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The purpose of this paper is to examine how Sigmund Freud’s concept of the death drive, previously theorized by psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein, is manifested in a selection of the works by the conceptual artist Sophie Calle, as well as in her general artistic practice. Furthermore, the essay explores the possibility of a theory of art that centres around the death drive. 

Sabina Spielrein’s essay Destruction as the Cause of Coming Into Being (1912) and Sigmund Freud’s book Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920) serve as both the theoretical framework of the study as well as textual material for analysis.The examined artworks are Suite Vénitienne (1980), The Strip-Tease (1988), The RazorBlade (1988), Exquisite Pain (1984) and No Sex Last Night (1996) by Sophie Calle. The study revealed that aspects of the death drive, such as tendencies towards self-destruction and masochism, subversion of mastery, self-sabotage and a compulsion to repeat unpleasurable experiences can be found to take a large role in the conceptual works of Sophie Calle as well as defining her artistic approach.

As for the possibility of a theory of art that utilizes the concept of the death drive, the study found that, while there is potential for this further research and theoretical experiments are needed.

Religious deconversion may be increasingly salient in societies characterized by growing secularization. However, limited knowledge exists on how to treat the consequences that may arise from participation in religious groups, creating challenges for healthcare providers. Gendered religious norms can shape the consequences and the deconversion process differently for women and men. This qualitative study explored female religious deconverts’ experiences of care related to religiously caused suffering. Interviews (n=17) were transcribed and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis generated three themes and eight subthemes: Reinforced alienation, Programmed against myself and Becoming a part of the world. The analysis describes experiences of healthcare providers as unavailable, religious residues that may complicate contact with healthcare professionals, and participants’ needs to reconnect with themselves, increase their sense of safety, and develop new ways of understanding themselves. 

Using (27.12 +/- 0.14) x 10(8) Psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we have observed the decay Psi(3686) -> Sigma(0)(Sigma) over bar (0)phi for the first time with a statistical significance of 7.6 sigma. Its branching fraction is measured to be (2.64 +/- 0.32(stat) +/- 0.12(sys)) x 10(-6), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The result is consistent with the previous measurement of its isospin partner process Psi(3686) Sigma(0)(Sigma) over bar (0)phi, aligning with the naive expectation of isospin symmetry. In addition, we search for potential intermediate states in the Sigma(0)phi (Sigma(0)(Sigma) over bar (0)phi) invariant mass distribution and a possible threshold enhancement in the Sigma(0)(Sigma) over bar (0) system, but no conclusive evidence of them is observed.

We report a study of the semileptonic decays D+-> K-S(0)pi(0)l(+)nu(l) (l = e, mu) based on 20.3 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) data collected at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector. The D+-> K-S(0)pi(0)mu+nu(mu) decay is observed for the first time, with a branching fraction of (0.896 +/- 0.017(stat) +/- 0.008(syst))%, and the branching fraction of D+-> K-S(0)pi(0)e(+)nu(e) is determined with the improved precision as (0.943 +/- 0.012(stat) +/- 0.010(syst))%. From the analysis of the dynamics, we observe that the dominant (K) over bar* (892)degrees component is accompanied by an S-wave contribution, which accounts for (7.10 +/- 0.68(stat) +/- 0.41(syst))% of the total decay rate of the mu(+) channel and (6.39 +/- 0.17(stat) +/- 0.14(syst))% of the e) channel. Assuming a single-pole dominance parametrization, the hadronic form factor ratios are extracted to be r(V) = V(0)=A(1)(0) = 1.42 +/- 0.03stat +/- 0.02syst and r(2) = A(2)(0)=A(1)(0) = 0.75 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.01(syst). Based on the first comprehensive angular and the decay-rate CP asymmetry analysis, the full set of averaged angular and CP asymmetry observables are measured as a function of the momentum-transfer squared; they are consistent with expectations from the standard model. No evidence for violation of mu - e lepton-flavor universality is observed in either the full range or the five chosen bins of momentum-transfer squared.

Background

To what degree a string of symbols can be compressed reveals important details about its complexity. For instance, strings that are not compressible are random and carry a low information potential while the opposite is true for highly compressible strings. We explore to what extent microbial genomes are amenable to compression as they vary considerably both with respect to size and base composition. For instance, microbial genome sizes vary from less than 100,000 base pairs in symbionts to more than 10 million in soil-dwellers. Genomic base composition, often summarized as genomic AT or GC content due to the similar frequencies of adenine and thymine on one hand and cytosine and guanine on the other, also vary substantially; the most extreme microbes can have genomes with AT content below 25% or above 85% AT. Base composition determines the frequency of DNA words, consisting of multiple nucleotides or oligonucleotides, and may therefore also influence compressibility. Using 4,713 RefSeq genomes, we examined the association between compressibility, using both a DNA based- (MBGC) and a general purpose (ZPAQ) compression algorithm, and genome size, AT content as well as genomic oligonucleotide usage variance (OUV) using generalized additive models.

Results

We find that genome size (p < 0.001) and OUV (p < 0.001) are both strongly associated with genome redundancy for both type of file compressors. The DNA-based MBGC compressor managed to improve compression with approximately 3% on average with respect to ZPAQ. Moreover, MBGC detected a significant (p < 0.001) compression ratio difference between AT poor and AT rich genomes which was not detected with ZPAQ.

Conclusion

As lack of compressibility is equivalent to randomness, our findings suggest that smaller and AT rich genomes may have accumulated more random mutations on average than larger and AT poor genomes which, in turn, were significantly more redundant. Moreover, we find that OUV is a strong proxy for genome compressibility in microbial genomes. The ZPAQ compressor was found to agree with the MBGC compressor, albeit with a poorer performance, except for the compressibility of AT-rich and AT-poor/GC-rich genomes.

Background

Estrogen receptor-low (ER-low) HER2-negative breast cancer has similar pathological and molecular characteristics as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and it is questionable whether it should be considered a separate entity. When the international guidelines lowered the cutoff for ER positivity to ≥1% in 2010, the ≥10% threshold was kept in Sweden. ER-low breast cancer (ER 1–9%) is thus in Sweden treated as TNBC. We aimed to describe patient and tumor characteristics, treatment patterns and overall survival in a Swedish population-based cohort of patients with ER-zero and ER-low HER2-negative breast cancer treated as TNBC.

Methods

All TNBC cases diagnosed in Sweden 2008–2020 were included in a population-based cohort study. Patient, tumor and treatment characteristics were analyzed by ER-status (ER 0% vs 1–9%), and associations between subgroups compared using χ² test. Survival endpoint was overall survival (OS), and Kaplan–Meier curves were estimated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios comparing ER-low to ER-zero.

Findings

Of the 5655 tumors, 90.1% had an ER expression of 0%, while 9.9% were ER-low. ER-low tumors were grade III in 69.4% (80.8% in ER-zero tumors, p-value = 0.001), with a median Ki67 of 60% (63% in ER-zero tumors, p-value = 0.005). There were no significant differences in given chemotherapy (p = 0.546). A pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in 28.1% of ER-low tumors (25.1% in ER-zero tumors). In the unadjusted analysis of OS, women with ER-low disease had a borderline but not significantly better OS than those with ER-zero disease (HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.71–1.00), p = 0.052). ER-status 1–9% vs 0% was not associated with OS in the multivariable analysis (HR 1.11 (0.90–1.36)). Distant disease-free survival did not differ by ER-status 0% vs 1–9% (HR 0.97 for ER-zero vs ER-low (0.62–1.53), p = 0.905). After preoperative treatment, the impact of pCR for OS did not significantly differ between ER-zero or ER-low disease.

Interpretation

ER-low HER2-negative breast cancer has characteristics and prognosis similar to TNBC, when treated in the same way. Therefore, it seems reasonable to use a ≥10% threshold for ER positivity. This would provide patients with ER-low tumors the same treatment opportunities as patients with TNBC, within studies and within clinical routine.

Uppsatsen undersöker hur organisationskontext i privat respektive offentlig sektor hänger

samman med hur internprissättning används som styrmedel och vilka utmaningar som

framträder i två fallorganisationer. Analysen utgår från en analytisk modell där sektor och

kontextuella skillnader relateras till internprissättningens utformning och användning, samt

upplevda styrningsutmaningar och utfall. Studien är en kvalitativ, komparativ fallstudie med

abduktiv ansats baserad på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer och riktad dokumentanalys.

Materialet tolkas med agentteori, institutionell teori och ett maktperspektiv. Resultaten tyder

på att internprissättning i det privata fallet i högre grad kopplas till resultatstyrning, vilket

sammanfaller med incitamentsrelaterade spänningar som suboptimering och

fördelningskonflikter. I det offentliga fallet används internprissättning främst för

kostnadsfördelning, spårbarhet och legitimitet, där centrala budgetjusteringar tenderar att

dämpa direkta incitamentseffekter och i stället synliggöra målkonflikter mellan kostnadsfokus

och verksamhetsmål. Sammantaget pekar fallen på att internprissättningens konsekvenser

påverkas av hur modellen är utformad och av graden av decentralisering i relation till

målstruktur och institutionella krav.

This thesis studies approximation theory related to neural-network-based methodsfor computing approximate solutions to partial differential equations(PDEs). The methods considered are; Physics-Informed Neural Networks(PINNs), PCA based model reduction(PCA-Net),and Deep Operator Networks(DeepONets). To this end, we introduce the methods and presentthe approximation theory and error analysis that surround them. In doing this, we completeseveral proofs with additional details and add supplementary material, making the theory moreaccessible to readers unfamiliar with the topic. As a model problem, we consider the Darcy flowproblem. For this, we show how to apply the error analysis for the PINN and DeepONet formulations and we make from scratch implementation of each method and use them to solve specificinstances of the Darcy problem. For the PCA-Net and DeepONet we specifically focus on theproblem where the coefficients of the partial differential equation are realizations of a randomfield. We also review the use of Kolmogorov-Arnold networks when integrated with the PINNand DeepONet architectures. Here we first make a review of the theory behind them, discusstheir implementation and proceed by presenting methods for optimizing the training proceduresof these networks, and end with a discussion of their implementation. We end the thesis with adiscussion of the results and mention a few possible directions for future work

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Achieving a healthy body composition, which involves maintaining a balance between fat and muscle mass, is important for metabolic health and preventing chronic diseases. Computed tomography (CT) imaging offers detailed insights into the body's internal structure, aiding in understanding body composition and its related factors. In this feasibility study, we utilized CT image data from 2,724 subjects from the large metabolic health cohort studies SCAPIS and IGT. We train and evaluate an uncertainty-aware deep regression based ResNet-50 network, which outputs its prediction as mean and variance, for quantification of cross-sectional areas of liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and thigh muscle. This was done using collages of three single-slice CT images from the liver, abdomen, and thigh regions. The model demonstrated promising results with the evaluation metrics - including R-squared (R²) and mean absolute error (MAE) for predictions. Additionally, for interpretability, the model was evaluated with saliency analysis based on Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) at stages 2, 3, and 4 of the network. Deformable image registration to a template subject further enabled cohort saliency analysis that provide group-wise visualization of image regions of importance for associations to biomarkers of interest. We found that the networks focus on relevant regions for each target, according to prior knowledge. The source code is available at: https://github.com/noumannahmad/dr_3slice_ct.

We consider variants of the restricted assignment problem where a set of jobs has to be assigned to a set of machines, for each job a size and a set of eligible machines is given, and the jobs may only be assigned to eligible machines with the goal of makespan minimization. For the variant with interval restrictions, where the machines can be arranged on a path such that each job is eligible on a subpath, we present the first better than 2-approximation and an improved inapproximability result. In particular, we give a (2-1/24)-approximation and show that no better than 9/8-approximation is possible, unless P=NP. Furthermore, we consider restricted assignment with R resource restrictions and rank D unrelated scheduling. In the former problem, a machine may process a job if it can meet its resource requirements regarding R (renewable) resources. In the latter, the size of a job is dependent on the machine it is assigned to and the corresponding processing time matrix has rank at most D. The problem with interval restrictions includes the 1 resource variant, is encompassed by the 2 resource variant, and regarding approximation the R resource variant is essentially a special case of the rank R+1 problem. We show that no better than 3/2, 8/7, and 3/2-approximation is possible (unless P=NP) for the 3 resource, 2 resource, and rank 3 variant, respectively. Both the approximation result for the interval case and the inapproximability result for the rank 3 variant are solutions to open challenges stated in previous works. Lastly, we also consider the reverse objective, that is, maximizing the minimal load any machine receives, and achieve similar results.

During the construction and operation of the final repository for short-lived radioactive waste (SFR) at Forsmark, nitrogen compounds are generated in drainage and leachate water, primarilyoriginating from undetonated explosives. If discharged, nitrogen compounds, mainly nitrate andammonium, may affect sensitive aquatic environments through eutrophication and toxic effects.To comply with the environmental permit requirement of 70% nitrogen removal, a nitrogentreatment system including a nitrifying sprayfilter and three denitrifying bioreactors wereinstalled. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of the nitrogen treatmentsystem, focusing on the nitrification and denitrification processes, as well as to assess if theestablished nitrogen removal target is technically and environmentally relevant. The evaluation isbased on operational conditions and monitoring data collected between 2025-03-20 and 2025-10-22, supplemented with a tracer test to compare theoretical and measured hydraulic retentiontime.

Results show that the average nitrogen removal rates in the bioreactors were 3.9-6.8 g NO₂^-+NO₃^-d^-1 m^-3. The sprayfilter exhibited a declining ammonium removal efficiency, with a maximum of 27%, likely limited by phosphate deficiency. The combined nitrogen removal across the sprayfilterand bioreactors, expressed as total nitrogen, was 81%, thereby meeting the preliminary targetduring the period. Correlation analyses revealed bioreactor-specific correlations betweenremoval efficiency (%) and DOC and PO₄^3--P. For the isolated bioreactors, the removal efficiencyadditionally correlated with temperature and water flow. Temperature, along with nitrate and totalnitrogen, showed strong positive correlations with nitrogen removal rates in all bioreactors.

The tracer test indicated that the actual hydraulic retention time in BR2 was substantially shorterthan the theoretical value, suggesting the presence of preferential flow paths. Overall, the studydemonstrates that the nitrogen treatment system has significant potential but requires continuedadjustment and monitoring to further evaluate and optimize treatment performance, while alsoproviding important insights into hydraulic constraints and biological processes relevant forsystem optimization.

Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är ett allvarligt globalt problem. Det innebär kränkningar av grundläggande mänskliga rättigheter i strid med FN:s deklaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna, kvinnokonventionen, barnkonventionen, konvention om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning och Europarådets Istanbulkonvention. Det är såväl ett jämställdhetsproblem som ett hälsoproblem och omfattas av regeringens femte, sjätte och sjunde jämställdhetspolitiska delmål; Jämställd hälsa, Mäns våld mot kvinnor ska upphöra och Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck ska upphöra. Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är även ett brott mot svensk lagstiftning, där de olika brottsliga handlingarna handlar om att bevara eller återupprätta en persons, en familjs, en släkts eller motsvarande grupps heder. Det kan röra sig om frihetsberövande, tvång, äktenskapstvång, barnäktenskap, vilseledande till äktenskapsresa, könsstympning, av flickor och kvinnor, hot, kränkande fotografering, ofredande, misshandel samt mord eller mordförsök. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka yrkesverksammas upplevelse av arbetet med personer med funktionsnedsättning och erfarenheter av att leva i en hederskontext. Ett delsyfte är att undersöka hur vuxna med funktionsnedsättning och erfarenheter av att leva i en hederskontextuell miljö redogör för sin utsatthet samt sina erfarenheter av stöd- och hjälpinsatser från samhället. Uppdraget har utgått från Myndigheten för delaktighet (MFD) som har fått regeringens uppdrag att mot bakgrund av ett tidigare regeringsuppdrag genomföra en fördjupad kartläggning av hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck mot personer med funktionsnedsättning. Mot denna bakgrund har MFD lämnat uppdraget att genomföra denna studie till forskarna Siv-Britt Björktomta vid Uppsala universitet samt Helén Olsson vid Mittuniversitetet. Studien består av fem kvalitativa delstudier med dels yrkesverksamma, dels personer med funktionsnedsättning och egen erfarenhet av utsatthet. Sammanlagt har 30 intervjuer med 38 yrkesverksamma genomförts enskilt och i grupp. Därutöver har 10 enskilda intervjuer genomförts med personer med någon form av funktionsnedsättning samt egna erfarenheter av en hederskontext. Helén Olsson har ansvarat för datainsamling, analys av data samt tillhörande resultatdiskussion i delstudie 1. Siv-Britt Björktomta har ansvarat för datainsamling, analys av data samt tillhörande resultatdiskussion i delstudie 2–5

Using e(+)e(-) collision data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 20 fb(-1) collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we present a measurement of the Born cross section for the process e(+)e(-) -> pK(-)K(-) (Xi) over bar (+) at 39 center-of-mass energies between 3.5 and 4.9 GeV with a partial reconstruction technique. By performing a fit to the dressed cross section of e(+)e(-) -> pK(-)K(-) (Xi) over bar (+) with a power law function for continuum production and one resonance at a time for the psi(3770), psi(4040), psi(4160), psi(4230), psi(4360), psi(4415) or psi(4660), respectively, the upper limits for the product of partial electronic width and branching fraction into the final state pK(-)K(-) (Xi) over bar (+) for these resonances are determined at the 90% confidence level.

With data collected in a dedicated energy scan from 2.3864 up to 3.0800 GeV, the BESIII Collaboration provides the first complete energy-dependent measurements of the Λ electromagnetic form factors in the timelike region. By combining double-tag and single-tag events from the 𝑒+⁢𝑒−→Λ⁢¯Λ→𝑝⁢𝜋−⁢¯𝑝⁢𝜋+ reaction, we achieve a complete decomposition of the spin structure of the reaction at five energy points, with high statistical and systematic precision. Our data reveal that while the modulus of the ratio between the electric and magnetic form factor, 𝑅⁡(𝑞2)=|𝐺𝐸⁡(𝑞2)/𝐺𝑀⁡(𝑞2)|, remains fairly constant across the considered energy range, the relative phase Δ⁢Φ⁡(𝑞2)=Φ𝐸⁡(𝑞2)−Φ𝑀⁡(𝑞2) changes by more than 90° between 2.396 and 2.6544 GeV. Using a fit to our data based on dispersion relations, the complex form factor ratio is determined as a function of 𝑞2, and the preferred solution has multiple zero-crossings in the complex plane. From the derivative of the ratio at 𝑞2 =0, the root-mean-squared charge radius of the Λ is obtained. The two most probable solutions yield a negative root-mean-squared charge radius, indicating an asymmetric charge distribution where the 𝑑⁢𝑠 quark pair lies close to the center of the Λ hyperon.

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles essential for cellular energy production. However, they are also a primary source of reactive oxygen species, making them particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. To preserve mitochondrial integrity, cells employ quality control mechanisms such as mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy that targets damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria for degradation. Among the key regulators of mitophagy are the sirtuins, a family of NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases. SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 generally promote mitophagy, whereas SIRT2, SIRT4, SIRT5, and SIRT7 often act as negative regulators. Sirtuin-mediated regulation of mitophagy is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to provide an overview focused on describing how sirtuins influence the mitophagy process. It highlights the different molecular mechanisms by which individual members of the sirtuin family modulate mitophagy, either by promoting or suppressing it, depending on the context. In addition, the review explores the relevance of sirtuin-regulated mitophagy in health and disease, emphasizing some conditions under which altered sirtuin activity could be harnessed for therapeutic benefit.

Accurate knowledge of the energy deposition of slow ions in solids is essential for modelling plasma-material interactions. While nuclear stopping can be reliably predicted through simulations electronic stopping at very low energies remains challenging to determine. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate how crystallographic structure and surface orientation affect the backscattering probability and impact parameters of low-energy He in fcc and bcc metals. On this basis we evaluate challenges for typical approaches to assess electronic stopping. Close-packed surface orientations yield higher backscattering and smaller mean impact parameters due to reduced channel sizes, with characteristic differences for different crystal structures. For fcc Au, the (1 1 1) surface behaves similarly to a pseudo-amorphous target, whereas for bcc W, the (1 1 0) surface shows a significantly lower backscattering probability. These structural effects can explain the observed energy scaling of the electronic stopping power in some bcc material systems extracted from relative measurements using fcc reference materials. The results furthermore highlight that crystallographic orientation and impactparameter selectivity can strongly bias measurements of electronic stopping at low energies, severely challenging the applicability of a single global electronic stopping cross section.

This article examines the actions taken by the poet Concha Lagos within the literary circuit of Francoist Spain to restore the poetry of exiled female authors, focusing on her relationship with Ernestina de Champourcin. To carry out this analysis, the study explores Champourcin's participation as an author in the Ágora project led by Lagos, examines their correspondence, and reconstructs the dialogue they established through their poetic proposals. The research is framed within the field of Spanish transnational studies and engages with the notion of responsibility and the consequences of exercising it under Francoism.

Tropical forest canopies are the biosphere's most concentrated atmospheric interface for carbon, water and energy(1,2). However, in most Earth System Models, the diverse and heterogeneous tropical forest biome is represented as a largely uniform ecosystem with either a singular or a small number of fixed canopy ecophysiological properties(3). This situation arises, in part, from a lack of understanding about how and why the functional properties of tropical forest canopies vary geographically(4). Here, by combining field-collected data from more than 1,800 vegetation plots and tree traits with satellite remote-sensing, terrain, climate and soil data, we predict variation across 13 morphological, structural and chemical functional traits of trees, and use this to compute and map the functional diversity of tropical forests. Our findings reveal that the tropical Americas, Africa and Asia tend to occupy different portions of the total functional trait space available across tropical forests. Tropical American forests are predicted to have 40% greater functional richness than tropical African and Asian forests. Meanwhile, African forests have the highest functional divergence-32% and 7% higher than that of tropical American and Asian forests, respectively. An uncertainty analysis highlights priority regions for further data collection, which would refine and improve these maps. Our predictions represent a ground-based and remotely enabled global analysis of how and why the functional traits of tropical forest canopies vary across space.

Idrottsföreningar kan förklaras som viktiga i både skapandet och bevarandet av social sammanhållning ilandsbygdskommuner. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken betydelse Edsbyns IF Bandy har för Ovanåkers kommun där socialt kapital och platsidentitet är centrala begrepp. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ undersökning där sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med representanter från Ovanåkers kommun, Edsbyns IF Bandy och invånare i Ovanåkers kommun. Resultaten visar att Edsbyns IF Bandy fungerar som en viktig mötesplats som bidrar till gemenskap och en starkare platsidentitet. Det framkommer också att bandyverksamhetens positiva sociala effekter inte omfattar alla invånare av olika skäl, vilket är något som kan öka risken för exkluderande känslor. Samtidigt visar studien att Edsbyns IF Bandy arbetar för ökad inkludering på flera sätt. Studien bidrar därför med förståelse om att Edsbyns IF Bandy kan stärka det sociala kapitalet i Ovanåkers kommun och bidra till en starkare platsidentitet. Mot denna bakgrund kan idrott ses som en viktig aspekt när det kommer till samhällsplanering i en landsbygdskommun.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly adopted by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). While digital literacy is high in Sweden, AI adoption is still low. Understanding how SMEs adopt AI is practically and academically relevant, especially in Sweden. This thesis aims to study the factors that affect AI adoption in Swedish SMEs, drawing on insights from both leaders and employees. Utilising qualitative research, eight semi-structured interviews with leaders and employees from four Swedish SMEs were conducted. Through thematic analysis, six themes emerged: “Perceived Complexity and Data Dependency”, “Essential Skills for Effective and Successful AI Use”, “Lack of AI Knowledge as a Prominent Skill Gap”, “Positive Resistance: Caution as a Constructive Force”, “Informal, Curiosity-Driven Learning Cultures”, and “Regulatory and Ethical Aspects of AI Adoption”. The study applies the Technology–Organisation–Environment framework and institutional theory to explain how macro-pressures influence organisational micro-processes in response to AI. By offering a role-inclusive empirical account, the study contributes to the literature by advancing understanding of AI adoption in SMEs. The findings indicate that AI adoption is shaped less by technological capability alone and more by organisational conditions, human judgement and environmental forces. This study contributes to the literature by including insights from both leaders and employees. 

Background: In pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients, 27-62% have been reported to have difficulties in one or more neurocognitive domains. Also higher rates of mental health issues have been reported, further underscoring the importance of evaluating broader support needs. We aimed to investigate to what extent children and adolescents with newly diagnosed IIH received broad multidisciplinary assessments, as well as educational and weight-management support.

Methods: A population-based single center cohort study, included patients younger than 18 years of age when diagnosed with IIH according to the Friedman criteria, during 2000-2020. A cross-sectional interview survey and retrospective chart review were performed to investigate the frequency of broad multidisciplinary assessments at IIH diagnosis and need of educational support.

Results: Interviews were conducted with 61% (28 of 46) identified patients. According to medical records (N = 46), assessments were conducted by a psychologist in 7%, a physiotherapist in 4%, a social worker in 4%, and a special education teacher in 0%. Among patients with overweight or obesity, 67% were referred to a dietitian for weight management support. Dietitian involvement was more likely in obese than overweight patients, 86% versus 38% (P = 0.04). In addition, 64% of the interviewed patients reported a need for educational support, of whom half (32%) did not receive adequate support in school.

Conclusions: Broad multidisciplinary assessments were uncommon among pediatric patients diagnosed with IIH. There was a high unmet need for educational support. Routine monitoring for neurocognitive impairments and educational needs should be part of pediatric IIH management. A broad multidisciplinary approach would best meet this need.

Vinstvarningar utgör negativa informationshändelser som i tidigare forskning har visats ge upphov till kraftigt negativa marknadsreaktioner i form av kumulativ abnormal avkastning. Enligt finansiell teori kan aktiers likviditet påverka hur snabbt och kraftigt ny information inprisas, där ägarstruktur, mätt genom graden av free float, utgör ett centralt mått.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka om graden av free float påverkar den kumulativa abnormala avkastningen vid offentliggörandet av vinstvarningar för företag noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm under perioden 2022-2025. Analysen genomförs med eventstudie-metodik och multipel regressionsanalys baserad på 78 vinstvarningar.

Resultaten visar att det inte föreligger något statistiskt signifikant samband mellan graden av free float och den kumulativa abnormala avkastningen. Däremot påvisas ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan företagens börsnoteringsålder och marknadsreaktionen, där mer etablerade företag tenderar att uppvisa mindre negativa kursreaktioner. Sammantaget indikerar resultaten att ägarstruktur, mätt genom free float, har begränsad betydelse för kortsiktiga marknadsreaktioner vid vinstvarningar i svensk kontext.

Digitaliseringens framväxt har förändrat förutsättningarna för företags internationella etablering och påverkar hur de uppfattas av sin omgivning. Att uppnå legitimitet blir därmed en central faktor vid digital internationalisering. Studien syftar till att undersöka olika legitimitetsutmaningar som uppstår i denna kontext samt hur de hanteras. 

Studien baseras på intervjuer med representanter från nio digitalt grundade företag verksamma inom olika branscher. Resultaten indikerar att legitimitet förutsättningsvis är av central betydelse vid internationalisering, även när verksamheten bedrivs digitalt. Utmaningarna handlar främst om hur företaget uppfattas av olika intressenter snarare än om tekniska eller geografiska hinder. Studien visar att trovärdighet, lokal anpassning och relationer till intressenter är särskilt betydelsefulla i ett digitalt sammanhang. Fysisk närvaro upplevs som en viktig legitimitetsfaktor trots att företagen är digitalt orienterade. Samtidigt kvarstår osäkerhet kring varför fysisk närvaro upplevs ha betydelse och i vilka situationer den är avgörande. Respondenterna förklarar olika strategier för att kompensera för avsaknad av fysisk närvaro genom digitala strategier.

Authoritarian leaders increasingly engage with gender in different ways. While some subscribe to the "anti-gender" agenda and roll back gender equality achievements, others compete over who is the more gender equal. This essay reconciles these seemingly contradictory positions by referring to genderbashing and genderwashing as two authoritarian signalling strategies. Genderbashing occurs when authoritarian leaders strategically exploit fears and insecurities in the citizenry by cracking down on women's rights, while genderwashing involves authoritarians pushing through gender equality reforms to appear liberal and mitigate criticism about democratic deficiencies. Both strategies threaten democracy as well as the empowerment, well-being, and security of women in authoritarian contexts.

Direct injection of hydrogels loaded with therapeutics holds great promise for tissue regeneration; however, injectable hydrogels typically fill defect spaces without spatiotemporal control, which is critical for regenerating certain tissues. Conversely, 3D printing enables the fabrication of patterned hydrogel constructs but often requires invasive surgical implantation. Here, we present a novel strategy for the non-invasive delivery of 3Dprinted constructs. Specifically, we developed gallic acid-modified hyaluronic acid (HA) that was crosslinked for the first time using potassium iodide (KI) as a catalyst, without the need for an initiator or light exposure. This also enabled protein conjugation with gelatin and collagen to obtain an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic ink for 3D printing. We determined the distinct pKa values of the phenolic hydroxy groups of gallol-modified HA, which were utilized to achieve 3D printing at acidic pH, followed by efficient solution-free covalent crosslinking using ammonia gas to ensure complete crosslinking. This approach enabled efficient printing through fine nozzles (G32) and produced robust structures. The printed scaffolds were subsequently loaded into a larger needle and injected, demonstrating shape-memory properties by retaining their geometry post-injection. Furthermore, the scaffolds supported stem cell coating, where the stemness and differentiation of stem cells could be modulated by hydrogel composition and culture conditions, including chondrogenic differentiation towards cartilage-like constructs using TGF-β3. This strategy offers a versatile platform for developing HA-based hydrogels capable of protein conjugation, 3D printing, cell or biomolecule coating, and minimally invasive implantation while maintaining structural fidelity.

Background: Only half of patients appear adherent to antihypertensive treatment. If so, the effectiveness in prevention against adverse cardiovascular outcomes may depend more on a drugs' side effects than its blood pressure effects. We hypothesized that initiating treatment with a particular antihypertensive drug class will determine later persistence.

Methods: We applied a new-user trial emulation approach to multiple mandatory health-care registers in Sweden. All individuals starting antihypertensive treatment with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), calcium channel blocker (CCB), thiazide/thiazide-like diuretic (TD), or single-pill combination of two drugs (SPC) in 2011-2018 were assessed for inclusion. Patients with prior cardiovascular disease or diabetes were excluded. Persistence was defined using dispensed prescription refills with at least 80% adherence. We applied multistate Poisson regression models adjusting for age, sex, obesity, birth country, education, income, marital status and year of initiation. The study period was January 1st 2011-December 31st 2019.

Findings: A total of 341,182 patients were included. Initiating antihypertensive treatment with an ARB was associated with a larger proportion continuing their original drug class, or indeed any antihypertensive drug class, at any time during the five years of follow-up. At three years, 44.7% (CI 43.7-45.7) of the ARB initiators were continuously persistent to their original drug class. The corresponding number if intermittent discontinuations were allowed was 81.8% (CI 80.9-82.8). Overall, if intermittent discontinuations and changes between classes were allowed, about 80% of all new users of antihypertensive drugs (regardless of class at initiation) were persistent to at least one antihypertensive drug class over 5 years.

Interpretation: Initiating treatment with an ARB is associated with the best long-term class persistence and least treatment changes. The "rule of halves" should be replaced with the insight that, after the first year, at least 4 out of 5 patients take their antihypertensive drug at least 4 out of 5 days.

By analyzing ð10087 44Þ × 10 6J=ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII, thedecays J=ψ → Ξ0 ¯ΛK0S þ c:c:, J=ψ → Ξ0 ¯Σ0K0S þ c:c:, and J=ψ → Ξ0 ¯Σ−Kþ þ c:c: are observedfor the first time. Their branching fractions are determined to be BðJ=ψ → Ξ0 ¯ΛK0S þ c:c:Þ ¼ð3.76 0.14 0.23Þ × 10−5, BðJ=ψ → Ξ0 ¯Σ0K0S þ c:c:Þ ¼ ð2.24 0.32 0.31Þ × 10−5, and BðJ=ψ →Ξ0 ¯Σ−Kþ þ c:c:Þ ¼ ð5.64 0.17 0.28Þ × 10−5, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.

We present two extensive sets of 3500+1000 simulations of dark matter haloes on the past light cone and two corresponding sets of simulated (mock) galaxy catalogues that represent the spectroscopic sample of Euclid. The simulations were produced with the latest version of the code Pinocchio and provide the largest public set of simulated skies. The mock galaxy catalogues were obtained by populating haloes with galaxies using an halo occupation distribution (HOD) model extracted from the Flagship galaxy catalogue provided by Euclid Collaboration. The Geppetto set of 3500 simulated skies was obtained by tiling a 1.2 h(-1) Gpc box to cover a light cone whose sky footprint is a circle with a radius of 30 degrees for an area of 2763 deg(2) and a minimum halo mass of 1.5x10(11)h(-1) M-circle dot. The relatively small size of the box means that this set is unsuitable for measuring very large scales. The EuclidLargeBox set consists of 1000 simulations of 3.38 h(-1) Gpc and has the same mass resolution and a footprint that covers half of the sky. It excludes the Milky Way zone of avoidance. From this, we produced a set of 1000 EuclidLargeMocks on the 30 degrees radius footprint, whose comoving volume is fully contained in the simulation box. We validated the two sets of catalogues by analysing number densities, power spectra, and two-point correlation functions to show that the Flagship spectroscopic catalogue is consistent with being one of the realisations of the simulated sets. We noted small deviations, however, that are limited to the quadrupole at k>0.2 h Mpc(-1). We infer the cosmological parameters from these catalogues and demonstrate that using one realisation of EuclidLargeMocks in place of the Flagship mock produces the same posteriors to within the expected shift given by the sample variance. These simulated skies will be used for the galaxy clustering analysis of the Euclid Data Release 1 (DR1), and an even larger set of simulations is planned for the next releases.

Background: Colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases (PM) presents a significant therapeutic challenge. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is one option to prolong survival. While completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score 0 is associated with improved outcomes, the clinical value of near-complete CC-score 1 versus open-close laparotomy (CC-3) remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluates overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer PM scheduled for CRS and HIPEC from 23 global peritoneal-surface oncology centers from 2006 to 2023. A propensity score matching was performed using tumor location (colon/rectum), lymph node status, liver metastases, signet-ring histology, preoperative chemotherapy, peritoneal cancer index, and treatment year. Matching was performed using the nearest neighbor method with a caliper of 0.1, chosen after several iterations to optimize intergroup balance. Balance was assessed using standardized mean differences. Sensitivity analyses with alternative calipers and multivariable Cox regression in the unmatched cohort were considered to test the robustness of the findings. The study time-period was divided into 4 equal quartiles for analysis.

Results: In the unmatched cohort (n = 284), patients with CC-1 had significantly longer median OS compared to those with CC-3 (22.2 vs. 9.4 months, p < 0.001). After 1:1 matching (n = 172), the OS advantage of CC-1 persisted, with a median OS of 18.9 months (95 % CI: 14.2-24.7) versus 10.5 months (95 % CI: 9.4-12.3) for CC-3, p < 0.0001, HR 0.4 (95 % CI:0.27-0.56). Multivariable Cox regression confirmed CC-1 as a significant predictor of survival (HR: 0.15, 95 % CI: 0.08-0.26). The CC-1 proportion went from 55 to 65 % in time-periods 1 & 2-39 % in period 3, to 11 % in period 4; leading to significantly reduced survival rates in the latter time-periods 3 & 4.

Discussion: Near complete cytoreduction is associated with improved overall survival compared to open-close laparotomy. Prospective or standardized multicenter analyses will be required to confirm the clinical value of a near complete cytoreduction.

Large surface proteins in bacteria serve important functions in aggregation, biofilm formation, and cell interaction processes. In Apilactobacillus kunkeei, a defensive symbiont of the honeybee Apis mellifera, as much as 6% of the 1.5 Mb genome consists of 5 consecutive genes for extracellular surface proteins of 3,000 to 8,000 amino acids, named Giant1-5. Here, we predict the structures of these proteins and provide a study of their origin and evolution. The structure predictions suggest that the Giant1-4 proteins contain a β-solenoid domain at their N-terminal ends with similarity to the β-solenoid domain in serine-rich repeat proteins, which mediates binding to glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and epithelial cells. Phylogenetic analyses based on the β-solenoid domains of the Giant1-3 proteins indicate sequence exchange between 2 genera of otherwise distantly related obligate fructophilic lactic acid bacteria, while the diversification of the positional homologs of the giant1-3 genes in the A. kunkeei population is mostly due to short, intra-genic recombination events. Genes for the Giant4-5 proteins were only identified in A. kunkeei and 2 closely related bacterial species, suggesting that they were added to the giant gene cluster more recently. The phylogenetic analyses indicate co-evolution of the giant4-5 genes in A. kunkeei, and the near sequence identity of one of the 2 giant4-5 subtypes correlates with predicted recombination events that span across both genes. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution of very large surface proteins in the bacterial ecosystem adapted to the carbohydrate-rich growth niches provided by bees, their food sources, and food products.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common peripartum complication with approximately 13-17% of women being affected. About 30-50% continue to have symptoms 12 months postpartum. Earlier studies have examined women's experiences of treatments to evaluate their effectiveness in supporting women's recovery from PPD. Studies implementing a broader qualitative research focus-exploring factors associated with both personal circumstances and the health care system, and their perceived contribution to remission-are currently lacking.

Aim: To identify the factors women with short- and long-term PPD symptoms view as most important for faster remission.

Method: Participants from a Swedish cohort study (Mom2B) with depressive symptoms above the clinical cut-off of 11 on the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale early postpartum, were invited to participate in an interview study. Semi-structure interviews were performed online (n = 12) or via telephone (n = 6). The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Systematic Text Condensation.

Results: Five themes describing factors of importance for recovery from PPD were identified; 1) Others take responsibility; 2) Practical support; 3) Emotional validation; 4) Thresholds and 5) Struggling to prioritize oneself.

Conclusion: Synthesized from the resulting themes, a five-stage recovery process was identified: realization of symptoms, acceptance, recognizing the need for help, knowledge, and receiving help. This study highlights the key factors in PPD recovery from the perspective of affected women, providing insights to inform and improve postpartum care. The results can help staff visualize the process, which makes them better equipped to support the women effectively.

In a spirit of dialogue, this article engages Yaqing Qin’s relational theory of world politics in a conversation by trying to relate it to Western theoretical partners outside of his (mainly Anglo-American) individualist and rationalist focus. The central piece of the analysis is Qin’s relationalism, which provides the link between different levels of theorizing: as an ontology, it allows us to approach a different Weltanschauung or cosmology; as a theory, it purports to understand and explain how politicians act; as a hermeneutic bridge, it allows outsiders to understand the meaning of Chinese foreign policy actions; and as a strategy, it develops Confucian-inspired practical maxims and provides means to assess whether actors live up to them. This article will unpack his relationalism at these levels. It argues that by trying to closely match a single theory at all levels—in itself a highly respectable endeavor from which many scholars regrettably recoil—Qin underutilizes his ontological insights. By trying to provide the underlying inspirations that should help outside observers to correctly interpret Chinese conduct in world affairs, practice is read back into theory so that his relationalism becomes unnecessarily agency-centric and ends up underestimating relations of impersonal and non-conflictual power or domination. The move also forestalls other theoretical solutions arguably more faithful to his ontology, such as social theories of recognition with which it could be in dialogue. Finally, on the level of foreign policy strategy, the article invites exploration of the similarities between the open diplomatic process envisaged by Qin and the Helsinki process, as well as trust or confidence building measures in a system of diffuse reciprocity, as envisaged by (true) multilateralism.

Against the backdrop of reframing the climate change-security nexus as peace politics in the Anthropocene, thearticle proposes to foreground political processes in the analysis, methodologically, conceptually and normatively.Methodologically, it shows how existing approaches which start from either the one or the other end ofthe nexus tend to crowd out the central place of political processes. Starting with climate in the elaboration of thecausal path, and despite multiple attempts to overcome all-to-easy determinisms, the analysis still tends toexternalize nature in the explanation. Starting from violent conflict for the analysis of environmental security, itsimilarly sees war as something external to political processes, which a conceptual switch to think security frompeace would avoid. These shortcomings lead to a proposed change in the research design. While the classicalsetup is a typical outside-in design, where the domestic institutions provide the intervening variables to explaindiverse outcomes for similar climate facts, the more socio-political design is inside-out in that it starts from theperceptions and understandings of the local actors, as well as the socio-political processes, such as the socialconventions and repertoires of conflict resolution mechanisms, that may lead to resilience, conflict or peaceunder certain climatic conditions, also affecting the latter. Finally, the article engages with the normativeproblem of political agency under potentially radical uncertainty. It discusses an ethics of prudence as a possiblesolution, showing its attraction and limits as a relatively empty signifier that relies on moderation and lessons ofthe past.

Xi Jinping is the leader of one of the world's most powerful countries since 2012. He has great influence to say the least and his thoughts and ideas are important to consider in order to understand the direction of the Chinese Communist Party.

This essay, through the use of thematic analysis, takes a look at Xi Jinping’s speech Speech at the forum on literature and art in Beijing on the 15th of October 2014. The analysis wants to understand is what could be identified as the most important themes surrounding what is considered “good” respectively “bad” art and literature in the speech. These themes are thereafter used to make an additional analysis on articles in the People’s Daily. The articles have been chosen with a timeframe fråm 15 October 2014 to 15 October 2016 and are all focused on Xi Jinping's speech. The essay wants to understand how these themes are expressed in the articles and what conclusions can be drawn from it.

The essay is based on a theoretic framework surrounding soft power. Where soft power on both international as well as national level is taken into account in order to try to understand what role art and literature is supposed to play under Xi Jinping's leadership. All themes ultimately point to the fact that increasing soft power is the primary mission of art and literature both in the global arena and within the country's borders.

The study investigated the relationship between how child welfare social workers (n = 309) assessed their first-line managers’ leadership and how they perceived their working conditions. A cross-sectional survey, based on the QPS Nordic questionnaire, was conducted in Stockholm County, Sweden. The analyses focused on the extent to which social workers assessed the leadership of their first-line managers to be empowering, supportive, and fair, and how they perceived quantitative demands, learning demands, control of decisions, role clarity, and role conflicts at work. Supportive leadership was most clearly related to working conditions and was significantly associated with how all working conditions were perceived. The more supportive the social workers assessed the leadership to be, the lower they perceived quantitative demands, learning demands, and role conflicts, along with more control of decisions and role clarity. There were less frequent associations between how working conditions were perceived and how fair leadership and empowering leadership, respectively, were assessed. The importance of leadership is underlined, especially in regard to supporting the social workers when needed. The findings show the importance of child welfare organizations ensuring that managers can provide consistent support and guidance in relation to problems and dilemmas the social workers might encounter.

Selectivity in sensitive biosensing requires avoiding multi-enzyme-like activity, but suppressing the multi-enzyme-like activity of transition metals remains challenging. Recently, planar hyper-coordinate states have led to an emerging family of 2D materials with strong planar confinement. Here, we propose a possible strategy to enhance the selectivity of biosensing using planar hyper-coordinate transition metals, and verified our strategy through simulations of the planar hyper-coordinate 2D materials ScCN₃B₆ and the non-planar 2D material YCN₃B₆ for the adsorption of biomolecules, including adenosine, ascorbic acid, and nucleobases. Breaking the planar confinement of ScCN₃B₆ leads to enhanced adsorption of analytes. In contrast, YCN₃B₆ does not show selectivity in the same systems compared with ScCN₃B₆. Therefore, whether the planar confinement is broken provides a possible route to enhance selectivity. Moreover, the arrangement and synergy of transition metal active sites improve the adsorption energy to specific molecular structures. The development of planar hyper-coordinate transition metals opens a fertile playground for highly selective label-free biosensing.

Background

Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus L. (Rosaceae), is traditionally harvested as food in northern Scandinavia. It is rich in vitamins C, A and E, and antioxidants. This berry has gained much cultural, economic, nutritional, social and symbolic importance in Sweden during the past century. Cloudberries are an important part of culinary heritage.

Methodology

This qualitative diachronic study analyses historical data available in archives and published collections, fragmentary notes in literature and relevant modern data, using a historical ethnobiological approach.

Results

Cloudberry is the third most important wild berry species gathered for human consumption in Sweden. The berries were earlier preserved in wooden barrels during the long circumpolar winter; now they are usually frozen or made into jam and other processed products and sold throughout the country. Difficult access to growth areas, weather fluctuations, timing of harvest and lack of gatherers make harvesting challenging. Commercial harvesting has gone from being a sideline income source for the northern peasants to engaging imported seasonal workers mainly from Southeast Asia.

Conclusion

This historical overview reveals that local berry picking is decreasing in recent decades. Fluctuations in local weather and lack of foragers influence the availability of cloudberry on the market. In 2025, there were neither enough workers nor berries, and the prices of cloudberry products have risen steeply. The cloudberry, which has enjoyed several decades of popularity both in haute cuisine and among ordinary consumers, will perhaps return to a local wild food gathered only for household needs.

Background

Emotional dysregulation (ED) is increasingly recognized as a clinically significant and functionally impairing dimension of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), particularly in individuals with the combined presentation and in females (Beheshti et al., BMC Pscyhiatry 20:120,2020, Shaw et al., Am J Psychiat 171:276-293, 2014, Karalunas et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry 64:55-65,2023). Despite this recognition, pharmacological strategies specifically targeting ED remain underexplored (Caye et al., Lancet Psychiatry 8:7956-810,2021, Krieger et al., J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 29:186-194,2019).

Objective

To synthesize and evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for emotional dysregulation in ADHD, with stratification by sex and ADHD subtype.

Methods

This meta-analysis included 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025 that utilized validated instruments to assess ED (e.g., CBCL-DP (Grizenko et al., J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56:984-992,2017), DERS (Beheshti et al., BMC Pscyhiatry 20:120,2020), BRIEF(Mahone et al., J Atten Disord 20:673-684,2016, Musser et al., J Abnorm Child Psychol 48:L683-695,2020)). The studies evaluated the effects of both stimulant medications (e.g., methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine) and non-stimulant agents (e.g., atomoxetine, guanfacine) (Krieger et al., J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 29:186-194,2019, Grizenko et al., J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56:984-992,2017, Waltereit et al., Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2:1547672,2025). Data were extracted on age, medication class, stratification variables, and pre-/post-treatment ED outcomes.

Results

Most stimulant treatments were associated with significant reductions in ED, particularly among individuals with the combined ADHD subtype (Caye et al., Lancet Psychiatry 8:7956-810,2021, Grizenko et al., J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56:984-992,2017, Posner et al., Biol Psychiatry: Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 6:142-151,2021). Guanfacine and atomoxetine demonstrated moderate efficacy, especially in individuals with the inattentive subtype and in females (Krieger et al., J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 29:186-194,2019, Waltereit et al., Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2:1547672,2025, Schmid et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry 66:512-523,2025). Several studies reported sex differences in both baseline ED severity and treatment response (Beheshti et al., BMC Pscyhiatry 20:120,2020, Karalunas et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry 64:55-65,2023, Reinhardt et al., BMC Psychiatry 24:153,2024, Wigal et al., J Atten Disord 29:706-723,2025).

Conclusion

Pharmacological treatment significantly reduces emotional dysregulation in ADHD, with central stimulants demonstrating the strongest efficacy. Clinicians should incorporate sex and ADHD subtype-specific stratifications to optimize personalized pharmacological strategies and improve patient outcomes (Beheshti et al., BMC Pscyhiatry 20:120,2020, Caye et al., Lancet Psychiatry 8:7956-810,2021, Karalunas et al., J Child Psychol Psychiatry 64:55-65,2023).

This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Climate adaptation in insects can proceed via responses in life-history traits and their thermal plasticity and through phenological shifts mediated by responses to photoperiodic cues (photoperiodism). While experimental studies demonstrate evolutionary potential for both modes of adaptation, it remains unclear how evolution will unfold in natural populations, limiting our ability to predict how insects will respond to climate change. Here, we review the literature and analyze published studies revealing that photoperiodism for diapause induction evolves predictably along latitude, with high-latitude populations entering diapause earlier. In contrast, although a few species showed clinal variation in life history and thermal plasticity, the direction of these clines was not consistent across taxa. These findings suggest that while insect life history and physiological adaptation to temperature can evolve, phenological shifts via evolution of photoperiodism are likely to be more common and predictable responses to future climate change.

To better understand how climate warming affects population dynamics, empirical studies are needed that examine how temperature, density-dependent competition, and their interaction influence growth and mortality. In predatory aquatic invertebrates, such competition often manifests as cannibalism, making them valuable model systems for investigating complex ecological responses to environmental change.

We conducted a laboratory experiment over 6 weeks to characterise the growth and mortality of larvae of the dragonfly Sympetrum vulgatum in response to intraspecific density (1, 2, 4 and 10 larvae per microcosm) and temperature (20°C and 26°C).

We found strong negative density-dependent effects on both growth and survival. Cannibalism was the primary cause of mortality and thus the main factor influencing survival, whereas non-cannibalistic mortality was minimal. Temperature had a positive effect on growth but negatively impacted survival.

A significant interaction between temperature and week indicated that the difference in growth rates between temperatures decreased over the experimental period. A significant three-way interaction among temperature, density, and time suggested that these factors influence growth rates in complex, dynamic ways. Interestingly, no three-way interaction was observed for cannibalism, indicating that this behaviour may be driven primarily by density rather than by temperature or time.

Our results highlight the importance of density-dependent interactions, particularly cannibalism, in shaping population responses to environmental change. To improve predictions of responses to warming, models should incorporate both abiotic factors including temperature and biotic factors such as intraspecific competition. This might be especially crucial for predatory invertebrates including aquatic insects.

Byggbranschen i Sverige är sedan länge starkt mansdominerad och lärandet på arbetsplatsen sker till stor del i det dagliga arbetet. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur kvinnor i byggbranschen upplever och beskriver kollegialt och informellt lärande, samt hur könsnormer och arbetsplatskultur påverkar kvinnors möjligheter till lärande och delaktighet i gemenskapen på arbetsplatsen. I denna studie avser begreppet informellt lärande det lärande som sker utanför formella utbildningar, medan begreppet kollegialt lärande avser lärandet som sker i samspel med kollegor i det dagliga arbetet. Studien strävar efter att besvara syftet genom en kvalitativ metodansats som genomförs med semistrukturerade intervjuer. I studien deltog fem kvinnor med skilda yrkesroller, samtliga verksamma inom byggbranschen. Materialet analyseras med utgångspunkt i Wengers begrepp, praktikgemenskaper samt Wahl, Holgersson, Höök & Linghag perspektiv om könade organisationer. Resultatet analyseras genom en tematisk analys, vilket resulterar i tre huvudteman. Det första temat är att lära i praktiken – Kollegialt stöd och krav på att klara sig själv, det andra temat är tillträde till gemenskapen och modet att ställa frågor samt det tredje temat är könade organisationskulturer och villkorat deltagande i lärandet. Resultatet visar att kvinnornas lärande i stor utsträckning sker genom det dagliga arbetet. Vidare framkommer att stöd från kollegor är av stor betydelse för möjligheten att ta del av lärandet. Samtidigt visar resultaten att tillgången till lärande i hög grad påverkas av arbetsplatsens gemenskap, jargong och synen på misstag. Vidare framkommer att kvinnor och män möts av olika förväntningar i fråga om kompetens och vid situationer där mäns ord väger tyngre. Slutligen visar resultaten i denna studie att informellt och kollegialt lärande i byggbranschen inte endast handlar om individuellt engagemang, utan vem som får tillträde till de gemenskaper där lärandet äger rum samt de könade villkoren påverkar tillgången till det informella och kollegiala lärandet. 

A summary of precision measurements sensitive to electroweak, QCD and quark-flavour effects performed by the ATLAS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider is reported. The measurements are predominantly performed on proton–proton (pp) collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV taken from 2015 to 2018, with an integrated luminosity of up to 140 fb⁻¹, with some results based on and Pb+Pb data recorded at lower nucleon centre-of-mass energies. The results cover a wide range of topics, from strong production of particles at low energies and the spectroscopy of hadrons to perturbative QCD with hadronic jets and electroweak and strong production of single and multiple vector bosons. They provide precise measurements of fundamental constants and stringent tests of the Standard Model with unprecedented precision and in energy ranges never explored before. They are also used to explore the proton structure and to perform model-independent searches for new physics.

BACKGROUND: Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI) can cause life-threatening edema with high mortality rates. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that decompressive hemicraniectomy (DC) can improve survival rate and functional outcome in selected MMI patients. However, real-world outcomes are less well described.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate DC indications, timing, and outcomes in MMI patients treated at 4 Swedish neurosurgical centers and the degree of alignment of real-world patient selection with eligibility criteria from 2 landmark RCTs-DESTINY I & II.

METHODS: This retrospective, Swedish multicenter (n = 4) cohort study included 335 MMI patients treated with DC between 2008 and 2022. Demographics, clinical and radiological status, surgical factors, and 6-month outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]) were collected and compared across centers and with DESTINY trials.

RESULTS: Median age was 55 (48-61) years, and 75% were male. Pre-DC, median Glasgow Coma Scale Motor score was 5 (5-6) and Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 3 (3-4). DC was performed at a median of 38 (25-56) hours from stroke onset. Median mRS at 6 months was 4 (4-5), 24% had mRS ≤ 3, and mortality was 17%. Only 19% and 12% of patients would have qualified for DESTINY I and II trials, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Indication and timing of DC as a treatment of MMI demonstrated notable discrepancies in surgical practice across centers and compared to landmark RCTs. However, despite differences in timing and indications for DC, the outcome did not differ significantly across centers. Our findings provide insight into the outcome of DC performed for MMI outside the strict criteria supported by level 1 evidence.

Time-resolved pump-probe experiments offer unique possibilities for studying ultrafast processes; however, simulation tools for interpreting phonon dynamics in electron diffraction patterns at the sub-picosecond scale remain limited. We introduce the frozen trajectory excitation (FTE) method of exciting phonons beyond their thermal equilibrium population by modifying a molecular dynamics trajectory in the (q<over right arrow>, ω)-space, and couple it with a new approach to ensemble sampling that extends frozen phonon multislice simulations into the time domain. In this approach, phonons with a certain natural frequency (ω) and located within an arbitrarily selected range of phonon wave vector (q<over right arrow>) are first selectively excited within a single molecular dynamics trajectory. Subsequently, several parallel relaxation runs are started at random points, and snapshots from these trajectories serve as inputs for multislice simulations at defined time delays. We apply this framework to fcc Ni with relaxation time resolution of 10 fs. The simulations reveal multi-phonon scattering processes as well as strong mode dependence in phonon relaxation, highlighting the importance of considering phonon-specific behavior in ultrafast dynamics. Our results show that mode-dependent relaxation leaves measurable signatures in diffraction patterns, providing predictive guidance for future time-resolved TEM studies.

A certain class of A-branes in mirrors of toric Calabi-Yau threefolds can be described through the framework of foliations. This allows to develop an explicit description of their moduli spaces based on a cell decomposition, with strata of various dimensions glued together in a way that is dictated by partial degenerations of the underlying special Lagrangian. Examples of A-branes associated with 'wild' BPS states are considered in detail. The torus fixed points in their moduli spaces provide a decomposition of m-herds spectral networks into a number |Ω| of basic connected objects, where Ω is the corresponding rank-zero Donaldson-Thomas (DT) invariant. A relation between the surgery parameters of the special Lagrangian and the baryonic semi-invariants of the representation theory of m-Kronecker quivers is also discussed, providing a local map between moduli spaces of branes related by homological mirror symmetry.

Special cavities like Figure-8 and Figure-9 are exploited in lasers to enable self-starting passive mode-locking using nonlinear amplifying loop mirrors (NALMs) or nonlinear optical loop mirrors (NOLMs). Their significance lies in enhanced nonlinearity and intracavity feedback, enabling stable, self-sustained mode-locked pulses suitable for ultrafast fiber lasers. In this paper, we propose the design of femtosecond pulse width passively mode-locked Holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL) operating at 2090 nm and 12.5 MHz repetition rate based on Figure-9 (F9) cavity. The F9 cavity is implemented utilizing three different reflectors, including saturable absorber (SA), simple mirror (SM), and fiber loop mirror (FLM). The performance of the proposed laser is compared for different reflectors considering characteristics of slope efficiency (SE), pulse width, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), peak power, and pulse energy. SA, SM, and FLM configurations yield mode-locked pulses with SEs of 35.6%, 8%, and 8.8%, pulse widths of 357.2 fs, 294 fs, and 231 fs, OSNRs of 36.4 dB, 46 dB, and 50 dB, peak powers of 13.53 kW, 6.12 kW, and 9 kW, and pulse energies of 4.83 nJ, 2 nJ, and 2.1 nJ, respectively. The analysis reveals that the FLM-based reflector achieves the shortest pulse width and highest OSNR, while the SA-based reflector delivers the highest peak power and pulse energy, highlighting trade-offs between pulse quality and energy performance in the proposed laser design.

Psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and stress, requires time-efficient assessment tools suited for digital and momentary settings. The Screening Tool for Psychological Distress (STOP-D) is a five-item scale developed for brief mental health screening, but it has not yet been validated in Swedish. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the Swedish STOP-D in a non-clinical adult sample. A total of 427 Swedish-speaking adults (mean age = 49.42, SD = 16.34 years) completed the STOP-D, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), the Single-Item Stress Scale (SISE), and the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS). ROC analyses were conducted using PHQ-2 and GAD-2 (cut-off >= 3) and the SISE (cut-off >= 6 and 7). Feature importance was examined using the Boruta algorithm. Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) assessed the internal structure. The STOP-D items for Sadness and Anxiety showed excellent classification accuracy for depression and anxiety (AUC = 0.87-0.89). Stress showed lower accuracy (AUC = 0.65-0.67). EGA supported a two-factor model, with STOP-D items for Sad, Anxiety and Stress clustering separately from Anger and Lack of Social Support. The Swedish STOP-D is a valid brief tool for assessing core psychological distress. Items for anger and social support may add clinical value and represent distinct processes relevant for future individualized and ecological assessment.