[{"_id":"project:6603","_type":"project","abstract":{"en":"The main goal of this project is to provide a mechanistic understanding of lake ice property changes in a warmer world and to predict and forecast effects on nature and society. A few studies are available that¬†describe¬†ecological and societal consequences of¬†shorter lake ice cover but none of these studies considers changes in ice properties such as crystal structure, impurities and thickness of ice. This fundamental knowledge gap is problematic since changes in ice properties are decisive for ice stability/safety as well as the light, thermal and mixing regime in lakes, which in turn determines the ecology under ice. To fill this important knowledge gap we will perform detailed and novel studies on ice properties and their effects on ice stability and primary production, two aspects that have a direct linkage to the achievement of several global sustainable development goals. We will apply methods ranging from field and mesocosm observations to modelling and experimental, high-resolution Fabric Analyser analyses in a well-equipped and specialized ice laboratory. We believe that our project will give new and important insights into the challenges and opportunities that a less frozen future will have on the achievement of freshwater related sustainable development goals."},"project_id":"2020-03222_VR","identifier_short":"2020-03222","dates":{"start_date":"2020-12-01","end_date":"2024-11-30"},"organizations":[{"funding":[{"_id":2,"id":"202100-5208","sv":"Vetenskapsrådet","en":"Swedish Research Council"}]},{"coordinating":[{"_id":978,"id":"202100-2932","sv":"Uppsala universitet","en":"Uppsala University"}]}],"people":[{"project_leaders":[{"_id":"authority-person:10695","orcid":"0000-0002-4013-2281","name":"Weyhenmeyer, Gesa","role":"principal_investigator","affiliation":[{"_id":978,"id":"202100-2932","sv":"Uppsala universitet","en":"Uppsala University"}]}]},{"other_personnel":[]}],"tags":[{"_id":11538,"id":"10501","sv":"Klimatforskning","en":"Climate Research"},{"_id":11540,"id":"10503","sv":"Multidisciplinär geovetenskap","en":"Geosciences, Multidisciplinary"}],"titles":{"sv":"Snabba förändringar i isens kvalitet på norra halvklotet och konsekvenser för uppnåendet av flera globala mål för hållbar utveckling","en":"Rapid ice quality changes in the Northern Hemisphere and consequences for the achievement of several global sustainable development goals"},"total_funding":"3850000","type_of_awards":{"sv":"Projektbidrag","en":"Project grant"},"publications":[{"id":"diva2:2027430","type":"review","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"title":"Extreme and compound events in lakes","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Woolway","given":"R. Iestyn"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Yunlin"},{"family":"Jennings","given":"Eleanor"},{"family":"Zohary","given":"Tamar"},{"family":"Jane","given":"Stephen F."},{"family":"Jansen","given":"Joachim"},{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Long","given":"Di"},{"family":"Fleischmann","given":"Ayan"},{"family":"Feng","given":"Lian"},{"family":"Qin","given":"Boqiang"},{"family":"Shi","given":"Kun"},{"family":"Shi","given":"Haoran"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Weijia"},{"family":"Tong","given":"Yan"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Guoqing"},{"family":"Zscheischler","given":"Jakob"},{"family":"Ren","given":"Ze"},{"family":"Jeppesen","given":"Erik"}],"abstract":"Extreme and compound events disrupt lake ecosystems worldwide, with their frequency, intensity and duration increasing in response to climate change. In this Review we outline evidence of the occurrence, drivers and impact of extreme and compound events in lakes. Univariate extremes, which include lake heatwaves, droughts and floods, underwater dimming episodes and hypoxia, can occur concurrently, sequentially or simultaneously at different locations to form multivariate, temporal or spatial compound events, respectively. The probability of extreme and compound events is increasing owing to climate warming, declining lake water levels in half of lakes globally, and basin-scale anthropogenic stressors, such as nutrient pollution. Most in-lake extreme events are inherently compound in nature owing to tightly coupled physical, chemical and biological underlying processes. The cascading effects of compound events propagate or dissipate through lakes. For example, a heatwave might trigger stratification and oxygen depletion, subsequently leading to fish mortality or the proliferation of harmful algal blooms. Interactions between extremes are increasingly observed and can trigger feedback loops that exacerbate harmful algal blooms and fishery declines, leading to severe ecological and socio-economic consequences. Managing the increasing risk of compound events requires integrated models, coordinated monitoring and proactive adaptation strategies tailored to the vulnerabilities of lake ecosystems.","DOI":"10.1038/s43017-025-00710-w","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-105013550170","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-574978","issue":"9","volume":"6","page":"593-611","container-title":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","ISSN":"2662-138X","publisher":"Springer Nature","published":[{"raw":"2026-01-13T00:38:00.000+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2026-01-13T00:38:15.801+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2026-01-14T09:09:00.194+01:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-574978"},{"id":"diva2:1960489","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"title":"One-Hundred Fundamental, Open Questions to Integrate Methodological Approaches in Lake Ice Research","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Culpepper","given":"Joshua","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Sapna","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Gunn","given":"Grant","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Magee","given":"Madeline R.","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael F.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA.;US Geol Survey, Observing Syst Div, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric J.","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO USA."}]},{"family":"Arp","given":"Chris","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK USA."}]},{"family":"Cooley","given":"Sarah W.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR USA.;Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA."}]},{"family":"Dolan","given":"Wayana","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA."}]},{"family":"Dugan","given":"Hilary A.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"Duguay","given":"Claude R.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;H2O Geomatics, Kitchener, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin M.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK USA."}]},{"family":"Kirillin","given":"Georgiy","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany."}]},{"family":"Ladwig","given":"Robert","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA.;Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark."}]},{"family":"Leppaeranta","given":"Matti","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"family":"Long","given":"Di","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China."}]},{"family":"Magnuson","given":"John J.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"Pavelsky","given":"Tamlin","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA."}]},{"family":"Piccolroaz","given":"Sebastiano","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Trento, Trento, Italy."}]},{"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale M.","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"Steele","given":"Bethel G.","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO USA."}]},{"family":"Tom","given":"Manu","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland.;Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland."}]},{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Woolway","given":"R. Iestyn","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Bangor, England."}]},{"family":"Xenopoulos","given":"Marguerite A.","affiliation":[{"name":"Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Yang","given":"Xiao","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX USA."}]}],"abstract":"The rate of technological innovation within aquatic sciences outpaces the collective ability of individual scientists within the field to make appropriate use of those technologies. The process of in situ lake sampling remains the primary choice to comprehensively understand an aquatic ecosystem at local scales; however, the impact of climate change on lakes necessitates the rapid advancement of understanding and the incorporation of lakes on both landscape and global scales. Three fields driving innovation within winter limnology that we address here are autonomous real-time in situ monitoring, remote sensing, and modeling. The recent progress in low-power in situ sensing and data telemetry allows continuous tracing of under-ice processes in selected lakes as well as the development of global lake observational networks. Remote sensing offers consistent monitoring of numerous systems, allowing limnologists to ask certain questions across large scales. Models are advancing and historically come in different types (process-based or statistical data-driven), with the recent technological advancements and integration of machine learning and hybrid process-based/statistical models. Lake ice modeling enhances our understanding of lake dynamics and allows for projections under future climate warming scenarios. To encourage the merging of technological innovation within limnological research of the less-studied winter period, we have accumulated both essential details on the history and uses of contemporary sampling, remote sensing, and modeling techniques. We crafted 100 questions in the field of winter limnology that aim to facilitate the cross-pollination of intensive and extensive modes of study to broaden knowledge of the winter period.","DOI":"10.1029/2024WR039042","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-105004223791","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-556687","issue":"5","volume":"61","number":"e2024WR039042","container-title":"Water resources research","ISSN":"1944-7973","keyword":"lake ice; remote sensing; modeling; limnology; cryosphere","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","published":[{"raw":"2025-05-22T16:47:24.307+02:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2025-05-22T16:47:24.622+02:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-05-22T16:47:24.307+02:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-556687"},{"id":"diva2:1823471","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"title":"Anoxia begets anoxia : A positive feedback to the deoxygenation of temperate lakes","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Lewis","given":"Abigail S. L."},{"family":"Lau","given":"Maximilian P."},{"family":"Jane","given":"Stephen F."},{"family":"Rose","given":"Kevin C."},{"family":"Be'eri-Shlevin","given":"Yaron"},{"family":"Burnet","given":"Sarah H."},{"family":"Clayer","given":"François"},{"family":"Feuchtmayr","given":"Heidrun"},{"family":"Grossart","given":"Hans-Peter"},{"family":"Howard","given":"Dexter W."},{"family":"Mariash","given":"Heather"},{"family":"Delgado Martin","given":"Jordi"},{"family":"North","given":"Rebecca L."},{"family":"Oleksy","given":"Isabella"},{"family":"Pilla","given":"Rachel M."},{"family":"Smagula","given":"Amy P."},{"family":"Sommaruga","given":"Ruben"},{"family":"Steiner","given":"Sara E."},{"family":"Verburg","given":"Piet"},{"family":"Wain","given":"Danielle"},{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Carey","given":"Cayelan C."}],"abstract":"Declining oxygen concentrations in the deep waters of lakes worldwide pose a pressing environmental and societal challenge. Existing theory suggests that low deep-water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations could trigger a positive feedback through which anoxia (i.e., very low DO) during a given summer begets increasingly severe occurrences of anoxia in following summers. Specifically, anoxic conditions can promote nutrient release from sediments, thereby stimulating phytoplankton growth, and subsequent phytoplankton decomposition can fuel heterotrophic respiration, resulting in increased spatial extent and duration of anoxia. However, while the individual relationships in this feedback are well established, to our knowledge, there has not been a systematic analysis within or across lakes that simultaneously demonstrates all of the mechanisms necessary to produce a positive feedback that reinforces anoxia. Here, we compiled data from 656 widespread temperate lakes and reservoirs to analyze the proposed anoxia begets anoxia feedback. Lakes in the dataset span a broad range of surface area (1–126,909 ha), maximum depth (6–370 m), and morphometry, with a median time-series duration of 30 years at each lake. Using linear mixed models, we found support for each of the positive feedback relationships between anoxia, phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a concentrations, and oxygen demand across the 656-lake dataset. Likewise, we found further support for these relationships by analyzing time-series data from individual lakes. Our results indicate that the strength of these feedback relationships may vary with lake-specific characteristics: For example, we found that surface phosphorus concentrations were more positively associated with chlorophyll a in high-phosphorus lakes, and oxygen demand had a stronger influence on the extent of anoxia in deep lakes. Taken together, these results support the existence of a positive feedback that could magnify the effects of climate change and other anthropogenic pressures driving the development of anoxia in lakes around the world.","DOI":"10.1111/gcb.17046","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-519022","issue":"1","volume":"30","number":"e17046","container-title":"Global Change Biology","ISSN":"1365-2486","keyword":"air temperature; anoxia; chlorophyll a; dissolved oxygen; feedback; hypolimnion; lake; oxygen demand; phosphorus; residence time","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","published":[{"raw":"2024-01-02T15:06:00.000+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2024-01-02T15:06:15.506+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2024-04-15T10:23:47.195+02:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-519022"},{"id":"diva2:1911300","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"title":"Climate-driven deoxygenation of northern lakes","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Jansen","given":"Joachim","ORCID":"0000-0001-5965-7662","localId":"joaja327","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"},{"name":"Univ Quebec Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Grp Rech Interuniv Limnol, Montreal, PQ, Canada"}]},{"family":"Simpson","given":"Gavin L.","ORCID":"0000-0002-9084-8413","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci & Climate, Aarhus, Denmark."}]},{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Härkönen","given":"Laura H.","ORCID":"0000-0003-1399-5978","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland."}]},{"family":"Paterson","given":"Andrew M.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4296-9528","affiliation":[{"name":"Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Ontario Minist Environm Conservat & Pk, Dorset, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"del Giorgio","given":"Paul A.","ORCID":"0000-0003-1866-8159","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Quebec Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Grp Rech Interuniv Limnol, Montreal, PQ, Canada."}]},{"family":"Prairie","given":"Yves T.","ORCID":"0000-0003-1210-992X","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Quebec Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Grp Rech Interuniv Limnol, Montreal, PQ, Canada."}]}],"abstract":"Oxygen depletion constitutes a major threat to lake ecosystems and the services they provide. Most of the world’s lakes are located &gt;45° N, where accelerated climate warming and elevated carbon loads might severely increase the risk of hypoxia, but this has not been systematically examined. Here analysis of 2.6 million water quality observations from 8,288 lakes shows that between 1960 and 2022, most northern lakes experienced rapid deoxygenation strongly linked to climate-driven prolongation of summer stratification. Oxygen levels deteriorated most in small lakes (&lt;10 ha) owing to their greater volumetric oxygen demand and surface warming rates, while the largest lakes gained oxygen under minimal stratification changes and improved aeration at spring overturns. Seasonal oxygen consumption rates declined, despite widespread browning. Proliferating anoxia enhanced seasonal internal loading of C, P and N but depleted P long-term, indicating that deoxygenation can exhaust redox-sensitive fractions of sediment nutrient reservoirs.","DOI":"10.1038/s41558-024-02058-3","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-541956","issue":"8","volume":"14","page":"832-838","container-title":"Nature Climate Change","ISSN":"1758-6798","publisher":"Springer Nature","published":[{"raw":"2024-11-07T11:55:00.553+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2024-11-07T11:55:00.617+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-02-01T18:25:59.350+01:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-541956"},{"id":"diva2:1926242","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"title":"Controls on Lake Pelagic Primary Productivity : Formalizing the Nutrient-Color Paradigm","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Oleksy","given":"Isabella A.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.;Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA."}]},{"family":"Solomon","given":"Christopher T.","affiliation":[{"name":"Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA."}]},{"family":"Jones","given":"Stuart E.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN USA."}]},{"family":"Olson","given":"Carly","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA."}]},{"family":"Bertolet","given":"Brittni L.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA USA."}]},{"family":"Adrian","given":"Rita","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Community & Ecosyst Ecol, Berlin, Germany."}]},{"family":"Bansal","given":"Sheel","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA."}]},{"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA."}]},{"family":"Brothers","given":"Soren","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Chandra","given":"Sudeep","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Nevada, Global Water Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA."}]},{"family":"Chou","given":"Hsiu-Mei","affiliation":[{"name":"Natl Ctr High Performance Comp, Hsinchu, Taiwan."}]},{"family":"Colom-Montero","given":"William","ORCID":"0000-0002-2035-2498","localId":"wilco343","affiliation":[{"id":"6800","name":"Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ekologi och genetik"}]},{"family":"Culpepper","given":"Joshua","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Nevada, Global Water Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA.;York Univ, Dept Biol, N York, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"de Eyto","given":"Elvira","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Inst, Fisheries & Ecosyst Advisory Serv, Newport, Ireland."}]},{"family":"Farragher","given":"Matthew J.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA."}]},{"family":"Hilt","given":"Sabine","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Community & Ecosyst Ecol, Berlin, Germany."}]},{"family":"Holeck","given":"Kristen T.","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Ithaca, NY USA."}]},{"family":"Kazanjian","given":"Garabet","affiliation":[{"name":"Amer Univ Armenia, Acopian Ctr Environm, Yerevan, Armenia."}]},{"family":"Klaus","given":"Marcus","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umeå, Sweden."}]},{"family":"Klug","given":"Jennifer","affiliation":[{"name":"Fairfield Univ, Biol Dept, Fairfield, CT USA."}]},{"family":"Köhler","given":"Jan","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Community & Ecosyst Ecol, Berlin, Germany."}]},{"family":"Laas","given":"Alo","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Tartu, Estonia."}]},{"family":"Lundin","given":"Erik","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Polar Res Secretariate, Abisko Sci Res Stn, S-98024 Abisko, Sweden."}]},{"family":"Parkes","given":"Alice H.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Quebec Montreal, Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada."}]},{"family":"Rose","given":"Kevin C.","affiliation":[{"name":"Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Biol Sci, Troy, NY USA."}]},{"family":"Rustam","given":"Lars G.","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Ithaca, NY USA."}]},{"family":"Rusak","given":"James","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada.;Ontario Minist Environm, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Scordo","given":"Facundo","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Nevada, Global Water Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA.;Univ Nacl Sur UNS, Inst Argentino Oceanog IADO, CONICET, Bahia Blanca, Argentina.;Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Geog & Turismo, Buenos Aires, Argentina."}]},{"family":"Vanni","given":"Michael J.","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH USA."}]},{"family":"Verburg","given":"Piet","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand."}]},{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]}],"abstract":"Understanding controls on primary productivity is essential for describing ecosystems and their responses to environmental change. In lakes, pelagic gross primary productivity (GPP) is strongly controlled by inputs of nutrients and dissolved organic matter. Although past studies have developed process models of this nutrient-color paradigm (NCP), broad empirical tests of these models are scarce. We used data from 58 globally distributed, mostly temperate lakes to test such a model and improve understanding and prediction of the controls on lake primary production. The model includes three state variables-dissolved phosphorus, terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and phytoplankton biomass-and generates realistic predictions for equilibrium rates of pelagic GPP. We calibrated our model using a Bayesian data assimilation technique on a subset of lakes where DOC and total phosphorus (TP) loads were known. We then asked how well the calibrated model performed with a larger set of lakes. Revised parameter estimates from the updated model aligned well with existing literature values. Observed GPP varied nonlinearly with both inflow DOC and TP concentrations in a manner consistent with increasing light limitation as DOC inputs increased and decreasing nutrient limitation as TP inputs increased. Furthermore, across these diverse lake ecosystems, model predictions of GPP were highly correlated with observed values derived from high-frequency sensor data. The GPP predictions using the updated parameters improved upon previous estimates, expanding the utility of a process model with simplified assumptions for water column mixing. Our analysis provides a model structure that may be broadly useful for understanding current and future patterns in lake primary production.","DOI":"10.1029/2024JG008140","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-85212089952","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-546542","issue":"12","volume":"129","number":"e2024JG008140","container-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences","ISSN":"2169-8961","keyword":"process-based model; model calibration; ecosystem metabolism; GLEON","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","published":[{"raw":"2025-01-10T13:20:46.014+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2025-01-10T13:20:46.081+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-02-01T18:24:32.494+01:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-546542"},{"id":"diva2:1965558","type":"review","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"title":"Environmental and societal consequences of winter ice loss from lakes","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Hampton","given":"Stephanie E.","ORCID":"0000-0003-2389-4249","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Inst Sci, Biosphere Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA."}]},{"family":"Powers","given":"Stephen M.","ORCID":"0000-0001-6267-2644","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Dept Biol, Waco, TX USA."}]},{"family":"Dugan","given":"Hilary A.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"Knoll","given":"Lesley B.","ORCID":"0000-0003-0347-5979","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH USA."}]},{"family":"McMeans","given":"Bailey C.","ORCID":"0000-0002-9793-6811","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael F.","ORCID":"0000-0002-8034-9434","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geol Survey, Hydrol Remote Sensing Branch, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"O'Reilly","given":"Catherine M.","ORCID":"0000-0001-9685-3697","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Normal, IL USA."}]},{"family":"Ozersky","given":"Ted","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Minnesota Duluth, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN USA."}]},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Sapna","ORCID":"0000-0003-4571-2768","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Barrett","given":"David C.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada."}]},{"family":"Chandra","given":"Sudeep","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV USA."}]},{"family":"Jansen","given":"Joachim","ORCID":"0000-0001-5965-7662","localId":"joaja327","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"McClure","given":"Ryan P.","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Inst Sci, Biosphere Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA."}]},{"family":"Rautio","given":"Milla","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Grp Interuniv Res Limnol & Aquat Environm, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada.;Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Dept Sci Fondamentales, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada."}]},{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Yang","given":"Xiao","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Methodist Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX USA."}]}],"abstract":"Climate change is reducing winter ice cover on lakes; yet, the full societal and environmental consequences of this ice loss are poorly understood. The socioeconomic implications of declining ice include diminished access to ice-based cultural activities, safety concerns in traversing ice, changes in fisheries, increases in shoreline erosion, and declines in water storage. Longer ice-free seasons allow more time and capacity for water to warm, threatening water quality and biodiversity. Food webs likely will reorganize, with constrained availability of ice-associated and cold-water niches, and ice loss will affect the nature, magnitude, and timing of greenhouse gas emissions. Examining these rapidly emerging changes will generate more-complete models of lake dynamics, and transdisciplinary collaborations will facilitate translation to effective management and sustainability.","DOI":"10.1126/science.adl3211","PMID":"39388548","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-85206035464","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-558410","issue":"6718","volume":"386","number":"eadl3211","container-title":"Science","ISSN":"1095-9203","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","published":[{"raw":"2025-06-09T11:48:17.587+02:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2025-06-09T11:48:17.657+02:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-06-09T11:48:17.587+02:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-558410"},{"id":"diva2:1856307","type":"review","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"title":"Global Lake Health in the Anthropocene : Societal Implications and Treatment Strategies","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Chukwuka","given":"Azubuike V.","affiliation":[{"name":"Natl Environm Stand & Regulat Enforcement Agcy NES, Dept Environm Qual Control, Osogbo, Nigeria."}]},{"family":"Anneville","given":"Orlane","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, Thonon Les Bains, France."}]},{"family":"Brookes","given":"Justin","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Adelaide, Environm Inst, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia."}]},{"family":"Carvalho","given":"Carolinne R.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Sao Paulo, Coll Agiculture Luiz de Queiroz, Sao Paulo, Brazil."}]},{"family":"Cotner","given":"James B.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN USA.;Univ Bergen, Dept Biol Sci, Bergen, Norway."}]},{"family":"Grossart","given":"Hans-Peter","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Plankton & Microbial Ecol, Stechlin, Germany.;Potsdam Univ, Inst Biochem & Biol, Potsdam, Germany."}]},{"family":"Hamilton","given":"David P.","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld, Australia."}]},{"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul C.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"Hejzlar","given":"Josef","affiliation":[{"name":"Czech Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Biol Ctr, Vvi, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic."}]},{"family":"Hilt","given":"Sabine","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Community & Ecosyst Ecol, Berlin, Germany."}]},{"family":"Hipsey","given":"Matthew R.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Western Australia, Ctr Water & Spatial Sci, UWA Sch Agr & Environm, Perth, WA, Australia."}]},{"family":"Ibelings","given":"Bas W.","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Geneva, Dept FA Forel Environm & Aquat Sci, Geneva, Switzerland."}]},{"family":"Jacquet","given":"Stephan","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, Thonon Les Bains, France."}]},{"family":"Kangur","given":"Kuelli","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Chair Hydrobiol & Fishery, Ctr Limnol, EE-61117 Tartu, Estonia."}]},{"family":"Kragh","given":"Theis","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Biol, Odense, Denmark."}]},{"family":"Lehner","given":"Bernhard","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada."}]},{"family":"Lepori","given":"Fabio","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Appl Sci & Arts Southern Switzerland, Inst Earth Sci, Mendrisio, Switzerland."}]},{"family":"Lukubye","given":"Ben","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Mbarara, Uganda.;Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA USA."}]},{"family":"Marce","given":"Rafael","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIC, Blanes Ctr Adv Studies CEAB, Blanes, Spain."}]},{"family":"Mcelarney","given":"Yvonne","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrifood & Biosci Inst Oceanog & Limnol, Belfast, North Ireland."}]},{"family":"Paule-Mercado","given":"Ma. Cristina","affiliation":[{"name":"Czech Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Biol Ctr, Vvi, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic."}]},{"family":"North","given":"Rebecca","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA."}]},{"family":"Rojas-Jimenez","given":"Keilor","ORCID":"0000-0003-4261-0010","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica."}]},{"family":"Rusak","given":"James A.","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Minist Environm, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada.;Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Sapna","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Scordo","given":"Facundo","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Nacl UNS, Inst Argentino Oceanog, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Geog & Turismo, Buenos Aires, Argentina."}]},{"family":"de Senerpont Domis","given":"Lisette N.","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Wageningen, Netherlands."}]},{"family":"So","given":"Jonas Stage","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Biol, Odense, Denmark."}]},{"family":"Wood","given":"Susanna (Susie) A.","affiliation":[{"name":"Cawthron Inst, Nelson, New Zealand."}]},{"family":"Xenopoulos","given":"Marguerite A.","affiliation":[{"name":"Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Zhou","given":"Yongqiang","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing, Peoples R China."}]}],"abstract":"The world's 1.4 million lakes (&gt;= 10 ha) provide many ecosystem services that are essential for human well-being; however, only if their health status is good. Here, we reviewed common lake health issues and classified them using a simple human health-based approach to outline that lakes are living systems that are in need of oxygen, clean water and a balanced energy and nutrient supply. The main reason for adopting some of the human health terminology for the lake health classification is to increase the awareness and understanding of global lake health issues. We show that lakes are exposed to various anthropogenic stressors which can result in many lake health issues, ranging from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning. Of particular concern for human well-being is the widespread lake drying, which is a severe circulatory issue with many cascading effects on lake health. We estimated that similar to 115,000 lakes evaporate twice as much water as they gain from direct precipitation, making them vulnerable to potential drying if inflowing waters follow the drying trend, putting more than 153 million people at risk who live in close vicinity to those lakes. Where lake health issues remain untreated, essential ecosystem services will decline or even vanish, posing a threat to the well-being of millions of people. We recommend coordinated multisectoral and multidisciplinary prevention and treatment strategies, which need to include a follow-up of the progress and an assessment of the resilience of lakes to intensifying threats. Priority should be given to implementing sewage water treatment, mitigating climate change, counteracting introductions of non-native species to lakes and decreasing uncontrolled anthropogenic releases of chemicals into the hydro-, bio-, and atmosphere. Lakes around the world come in an array of sizes, shapes and colors, each telling a unique story of geological history and environmental importance. When lakes are healthy they contribute to the achievement of the global sustainable development goals by providing many important ecosystem services. Lakes are, however, not always healthy. Here, it is shown that lakes can suffer from a large variety of health issues, ranging from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning. Without improved treatment strategies, many of the health issues may become chronic, affecting millions of people who are dependent on the ecosystem services from the lakes. To prevent and cure lakes from critical health conditions, strategies that are similar to those used in human healthcare should be applied: intervention and preventative actions before health problems occur, regular screening and early identification of lake health issues, and remediation and mitigation efforts at an appropriate scale, spanning from local to global. Anthropogenic stressors can cause lake health issues that range from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning Lake health varies geographically, with the highest risk of critical conditions occurring in densely populated low-income countries There is an urgent need to follow-up the progress of treatments and to make adjustments whenever needed","DOI":"10.1029/2023EF004387","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-527723","issue":"4","volume":"12","number":"e2023EF004387","container-title":"Earth's Future","ISSN":"2328-4277","keyword":"lake health; Anthropocene; stressors; human health; sustainability; treatment","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","published":[{"raw":"2024-05-06T14:21:51.455+02:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2024-05-06T14:21:51.524+02:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2024-05-06T14:21:51.455+02:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-527723"},{"id":"diva2:1934525","type":"review","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"title":"Lake ice quality in a warming world","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Culpepper","given":"Joshua","ORCID":"0000-0002-0468-0539","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Jakobsson","given":"Ellinor","ORCID":"0000-0002-5836-0602","localId":"ellja901","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Hampton","given":"Stephanie E.","ORCID":"0000-0003-2389-4249","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Inst Sci, Biosphere Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA USA."}]},{"family":"Obertegger","given":"Ulrike","ORCID":"0000-0002-4057-9366","affiliation":[{"name":"Fdn Edmund Mach, Ctr Ric & Innovaz, San Michele All Adige, Italy."}]},{"family":"Shchapov","given":"Kirill","ORCID":"0000-0001-6823-0927","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Cawthorn Inst, River & Lake Ecol, Nelson, New Zealand."}]},{"family":"Woolway","given":"R. Iestyn","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Bangor, Wales."}]},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Sapna","ORCID":"0000-0003-4571-2768","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]}],"abstract":"Ice phenology has shifted with anthropogenic warming such that many lakes are experiencing a shorter ice season. However, changes to ice quality - the ratio of black and white ice layers - remain little explored, despite relevance to lake physics, ecological function, human recreation and transportation. In this Review, we outline how ice quality is changing and discuss knock-on ecosystem service impacts. Although direct evidence is sparse, there are suggestions that ice quality is diminishing across the Northern Hemisphere, encompassing declining ice thickness, decreasing black ice and increasing white ice. These changes are projected to continue in the future, scaling with global temperature increases, and driving considerable impacts to related ecosystem services. Rising proportions of white ice will markedly reduce bearing strength, implying more dangerous conditions for transportation (limiting operational use of many winter roads) and recreation (increasing the risk of fatal spring-time drownings). Shifts from black to white ice conditions will further reduce the amount of light reaching the water column, minimizing primary production, and altering community composition to favour motile and mixotrophic species; these changes will affect higher trophic levels, including diminished food quantity for zooplankton and fish, with potential developmental consequences. Reliable and translatable in situ sampling methods to assess and predict spatiotemporal variations in ice quality are urgently needed. Lake ice has witnessed considerable changes in its phenology, but less is known about ice quality - the ratio of black ice to white ice. This Review assesses the changes in lake ice quality and its ecosystem services, noting diminished ice quality in observations and projections.","DOI":"10.1038/s43017-024-00590-6","ScopusId":"2-s2.0-85204205001","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-549201","issue":"10","volume":"5","page":"671-685","container-title":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","ISSN":"2662-138X","publisher":"Springer Nature","note":"Correction in: <i>Nature Reviews Earth &amp; Environment</i>, vol. 5, article id 906, DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00602-5","published":[{"raw":"2025-02-04T13:52:27.910+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2025-02-04T13:52:27.980+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-11-14T15:41:14.330+01:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-549201"},{"id":"diva2:1870421","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"title":"Nonlinear responses in interannual variability of lake ice to climate change","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Richardson","given":"David C.","ORCID":"0000-0001-9374-9624","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY Coll New Paltz, Biol Dept, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA."}]},{"family":"Filazzola","given":"Alessandro","affiliation":[{"name":"Apex Resource Management Solut, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Woolway","given":"R. Iestyn","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Anglesey, Wales."}]},{"family":"Imrit","given":"M. Arshad","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]},{"family":"Bouffard","given":"Damien","ORCID":"0000-0002-2005-9718","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Surface Waters Res & Management, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.;Univ Lausanne, Inst Earth Surface Dynam, Fac Geosci & Environm, Lausanne, Switzerland."}]},{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]},{"family":"Magnuson","given":"John","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA."}]},{"family":"Sharma","given":"Sapna","ORCID":"0000-0003-4571-2768","affiliation":[{"name":"York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada."}]}],"abstract":"Climate change is contributing to rapid changes in lake ice cover across the Northern Hemisphere, thereby impacting local communities and ecosystems. Using lake ice cover time-series spanning over 87 yr for 43 lakes across the Northern Hemisphere, we found that the interannual variability in ice duration, measured as standard deviation, significantly increased in only half of our studied lakes. We observed that the interannual variability in ice duration peaked when lakes were, on average, covered by ice for about 1 month, while both longer and shorter long-term mean ice cover duration resulted in lower interannual variability in ice duration. These results demonstrate that the ice cover duration can become so short that the interannual variability rapidly declines. The interannual variability in ice duration showed a strong dependency on global temperature anomalies and teleconnections, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation. We conclude that many lakes across the Northern Hemisphere will experience a decline in interannual ice cover variability and shift to open water during the winter under a continued global warming trend which will affect lake biological, cultural, and economic processes.","DOI":"10.1002/lno.12527","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-531591","issue":"4","volume":"69","page":"789-801","container-title":"Limnology and Oceanography","ISSN":"1939-5590","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","published":[{"raw":"2024-06-14T12:21:55.243+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2024-06-14T12:21:55.309+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2025-11-17T15:22:06.988+01:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-531591"},{"id":"diva2:1914759","type":"article-journal","status":"Published","issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"title":"Toward a fundamental understanding of ecosystem metabolism responses to global warming","language":"eng","author":[{"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","ORCID":"0000-0002-4013-2281","localId":"gesaweyh","affiliation":[{"id":"6804","name":"Uppsala universitet, Limnologi"}]}],"abstract":"Science for societyCountless bacteria, plants, animals, and other organisms that live in an ecosystem regulate how far an ecosystem is functioning as a net carbon sink or a net carbon source. A main question arises: how does this biologically driven regulation, often referred to as ecosystem metabolism, respond to global warming? To answer this question, which is not only important for the understanding of ecosystems being net carbon sinks or sources but also of biodiversity, meteorological and eddy covariance measurements from highly diverse ecosystems around the world were analyzed. The analyses demonstrate that warming rapidly accelerates both the carbon uptake by organisms that live in an ecosystem and the carbon release, independent of the ecosystem type. Thus, despite possible fast changes in biodiversity under the ongoing global warming trend, ecosystem metabolism is generally resilient to warming, a finding that strongly influences the choice of climate change mitigation actions.","DOI":"10.1016/j.oneear.2024.07.019","NBN":"urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-543122","issue":"10","volume":"7","page":"1886-1898","container-title":"One Earth","ISSN":"2590-3322","publisher":"Elsevier","published":[{"raw":"2024-11-20T13:24:27.778+01:00"}],"created":[{"raw":"2024-11-20T13:24:27.848+01:00"}],"updated":[{"raw":"2024-11-20T13:24:27.778+01:00"}],"URL":"https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-543122"}],"links":[{"type":"pid","link":"https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/api/project/swecris/project:6603"}]}]