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Hårsta, Anders
Alternative names
Publications (10 of 53) Show all publications
Cheah, S., Perre, E., Hårsta, A., Simon, P., Sabatier, P. & Edström, K. (2008). Nanostructure Electrodes for 3D Li-ion Microbatteries. In: Junior Euromat 2008 14-18 July, Lausanne (CH) oral presentation.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nanostructure Electrodes for 3D Li-ion Microbatteries
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2008 (English)In: Junior Euromat 2008 14-18 July, Lausanne (CH) oral presentation, 2008Conference paper, Published paper (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
Abstract [en]

The vast development of surface micromachining technology has brought the proliferation of MEMS devices. However, the issue of powering the MEMS devices still remains as a great challenge. Although the conventional thin film 2D batteries seems promising for achieving high power density, however, relatively large area is required for having sufficient capacity. The drawbacks of 2D batteries can be overcome by using 3D architecture of Li-ion microbatteries.

The 3D architecture of Li-ion microbatteries will have the advantages of short diffusion path as the electrode active materials are just tenth of nanometer deposited on the current collectors. The short diffusion path guarantees the high power performance. Besides that, the capacity of the microbatteries can be enhanced by just increasing the length of the electrode while keeping the areal footprint. This is what makes the 3D microbatteries a more promising power supply for MEMS.

Our approach to synthesize a 3D Li-ion microbattery is starting with the synthesis of a nanostructure current collector using a template method. An anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane is used as template for the electrodeposition of an aluminium current collector. AAO with defined pore sizes and inter-pores spacing are synthesized with a suitable diameter and interspacing where an aluminium current collector can grow within the template. The following step is the deposition of electrode active materials on the current collector. In this example Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is employed in order to achieve a well deposited layer of, in this case, a TiO2 cathode material. By controlling the deposition parameters, the crystal structure and the thickness of TiO2 layer can be altered to give a better electrochemical performance. Our results will be discussed in the light of the complexity of the deposition mechanisms of both the aluminium current collector nano-rods and the TiO2 layer.

National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-17455 (URN)
Available from: 2008-06-24 Created: 2008-06-24
Rooth, M., Lindahl, E. & Hårsta, A. (2006). Atomic Layer Deposition of Co3O4 Thin Films Using a CoI2/O2 Precursor Combination. Chemical Vapor Deposition, 12(4), 209-213
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Atomic Layer Deposition of Co3O4 Thin Films Using a CoI2/O2 Precursor Combination
2006 (English)In: Chemical Vapor Deposition, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 209-213Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Thin films of Co3O4 have been successfully deposited on SiO2/Si(100) and MgO(001) substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using the precursor combination CoI2/O2. The deposition temperature was found to have a strong influence on the growth rate. On SiO2/Si(100) substrates, growth rates of about 0.2 nm per cycle were recorded at 500 °C, decreasing to 0.004 nm per cycle at 700 °C. On MgO(001) substrates the growth rates were lower, reaching about 0.12 nm per cycle at 475 °C, while no growth could be detected at 700 °C. The films were found to grow as the cubic Co3O4 phase throughout the temperature range 475-700 °C, polycrystalline on SiO2/Si(100), and epitaxial on MgO(001). On MgO(001) the epitaxial relationship was established to the in-plane orientation (001)[100]Co3O4||(001)[100]MgO. No iodine could be detected by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) or by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy in any of the deposited films.

Keywords
Atomic layer deposition, Cobalt oxides, Precursors, metal iodide
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-18833 (URN)doi:10.1002/cvde.200506447 (DOI)
Available from: 2006-11-23 Created: 2006-11-23 Last updated: 2011-01-11
Dueñas, S., Castán, H., Garcia, H., Bailón, L., Kukli, K., Ritala, M., . . . Hårsta, A. (2006). Experimental investigation of the electrical properties of atomic layer deposited hafnium-rich silicate films on n-type silicon. Journal of Applied Physics, 100(9), 094107
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experimental investigation of the electrical properties of atomic layer deposited hafnium-rich silicate films on n-type silicon
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2006 (English)In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 100, no 9, p. 094107-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This work examines the structural and electrical properties of HfSixOy film based metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors by means of x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage (C-V), deep level transient spectroscopy, and conductance transient (G-t) techniques. Hafnium-rich silicate films were atomic layer deposited onto HF-etched or SiO2 covered silicon. Although as-deposited samples exhibit high interfacial state and disorder-induced gap state densities, a postdeposition thermal annealing in vacuum under N2 flow for 1 min at temperatures between 600 and 730 °C clearly improves the interface quality. Marked crystallization and phase separation occurred at 800 °C, increasing the structural heterogeneity and defect density in the dielectric oxide layers.

National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-18759 (URN)10.1063/1.2358831 (DOI)000242041500076 ()
Available from: 2006-11-22 Created: 2006-11-22 Last updated: 2017-12-08Bibliographically approved
Sundqvist, J., Lu, J., Ottosson, M. & Hårsta, A. (2006). Growth of SnO2 thin films by atomic layer deposition and chemical vapour deposition: A comparative study. Thin Solids Films, 514(1-2), 63-68
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Growth of SnO2 thin films by atomic layer deposition and chemical vapour deposition: A comparative study
2006 (English)In: Thin Solids Films, Vol. 514, no 1-2, p. 63-68Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Thin films of the tetragonal rutile-type SnO2 phase have been deposited by both atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) using the SnI4–O2 precursor combination. Depositions were carried out in the temperature region of 350–750 °C on α-Al2O3(0 1 2) substrates. In both cases the films were found to grow epitaxially with the in-plane orientation relationships [0 1 0]SnO2 || [1 0 0]α-Al2O3 and [1 0 1¯]SnO2 || [1¯ 2¯ 1]α-Al2O3. Films grown by ALD were found to be close to perfectly single crystalline, contained a low density of defects and were almost atomically smooth. The CVD films were found to have a much rougher film morphology, and exhibited both grain boundaries and twin formation.

Keywords
Tin oxide, Chemical vapor deposition, Atomic layer deposition, X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-18829 (URN)doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2006.02.031 (DOI)
Available from: 2006-11-23 Created: 2006-11-23 Last updated: 2011-01-11
Dueñas, S., Castán, H., García, H., de Castro, A., Bailón, L., Kukli, K., . . . Hårsta, A. (2006). Influence of single and double deposition temperatures on the interface quality of atomic layer deposited Al2O3 dielectric thin films on silicon. Journal of Applied Physics, 99, 054902
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Influence of single and double deposition temperatures on the interface quality of atomic layer deposited Al2O3 dielectric thin films on silicon
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2006 (English)In: Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 99, p. 054902-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

An electrical characterization of Al2O3 based metal-insulator-semiconductor structures has been carried out by using capacitance-voltage, deep level transient spectroscopy, and conductance-transient (G-t) techniques. Dielectric films were atomic layer deposited (ALD) at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C directly on silicon substrates and on an Al2O3 buffer layer that was grown in the same process by using 15 ALD cycles at 300 °C. As for single growth temperatures, 300 °C leads to the lowest density of states distributed away from the interface to the insulator [disorder-induced gap states (DIGS)], but to the highest interfacial state density (Dit). However, by using 300/500 °C double growth temperatures it is possible to maintain low DIGS values and to improve the interface quality in terms of Dit. The very first ALD cycles define the dielectric properties very near to the dielectric-semiconductor interface, and growing an upper layer at higher ALD temperature produces some annealing of interfacial states, thus improving the interface quality. Also, samples in which the only layer or the upper one was grown at the highest temperature (800 °C) show the poorest results both in terms of Dit and DIGS, so using very high temperatures yield defective dielectric films.

National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-19277 (URN)doi:10.1063/1.2177383 (DOI)
Available from: 2006-11-28 Created: 2006-11-28 Last updated: 2011-01-11
Lu, J., Aarik, J., Sundqvist, J., Kukli, K., Hårsta, A. & Carlsson, J.-O. (2005). Analytical TEM characterization of the interfacial layer between ALD Hf02 film and silicon substrate. Journal of Crystal Growth (273), 510-514
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analytical TEM characterization of the interfacial layer between ALD Hf02 film and silicon substrate
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2005 (English)In: Journal of Crystal Growth, no 273, p. 510-514Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectrometry were used to characterize

the interfacial layer formed between the silicon substrate and the HfO2 thin film grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) from HfIU4 and O2. The interfacial layer was amorphous and contained SiO2 mixed with a small amount of elemental Si on the atomic level. The interfacial silicon oxide layer was mainly deposited at the beginning of the ALD process since its thickness was insensitive to the number of applied ALD cycles when increased from 50 to 1000.

Keywords
Electron energy loss spectroscopy, Atomic layer deposition, HfO2, Silicon oxide
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-67639 (URN)
Available from: 2004-12-22 Created: 2004-12-22 Last updated: 2011-01-12
Kukli, K., Aaltonen, T., Aarik, J., Lu, J., Ritala, M., Ferrari, S., . . . Leskelä, M. (2005). Atomic Layer Deposition and Characterization of HfO2 Films on Noble Metal. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 152(7), F75-F82
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Atomic Layer Deposition and Characterization of HfO2 Films on Noble Metal
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2005 (English)In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, no 7, p. F75-F82Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

HfO2 films were grown by atomic layer deposition from HfCl4 and H2O on atomic layer deposited 40-70 nm thick platinum, iridium, and ruthenium films in the temperature range 200-600°C. The phase formed in the 30-50 nm thick HfO2 films was monoclinic HfO2 dominating over amorphous material without noticeable contribution from metastable crystallographic polymorphs. The metal-dielectric-metal capacitor structures formed after evaporating Al gate electrodes demonstrated effective permittivity values in the range 11-16 and breakdown fields reaching 5 MV/cm. Iridium electrode films showed the highest stability in terms of reliability and reproducibility of dielectric characteristics.

National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-75943 (URN)doi:10.1149/1.1922888 (DOI)
Available from: 2006-02-22 Created: 2006-02-22 Last updated: 2011-01-11
Kukli, K., Aarik, J., Uustare, T., Lu, J., Ritala, M., Aidla, A., . . . Sammelselg, V. (2005). Engineering structure and properties of hafnium oxide films by atomic layer deposition temperature. Thin Solid Films, 479(1-2), 1-11
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Engineering structure and properties of hafnium oxide films by atomic layer deposition temperature
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2005 (English)In: Thin Solid Films, Vol. 479, no 1-2, p. 1-11Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

HfO2 films were atomic layer deposited from HfCl4 and H2O on Si(100) in the temperature range of 300–600 °C. At low temperatures, films grow faster and are structurally more disordered, compared to films grown at high temperatures. At high temperatures, the films are better crystallized, but grow slower and contain grain boundaries extending from substrate to gate electrode. Film growth rate and capacitance of HfO2 dielectric layers was improved by depositing stacked structures with polycrystalline films of higher purity at 600 °C on thin HfO2 sublayer grown on Si at 300 °C.

Keywords
Hafnium dioxide, Atomic layer deposition, Dielectrics
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-75938 (URN)doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.191 (DOI)
Available from: 2006-02-22 Created: 2006-02-22 Last updated: 2011-01-11
Rooth, M., Johansson, A., Boman, M. & Hårsta, A. (2005). Ordered and parallel niobium oxide nano-tubes fabricated using Atomic Layer Deposition in anodic alumina templates. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 901, 0901-Ra24-05.1
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ordered and parallel niobium oxide nano-tubes fabricated using Atomic Layer Deposition in anodic alumina templates
2005 (English)In: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, ISSN 0272-9172, E-ISSN 1946-4274, Vol. 901, p. 0901-Ra24-05.1Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Amorphous niobium oxide (Nb2O5) nano-tubes were fabricated inside anodic alumina templates using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The nanoporous templates were in-house fabricated anodic alumina membranes having an inter-pore distance of about 100 nm with pores lengths of 2 µm. The pores were parallel and well ordered in a hexagonal pattern. Atomic layer deposition was performed using gas pulses of niobium iodide (NbI5) and oxygen separated by purging pulses of argon. By employing long gas pulses (30 s) it was possible to get coherent and amorphous Nb2O5 films conformally covering the pore-walls of the alumina template. The outer diameter of the nano-tubes was tailored between 40 and 80 nm by using alumina templates with different pore sizes. By using template membranes with pores not opened in the bottom, nano-tubes with one side closed could be fabricated. Free-standing, and still parallel, nano-tubes could be obtained by selectively etching away the alumina template using phosphoric acid. Using the above mentioned procedure it was possible to fabricate unsurpassed parallel niobium oxide nano-tubes of equal length, diameter and wall-thickness, ordered in a perfect hexagonal pattern. The samples were analysed using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2005
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-97308 (URN)10.1557/PROC-0901-Ra24-05 (DOI)2-s2.0-34249934553 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2008-05-14 Created: 2008-05-14 Last updated: 2025-04-01Bibliographically approved
Sundqvist, J., Ottosson, M. & Hårsta, A. (2004). CVD of Epitaxal SnO2 Films by SnL4/O2 Precursor Combination. Chem. Vap. Deposition, 10(2), 77-82
Open this publication in new window or tab >>CVD of Epitaxal SnO2 Films by SnL4/O2 Precursor Combination
2004 (English)In: Chem. Vap. Deposition, Vol. 10, no 2, p. 77-82Article in journal (Refereed) Published
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-48008 (URN)
Available from: 2006-03-21 Created: 2006-03-21 Last updated: 2011-01-12
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