as well as more abstract apprehensions regarding the technology's abuse and harmful applications. These concerns further revealed how generalized established AI ethical principles might be interpreted in the deepfake context, also showing how and why these principles might be violated by this technology. Particularly it revealed terms how principles such as dignity, transparency, privacy and non-maleficence might be diverged in deepfake applications.

The aim of this thesis is to gain a richer insight into how information security is affected by Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) in combination with cloud computing. This study has come to its conclusion by performing interviews and sending out questionaries that has later been analyzed using current theory. A specification has been established out of this and will serve as a guiding contribution for organisations.

This study investigates the Usability of the podcast service User Interface (UI) of the iOS app Aftonbladet. The method used originates from a heuristic evaluation technique where semi- structured interviews were conducted with users of the podcast service to explore the usability and to find usability problems. The conducted interviews determined that there existed usability problems with the UI and thus, usability heuristics have been violated in the UI.

Nielsen’s Ten Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design and Nielsen’s Severity Ratings for Usability Problems are applied to the interview answers for evaluating the usability of the podcast service UI.

The heuristics that are interpreted as being of critical importance are:

• Heuristic 3. User Control and Freedom 
• Heuristic 4. Consistency and Standards 
• Heuristic 5. Error Prevention 
• Heuristic 6. Recognition rather than Recall 
• Heuristic 7. Flexibility and Efficiency of Use 
• Heuristic 8. Aesthetic and Minimalist Design 
• Heuristic 10. Help and Documentation   

Three out of the ten heuristics were not of critical importance: 

• Heuristic 1. Visibility of System Status 
• Heuristic 2. Match Between System and Real World 
• Heuristic 9. Help Users Recognize, Recover and Diagnose from Errors 

This thesis studies the usability issues of the mobile phone in informal Swedish language learning. The concept of usability is defined by expanding the technical usability attributes of Jakob Nielsen with other recent attributes derived from considering the technical aspects of mobile learning (m-learning). Thus, the ultimate structure of the usability factors that are discussed in this study consists of: accessibility, easy-to-learn, technical design, efficiency and satisfaction. With the support of the relevant previous literature and interview, we research this topic by considering the mobile-assisted language learning (MALL), informal language-learning and usability elements, in order to explore and identify the usability of mobile phone. The goal of this study is to contribute to detailed understanding of mobile phone usage, further identify the usability issues of mobile phones by obtaining both critical and commendatory feedbacks and reflections from the users. For final results, through qualitative research approach, we offered several findings regarding the mobile phone usability with specified reasons.

The field of artificial intelligence has gained much knowledge through the implementation of decision-making systems in video games. One of these systems was the Goal Oriented Action Planning system (GOAP) which directs the behavior of an AI-agent through multiple digital artifacts categorized as goals, actions, and plans. The aim of the thesis is to aid in the understanding and creation of GOAP driven AI-agents in a video game setting to promote research on this topic. The research question of this thesis was about finding out how the GOAP architecture compares to other video game decision-making systems. The theoretical framework introduces the concept of the illusion of intelligence in video games and presents a discussion focused on the different components which make up a GOAP system and other components that support it. Additionally, the theoretical framework explains the need for a comparison between different decision-making systems and explains the social impact of game AI research. The methods section introduces the criteria for the comparison between GOAP and other decision-making systems and presents a comparison process that was driven by a literature review. A GOAP system was designed for this thesis using the unified modeling language and concept maps. It was then implemented using C# code in a free-of-charge game engine called Unity. We present the pseudocode for the implementation of the GOAP system and show that this framework is a modular, customizable, and reusable system that enables AI-agents to create plans from a varied set of actions. Finally, the paper suggests further research within game decision-making AI and emphasizes the importance of game AI research for communities of game developers, hobbyists, and others who could benefit from game AI in their projects. 

Bloatware är förinstallerade applikationer som i många fall kan vara svåra att avinstallera. Målet med denna studie är att undersöka om bloatware påverkar användarens upplevda prestanda av sin mobiltelefon, samt hur en upplevd försämring av mobilens prestanda påverkar en individs benägenhet att investera i en ny mobiltelefon. Tidigare forskning ger inte en universal definition av prestanda, varpå denna studie sammanställer ett ramverk för prestanda av mobiltelefoner som batteritid, responstid och lagringsutrymme. Begränsat lagringsutrymme, långsam responstid och förkortad batteritid påverkar alla telefonens prestanda negativt. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en enkätundersökning om användares upplevelser med sina mobiltelefoner och resultaten fördjupades med hjälp av versions- och lagringsdata för bloatwareapplikationer och androidtelefoner från en sekundär källa. Studien konkluderar att bloatware påverkar den upplevda prestandan genom batteritid, responstid och lagringsutrymme, samt att detta, framförallt sett till responstid, leder till en ökad benägenhet att investera i en ny mobiltelefon. Bloatware har möjligheten att påverka användares upplevelser och investeringsvilja med sina mobiltelefoner samtidigt som det inte går att fastställa att bloatware är den enda bidragande faktorn till den upplevda prestandaförsämringen.  

The COVID-19 pandemic has ensued a wave of work teams making the shift from the office to working entirely virtually. At the centre of this shift are the people. The people are at the heart of any team, and thus this thesis sets out to create a greater understanding of how the leaders and members of three project teams have fared with the shift from working collocated toovirtually. Three interviews consisting of one leader and two team members were conducted per team, totalling nine interviews. The empirical findings were analyzed through the lens of a theoretical framework with a focus on uncovering why, how, and what implications the effects of virtuality have on various team processes. The results show that most challenges pertain to the increased autonomy of team members created by using ICT, and that the role of leadership has been heavily affected with a clear preference for task-focused leadership with relationshipand trust-building not being deemed critical. Multiple team processes have all been affected to a greater or lesser extent, with team members finding themselves having to deal with new requirements being imposed on them as part of the shared leadership that is taking form.

Banking and insurance companies in the Swedish market are moving away from their traditional local applications and have started the big migration to the cloud. Many difficulties need to be considered and the purpose of this study was therefore to contribute with knowledge about which risks can be identified to the execution of moving local applications to a cloud environment. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted on respondents in different organizational roles, at different companies, with insight and knowledge of the risks of migration from different perspectives. The material was then analyzed abductively. The study confirms risks identified by previous research and identifies two new risks. Among a total of nine identified risks, risks related to information security, lost access to data, competence, the financial, and legal and regulatory compliance were the most prominent. The study concludes with suggestions for future research.

Today's rapid technological development in relation with social networks create efficient information flows in everyday life. It creates conditions for so-called "hypes" that are described as an exponentially growing trend of testing a new product. What factors lies behind a hype and how does it affect people that choose to refrain from new technology?

The purpose of this paper is to study the so called non-users, with a case study that concerns the Pokémon GO game and its hype in the summer of 2016. This case study has the intention to highlight the positive and negative aspects of non-users and other thoughts about hype. The study also intends to investigate what the non-users can contribute in technological development and if it's possible to distinguish between users and non-users in today's society.

The case study has been carried out on the basis of two group interviews; a group that abstained from playing and a group that played Pokémon GO during the hype. A number of issues are discussed and linked against a theoretical framework which also has been used in the analysis in this paper. Based on the results of the case study it appears that nostalgia was a major factor in the hype, many had prior knowledge of the concept and was triggered by it. Nostalgia was also a factor that lead people to refrain from the hype. The game did not meet up to everyone’s expectations regarding the functionality which existed earlier in Pokémon but not now.  It also emerged that the social environment affects both users and non-users in several ways. The investigation of the case study showed that non-users often had to wait for players due to different reasons. This could be while on walks with the player or that users could completely block roads. To be able completely separating non-users and users is complex as the real world is used as the platform of the game. Both previous studies and this paper demonstrates how important it can be to understand non-users. They have the opportunity to present an overall perspective of a product that users might condone. In summary, the future will become more complex in the area, especially with new technologies that make the real world a game field.

Password managers have been available for a long time, and there has been a lot of research showing that these tools are not commonly used. Their functionality helps the usertobothgenerateandsaveuniqueandstrongpasswordsforeachindividualauthentication online. We conduct a quantitative investigation where we create a survey based on related research and a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model. The dataforourquantitativeanalysisweregatheredbypublishingasurveyontheplattform Reddit.com. Thisdatawerethereafteranalysedusingstatisticalmethods,whereanumber of statistically significant differences were found. We found that gender, geographic location,amountofuniquepasswordsandcomputerprofiencyallhadsignificanteffects on either the actual system use or on the attitude towards the system. These results are evaluated by relating them to the presented theories and related research.

Background: Web-based interventions are effective for several psychological problems. However, recruitment, adherence, and missing data are challenges when evaluating these interventions. Objective: This study aimed to describe the use patterns during the commencement phase, possible retention patterns (continuation of data provision), and responses to prompts and reminders among participants in 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating web-based interventions. Methods: Data on use patterns logged in 2 RCTs aiming to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression among adult patients recently diagnosed with cancer (AdultCan RCT) and patients with a recent myocardial infarction (Heart RCT) were analyzed. The web-based intervention in the AdultCan trial consisted of unguided self-help and psychoeducation and that in the Heart trial consisted of therapist-supported cognitive behavioral therapy. In total, 2360 participants' use patterns at first log-in, including data collection at baseline (ie, commencement) and at 2 follow-ups, were analyzed. Both the intervention and comparison groups were analyzed. Results: At commencement, 70.85% (909/1283) and 86.82% (935/1077) of the participants in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively, logged in and completed baseline data collection after receiving a welcome email with log-in credentials. The median duration of the first log-in was 44 minutes and 38 minutes in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively. Slightly less than half of the participants' first log-ins were completed outside standard office hours. More than 80% (92/114 and 103/111) of the participants in both trials explored the intervention within 2 weeks of being randomized to the treatment group, with a median duration of 7 minutes and 47 minutes in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively. There was a significant association between intervention exploration time during the first 2 weeks and retention in the Heart trial but not in the AdultCan trial. However, the control group was most likely to retain and provide complete follow-up data. Across the 3 time points of data collection explored in this study, the proportion of participants responding to all questionnaires within 1 week from the prompt, without a reminder, varied between 35.45% (413/1165) and 66.3% (112/169). After 2 reminders, up to 97.6% (165/169) of the participants responded. Conclusions: Most participants in both RCTs completed the baseline questionnaires within 1 week of receiving the welcome email. Approximately half of them answered questions at baseline data collection outside office hours, suggesting that the time flexibility inherent in web-based interventions contributes to commencement and use. In contrast to what was expected, the intervention groups generally had lower completion rates than the comparison groups. About half of the participants completed the questionnaires without a reminder, but thereafter, reminders contributed to both baseline and follow-up retention, suggesting they were effective. Strategies to increase commencement of and retention in eHealth interventions are important for the future development of effective interventions and relevant research.

Smartwatches can collect health data, location data and other sensitive information about users, and privacy concerns arise. This thesis aimed to investigate how older people (50-80 years old) in Sweden behave when it comes to privacy and health data. The data were analyzed according to the privacy paradox, which describes the discrepancy between how people behave and how they intend to behave in relation to risk and trust. The research approach was qualitative, and twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were coded and thematized following the chosen theory. Among the twelve participants in the study, a majority did not see, understand, or behave consciously towards the risks of sharing health data. Instead, trust was related to both the disclosure behavior and the intentional behavior among several of the participants in this study. This study indicates that for some of the participants, there are also other factors that determine their behavior, and the privacy paradox alone is not complete. Four of the findings when it comes to participants' behavior towards their health data and privacy were: trust-based decisions, lack of knowledge, low value of personal data, and value benefits more than privacy. Among several of the participants in this study, when trust towards an actor increase, the participant’s risk awareness decreases. It can be discussed whether the participants in the study value the opportunities more than the risks, and this impacts their behavior. Most of the participants think that sharing location data infringes more on their privacy than sharing health data, and self-education might be a reason the behavior and the level of privacy differ among the participants. 

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of billions of devices, people and services to

Interconnect and exchange information and useful data. The IoT applications are highly affirming to increase the level of comfort, efficiency and automations for the user. The high level of security and privacy, authentication and recovery from the attacks is required to implement IoT automated world. In this thesis I am presenting an overview of IoT layer architecture and attacks regarding security from the layer’s perspective. In addition, this thesis will provide an overview to solve the security and privacy threats. Furthermore, this paper discusses the current state of research on IoT security requirements and future research directions with respect to IoT security and privacy, a detailed review of the security challenges and sources of threat in the IoT applications is presented. Finally, this thesis presents the security issues, various emerging and existing technologies focused on achieving a high degree of trust in the IoT applications.

Introduktion. Större mängd tekniska lösningar tillkommer ständigt diabetessjuksköterskans arbetsplats. Deras arbetsroll har utvecklats genom tiden och får nu även en roll som teknisk förmedlare till patienten. Detta ställer högre krav på sjuksköterskan att ha tillräckligt med kunskap om diverse e-hälsosystem och kroppsnära tekniker med en utbildningsform som inte hänger med. Syfte. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur diabetessjuksköterskan påverkas av e-hälsosystem och kroppsnära teknik och hur de uppfattar användbarheten i systemen. Metod. En empirisk studie utfördes och sex diabetessjuksköterskor intervjuades på ett semistrukturerat sätt. Resultat. Resultatet visar att diabetessjuksköterskan arbetsuppgifter påverkas av e-hälsosystem och de tekniska lösningar som har tillkommit deras yrke. Användbarheten i majoriteten av systemen som används är bristfällig och utbildning i diverse system är begränsad. Konklusion. Diabetessjuksköterskan måste börja få vara mer delaktig i utvecklingen och implementationen av diverse tekniker som ska vara en del av arbetsuppgifterna. Samt måste tillräckligt med utbildning införas för att de tekniska lösningarna ska ha en god påverkan på sjuksköterskans arbetsroll och bättre användbarhet kan uppnås.

ChatGPT has become a popular technology among people and gained a considerable user base, because of its power to effectively generate responses to users requests. However, as ChatGPT’s popularity has grown and as other natural language processing systems (NLPs) are being developed and adopted, several concerns have been raised about the technology that could have implications on user trust. Because trust plays a central role in user willingness to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) systems and there is no consensus in research on what facilitates trust, it is important to conduct more research to identify the factors that affect user trust in artificial intelligence systems, especially modern technologies such as NLPs. The aim of the study was therefore to identify the factors that affect user trust in NLPs. The findings from the literature within trust and artificial intelligence indicated that there may exist a relationship between trust and transparency, explainability, accuracy, reliability, automation, augmentation, anthropomorphism and data privacy. These factors were quantitatively studied together in order to uncover what affects user trust in NLPs. The result from the study indicated that transparency, accuracy, reliability, automation, augmentation, anthropomorphism and data privacy all have a positive impact on user trust in NLPs, which both supported and opposed previous findings from literature. 

Artificiell intelligens blir allt mer vanligt inom fler och fler områden. Ett område där tekniken är relativt ny är inom kreativa processer och kreativa områden. Detta arbete är en kvalitativ studie av explorativ karaktär, som undersöker hur AI kan användas inom dessa kreativa processer samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som uppkommer av det.

Tre intervjuer har genomförts med personer som har god och aktuell kunskap inom ämnet. Det insamlade materialet har sedan analyserats med den kreativa processen som ramverk. Resultatet visar att AI i vissa steg av processen kan användas, dels för att underlätta men också för att effektivisera densamma. I andra steg har utvecklingen av AI inte kommit tillräckligt långt för att bidra med något värde eller erbjuda någonting som utvecklar eller gör processen lättare. Vidare har resultatet visat att inställningen till användandet kan bli en avgörande faktor för fortsatt utveckling och användning, men även att möjligheterna är fler än utmaningarna.

During the outbreak of covid-19, contact tracing applications (CTA) were introduced as they have been proven to be an effective tool for contact tracing and thereby reduce the spread of infection. With Bluetooth signals, CTA can determine an individual’s positioning and which people they have been in contact with. This means that personal data about its users is collected, managed, and stored. CTA depends on a high level of acceptance and usage to function effectively. In previous research studies, attention is thus drawn to the fact that ethics linked to these applications need to be enlightened. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the ethical problems associated with CTA. The study is designed as a literature review with a qualitative content analysis. The result consists of a compilation of the ethical problems linked to CTA based on the categories in the PAPA framework. The compilation shows that there are many ethical problems linked to CTA that need to be addressed and it also shows that it is largely the same ethical problems that arise and are relevant in IS today, as it has been in the field for decades since PAPA was created.

The technology development of large language models has recently received attention through the launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT. There have been discussions of what this means for society overall, but also how the education at universities is affected. The purpose of this study was to study how much impact these tools have on education at Uppsala University. Five directors of studies from different departments have been interviewed. The data was then analyzed using the theory of socially disruptive technologies to investigate the degree of impact. The result shows that it is mainly examinations that have been affected, where some principals have had to remove or will remove homework assignments as a consequence of ChatGPT. Differences in change management exist between different institutions, which seem to be partly due to the lack of guidelines, but also due to educational structure and personal commitment. However, no systematic differences can be determined between the different parts of the university. Furthermore, there have been discussions about broader questions about the students' learning and how one should relate to the development as a director of studies. 

Cloud Computing är en tjänstemodell som ger användare tillgång till virtuella dataresurser, såsom lagringsutrymme och processorkraft över internet. Cloud Computing förknippas med fördelar, däribland elasticitet, skalbarhet och kostnadseffektivitet. Därför föreligger det ett intresse bland organisationer och företag att förflytta mjukvarusystem och andra IT-resurser från en fysisk till en virtuell miljö. Denna process kallas för Cloud Migration, vilket kantas av problem beträffande hur denna process skall gå tillväga. Därför tillämpas Cloud Migration Strategies för att råda bot på problem som Cloud Migration kantas av. Emellertid förekommer det flera olika Cloud Migration Strategies. Därför är syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera, kartlägga och jämföra Cloud Migration Strategies härledda från vetenskaplig litteratur publicerade mellan år 2015 och 2020. Detta för att skapa ett vetenskapligt bidrag som kan ge en övergripande bild av likheter och skillnader mellan identifierade och kartlagda Cloud Migration Strategies. Insamlingen av strategier har genomförts i enlighet med Systematic Mapping Process. Denna process resulterade i 15 identifierade strategier som kartlades utifrån tre kategorier: (i) typ av strategi, (ii) tillvägagångssätt och (iii) typ av slutprodukt. Därefter analyserades kartlagda strategier utifrån en komparativ metod. Utifrån jämförelsen kan man dra slutsatsen att det förekommer både likheter och skillnader mellan kartlagda Cloud Migration Strategies. Likheter då strategierna tar avstamp i motsvarande problemområde och skillnader då angreppssätten är förhållandevis varierande.

Healthcare is a knowledge-intensive field. A significant quantum of extremely vital and viable healthcare knowledge exists in a tacit form, yet due to various operational and technical reasons such healthcare knowledge is not entirely utilized and put into professional practice. The strong increase in expert work and knowledge-intensive fields make examining the topic timely and hypothetically interesting.The most significant contribution of this study is the increase in understanding, as well as, tacit healthcare knowledge sharing amongst physicians and clinicians with the type of collaborative tools and technologies they have at their disposal. Collaborative tools and technologies help employees of an organization work closely with their colleagues, partner organization and other volunteers as tacit healthcare knowledge sharing among clinicians such as sharing of best practices, tips and tricks, inter professional collaborative networking, clinical experiences and skills are known to have a significant impact on the quality of medical diagnosis and decisions.This paper posits that collaboration tools and technologies can provide new opportunities for tacit healthcare knowledge sharing amongst health-experts, and demonstrates this by presenting findings from a review of relevant literature and a survey conducted with Medical Doctors who have moderate to high interaction with collaborative tools and technologies in the healthcare industry. Semi-structure interviews were conducted with health-experts (Medical Doctors and clinicians) of Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Final thematic analysis unveiled six themes as potential contributors of collaborative tools and technologies in facilitating tacit healthcare knowledge sharing among clinicians. The newly developed themes are described and interpreted briefly; extensive literature review has been carried out to relate the emerged themes with the literatures and part of interview participant responses are supported as well. Finally this research suggests further empirical studies shall be conducted to acknowledge this study.

This study investigates the effects of a sustainability initiative in a Swedish municipality viewed through the lens of actor network theory. The focus is on the consequences of committing to the implementation of a reporting and analysis system for IT-supported sustainability. This commitment involves several actor networks, both internal and external to the municipality. The study shows that, to implement successfully a sustainability initiative, a thorough understanding of organizational routines and standards is required to enrol the affected stakeholders. Information systems can play a central role as tools for improving sustainability indicators and routines, thereby constituting important change actants.