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Ueckert, Sebastian, PhDORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-3712-0255
Publications (10 of 34) Show all publications
Minichmayr, I. K., Plan, E. L., Weber, B. & Ueckert, S. (2025). A Model-Based Evaluation of Noninvasive Biomarkers to Reflect Histological Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Scores. Pharmaceutical research, 42(1), 123-135
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Model-Based Evaluation of Noninvasive Biomarkers to Reflect Histological Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Scores
2025 (English)In: Pharmaceutical research, ISSN 0724-8741, E-ISSN 1573-904X, Vol. 42, no 1, p. 123-135Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises multiple heterogeneous pathophysiological conditions commonly evaluated by suboptimal liver biopsies. This study aimed to elucidate the role of 13 diverse histological liver scores in assessing NAFLD disease activity using an in silico pharmacometric model-based approach. We further sought to investigate various noninvasive patient characteristics for their ability to reflect all 13 histological scores and the NAFLD activity score (NAS).MethodsA histological liver score model was built upon 13 biopsy-based pathological features (binary and categorical scores) from the extensive NASH-CRN (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Clinical Research Network) observational NAFLD Database study (n = 914 adults) using the concept of item response theory. The impact of 69 noninvasive biomarkers potentially reflecting NAFLD activity was quantitatively described across the entire spectrum of all 13 histological scores.ResultsThe model suggested that four different disease facets underlie the cardinal NAFLD features (steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning (= NAS); fibrosis; highest correlations: corrballooning-fibrosis = 0.69/corrinflammation-ballooning = 0.62/corrsteatosis-inflammation = 0.60). The 13 histological liver scores were best described by contrasting noninvasive biomarkers: Age and platelets best reflected the fibrosis score, while alanine and aspartate aminotransferase best described the NAS, with diverging contributions of the three individual NAS components to the results of the overall NAS.ConclusionsAn in silico histological liver score model allowed to simultaneously quantitatively analyze 13 features beyond NAS and fibrosis, characterizing different disease facets underlying NAFLD and revealing the contrasting ability of 69 noninvasive biomarkers to reflect the diverse histological (sub-)scores.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2025
Keywords
histological liver scores, item response theory, liver biopsy, model, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
National Category
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-554846 (URN)10.1007/s11095-024-03791-2 (DOI)001380444500001 ()39702686 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85212510719 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-04-17 Created: 2025-04-17 Last updated: 2025-04-17Bibliographically approved
Haem, E., Karlsson, M. O. & Ueckert, S. (2025). Comparison of the power and type 1 error of total score models for drug effect detection in clinical trials. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 52(1), Article ID 4.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Comparison of the power and type 1 error of total score models for drug effect detection in clinical trials
2025 (English)In: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, ISSN 1567-567X, E-ISSN 1573-8744, Vol. 52, no 1, article id 4Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Composite scale data consists of numerous categorical questions/items that are often summed as a total score and are commonly utilized as primary endpoints in clinical trials. These endpoints are conceptually discrete and constrained by nature. Item response theory (IRT) is a powerful approach for detecting drug effects in composite scale data from clinical trials, but estimating all parameters requires a large sample size and all item information, which may not be available. Therefore, total score models are often utilized. The most popular total score models are continuous variable (CV) models, but this strategy establishes assumptions that go against the integer nature, and typically also the bounded nature, of data. Bounded integer (BI) and Coarsened grid (CG) models respect the nature of the data. However, their power to detect drug effects has not been as thoroughly studied in clinical trials. When an IRT model is accessible, IRT-informed models (I-BI and I-CV) are promising methods in which the mean and variability of the total score at any position are extracted from the existing IRT model. In this study, total score data were simulated from the MDS-UPDRS motor subscale. Then, the power, type 1 error, and treatment effect bias of six total score models for detecting drug effects in clinical trials were explored. Further, it was investigated how the power, type 1 of error, and treatment effect bias for the I-BI and I-CV models were affected by mis-specified item information from the IRT model. The I-BI model demonstrated the highest statistical power, maintained an acceptable Type I error rate, and exhibited minimal bias, approaching zero. Following that, the I-CV, BI, and CG with Czado transformation (CG_Czado) models provided the maximum power. However, the CG_Czado model had inflated type 1 error under low sample size scenarios in each arm of clinical trials. The CG model among total score models displayed the lowest power and the most inflated type 1 error. Therefore, the results favor the I-BI model when an IRT model is available; otherwise, the BI model.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2025
Keywords
Total score data, Bounded integer model, Coarsened grid model, IRT-informed total score analysis
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharmacology and Toxicology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-545737 (URN)10.1007/s10928-024-09949-0 (DOI)001374122800002 ()39656313 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85212043719 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Uppsala University
Available from: 2025-01-07 Created: 2025-01-07 Last updated: 2025-01-07Bibliographically approved
Chen, P.-W., Karlsson, M. O., Ueckert, S., Pritchard-Bell, A., Hsu, C.-P., Dutta, S. & Ahamadi, M. (2023). Evaluation of the effect of erenumab on migraine-specific questionnaire in patients with chronic and episodic migraine. CPT: Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology (PSP), 12(12), 1988-2000
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of the effect of erenumab on migraine-specific questionnaire in patients with chronic and episodic migraine
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2023 (English)In: CPT: Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology (PSP), E-ISSN 2163-8306, Vol. 12, no 12, p. 1988-2000Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Erenumab is a fully human anti-canonical calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor monoclonal antibody approved for migraine prevention. The Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (MSQ) is a 14-item patient-reported outcome instrument that measures the impact of migraine on health-related quality of life. Erenumab data from four phase II/III clinical trials were used to develop an item response theory (IRT) model within a nonlinear mixed effects framework, (i) evaluate the MSQ item information with respect to patient disability, (ii) characterize the longitudinal progression of the MSQ, and (iii) quantify the effect of erenumab on the MSQ in patients with migraine. The majority (80%) of information was found to be contained in 9 out of 14 items, extending the current knowledge on the reliability of the MSQ as a psychometric tool. Simulations across three MSQ domains show significant improvement from baseline, exceeding minimally important differences. Overall, the IRT model platform developed herein allows for systematic quantification of the effect of erenumab on the MSQ in patients with migraine.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2023
National Category
Neurology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-529859 (URN)10.1002/psp4.13048 (DOI)001082814200001 ()37723849 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2024-05-30 Created: 2024-05-30 Last updated: 2024-05-30Bibliographically approved
Verbeeck, J., Geroldinger, M., Thiel, K., Hooker, A. C., Ueckert, S., Karlsson, M., . . . Zimmermann, G. (2023). How to Analyze Continuous and Discrete Repeated Measures in Small-Sample Cross-Over Trials?. Biometrics, 79(4), 3998-4011
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How to Analyze Continuous and Discrete Repeated Measures in Small-Sample Cross-Over Trials?
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2023 (English)In: Biometrics, ISSN 0006-341X, E-ISSN 1541-0420, Vol. 79, no 4, p. 3998-4011Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To optimize the use of data from a small number of subjects in rare disease trials, an at first sight advantageous design is the repeated measures cross-over design. However, it is unclear how these within-treatment period and within-subject clustered data are best analyzed in small-sample trials. In a real-data simulation study based upon a recent epidermolysis bullosa simplex trial using this design, we compare non-parametric marginal models, generalized pairwise comparison models, GEE-type models and parametric model averaging for both repeated binary and count data. The recommendation of which methodology to use in rare disease trials with a repeated measures cross-over design depends on the type of outcome and the number of time points the treatment has an effect on. The non-parametric marginal model testing the treatment-time-interaction effect is suitable for detecting between group differences in the shapes of the longitudinal profiles. For binary outcomes with the treatment effect on a single time point, the parametric model averaging method is recommended, while in the other cases the unmatched generalized pairwise comparison methodology is recommended. Both provide an easily interpretable effect size measure, and do not require exclusion of periods or subjects due to incompleteness.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press, 2023
Keywords
Barnard test, cross-over, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, GEE, generalized pairwise comparison, model averaging, non-parametric marginal model, rare diseases, repeated measures
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences Probability Theory and Statistics
Research subject
Pharmaceutical Science; Statistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-526358 (URN)10.1111/biom.13920 (DOI)001049312800001 ()37587671 (PubMedID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 825575
Available from: 2024-04-09 Created: 2024-04-09 Last updated: 2024-04-17Bibliographically approved
Wellhagen, G., Ueckert, S., Kjellsson, M. C. & Karlsson, M. (2021). An Item Response Theory-Informed Strategy to Model Total Score Data from Composite Scales. AAPS Journal, 23(3), Article ID 45.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>An Item Response Theory-Informed Strategy to Model Total Score Data from Composite Scales
2021 (English)In: AAPS Journal, E-ISSN 1550-7416, Vol. 23, no 3, article id 45Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Composite scale data is widely used in many therapeutic areas and consists of several categorical questions/items that are usually summarized into a total score (TS). Such data is discrete and bounded by nature. The gold standard to analyse composite scale data is item response theory (IRT) models. However, IRT models require item-level data while sometimes only TS is available. This work investigates models for TS. When an IRT model exists, it can be used to derive the information as well as expected mean and variability of TS at any point, which can inform TS-analyses. We propose a new method: IRT-informed functions of expected values and standard deviation in TS-analyses. The most common models for TS-analyses are continuous variable (CV) models, while bounded integer (BI) models offer an alternative that respects scale boundaries and the nature of TS data. We investigate the method in CV and BI models on both simulated and real data. Both CV and BI models were improved in fit by IRT-informed disease progression, which allows modellers to precisely and accurately find the corresponding latent variable parameters, and IRT-informed SD, which allows deviations from homoscedasticity. The methodology provides a formal way to link IRT models and TS models, and to compare the relative information of different model types. Also, joint analyses of item-level data and TS data are made possible. Thus, IRT-informed functions can facilitate total score analysis and allow a quantitative analysis of relative merits of different analysis methods.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SpringerSPRINGER, 2021
Keywords
bounded integer model, composite scale data, IRT-informed total score analysis, total score analysis
National Category
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-441167 (URN)10.1208/s12248-021-00555-3 (DOI)000629586000001 ()33728519 (PubMedID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-03317
Available from: 2021-05-05 Created: 2021-05-05 Last updated: 2024-01-15Bibliographically approved
Buatois, S., Ueckert, S., Frey, N., Retout, S. & Mentre, F. (2021). cLRT-Mod: An efficient methodology for pharmacometric model-based analysis of longitudinal phase II dose finding studies under model uncertainty. Statistics in Medicine, 40(10), 2435-2451
Open this publication in new window or tab >>cLRT-Mod: An efficient methodology for pharmacometric model-based analysis of longitudinal phase II dose finding studies under model uncertainty
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2021 (English)In: Statistics in Medicine, ISSN 0277-6715, E-ISSN 1097-0258, Vol. 40, no 10, p. 2435-2451Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Within the challenging context of phase II dose-finding trials, longitudinal analyses may increase drug effect detection power compared to an end-of-treatment analysis. This work proposes cLRT-Mod, a pharmacometric adaptation of the MCP-Mod methodology, which allows the use of nonlinear mixed effect models to first detect a dose-response signal and then identify the doses for the confirmatory phase while accounting for model structure uncertainty. The method was evaluated through extensive clinical trial simulations of a hypothetical phase II dose-finding trial using different scenarios and comparing different methods such as MCP-Mod. The results show an increase in power using cLRT with longitudinal data compared to an EOT multiple contrast tests for scenarios with small sample size and weak drug effect while maintaining pre-specifiability of the models prior to data analysis and the nominal type I error. This work shows how model averaging provides better coverage probability of the drug effect in the prediction step, and avoids under-estimation of the size of the confidence interval. Finally, for illustration purpose cLRT-Mod was applied to the analysis of a real phase II dose-finding trial.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & SonsWiley, 2021
Keywords
dose-response, effects model, LRT, MCP-Mod, model averaging, nonlinear mixed
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446638 (URN)10.1002/sim.8913 (DOI)000624048600001 ()33650148 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2021-06-22 Created: 2021-06-22 Last updated: 2024-01-15Bibliographically approved
Ueckert, S. & Karlsson, M. (2021). Improved numerical stability for the bounded integer model. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 48(2), 241-251
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improved numerical stability for the bounded integer model
2021 (English)In: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, ISSN 1567-567X, E-ISSN 1573-8744, Vol. 48, no 2, p. 241-251Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article highlights some numerical challenges when implementing the bounded integer model for composite score modeling and suggests an improved implementation. The improvement is based on an approximation of the logarithm of the error function. After presenting the derivation of the improved implementation, the article compares the performance of the algorithm to a naive implementation of the log-likelihood using both simulations and a real data example. In the simulation setting, the improved algorithm yielded more precise and less biased parameter estimates when the within-subject variability was small and estimation was performed using the Laplace algorithm. The estimation results did not differ between implementations when the SAEM algorithm was used. For the real data example, bootstrap results differed between implementations with the improved implementation producing identical or better objective function values. Based on the findings in this article, the improved implementation is suggested as the new default log-likelihood implementation for the bounded integer model.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer NatureSpringer Nature, 2021
Keywords
Composite score, NONMEM, Numeric stability
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-431465 (URN)10.1007/s10928-020-09727-8 (DOI)000593034400001 ()33242184 (PubMedID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-03317
Available from: 2021-01-14 Created: 2021-01-14 Last updated: 2024-01-15Bibliographically approved
Arrington, L., Ueckert, S., Ahamadi, M., Macha, S. & Karlsson, M. (2020). Performance of longitudinal item response theory models in shortened or partial assessments.. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 47(5), 461-471
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Performance of longitudinal item response theory models in shortened or partial assessments.
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2020 (English)In: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, ISSN 1567-567X, E-ISSN 1573-8744, Vol. 47, no 5, p. 461-471Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This work evaluates the performance of longitudinal item response (IR) theory models in shortened assessments using an existing model for part II and III of the MDS-UPDRS score. Based on the item information content, the assessment was reduced by removal of items in multiple increments and the models' ability to recover the item characteristics of the remaining items at each level was evaluated. This evaluation was done for both simulated and real data. The metric of comparison in both cases was the item information function. For real data, the impact of shortening on the estimated disease progression and drug effect was also studied. In the simulated data setting, the item characteristics did not differ between the full and the shortened assessments down to the lowest level of information remaining; indicating a considerable independence between items. In contrast when reducing the assessment in a real data setting, a substantial change in item information was observed for some of the items. Disease progression and drug effect estimates also decreased in the reduced assessments. These changes indicate a shift in the measured construct of the shortened assessment and warrant caution when comparing results from a partial assessment with results from the full assessment.

Keywords
Composite score, Item information, Item response theory, Pharmacometrics
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-431478 (URN)10.1007/s10928-020-09697-x (DOI)000545056600001 ()32617833 (PubMedID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-03317
Available from: 2021-01-14 Created: 2021-01-14 Last updated: 2025-03-21Bibliographically approved
Ibrahim, M. M. A., Ueckert, S., Freiberga, S., Kjellsson, M. C. & Karlsson, M. O. (2019). Model-Based Conditional Weighted Residuals Analysis for Structural Model Assessment. AAPS Journal, 21(3), Article ID UNSP 34.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Model-Based Conditional Weighted Residuals Analysis for Structural Model Assessment
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2019 (English)In: AAPS Journal, E-ISSN 1550-7416, Vol. 21, no 3, article id UNSP 34Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nonlinear mixed effects models are widely used to describe longitudinal data to improve the efficiency of drug development process or increase the understanding of the studied disease. In such settings, the appropriateness of the modeling assumptions is critical in order to draw correct conclusions and must be carefully assessed for any substantial violations. Here, we propose a new method for structure model assessment, based on assessment of bias in conditional weighted residuals (CWRES). We illustrate this method by assessing prediction bias in two integrated models for glucose homeostasis, the integrated glucose-insulin (IGI) model, and the integrated minimal model (IMM). One dataset was simulated from each model then analyzed with the two models. CWRES outputted from each model fitting were modeled to capture systematic trends in CWRES as well as the magnitude of structural model misspecifications in terms of difference in objective function values (ΔOFVBias). The estimates of CWRES bias were used to calculate the corresponding bias in conditional predictions by the inversion of first-order conditional estimation method’s covariance equation. Time, glucose, and insulin concentration predictions were the investigated independent variables. The new method identified correctly the bias in glucose sub-model of the integrated minimal model (IMM), when this bias occurred, and calculated the absolute and proportional magnitude of the resulting bias. CWRES bias versus the independent variables agreed well with the true trends of misspecification. This method is fast easily automated diagnostic tool for model development/evaluation process, and it is already implemented as part of the Perl-speaks-NONMEM software.

Keywords
conditional weighted residuals, diagnostics, model evaluation, nonlinear mixed effects models, prediction bias, structural model
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-367054 (URN)10.1208/s12248-019-0305-2 (DOI)000460184300001 ()30815754 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2018-11-27 Created: 2018-11-27 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Buatoisi, S., Ueckert, S., Frey, N., Retout, S. & Mentre, F. (2018). A pharmacometric extension of MCP-MOD in dose finding studies. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 45(Suppl. 1), S106-S106
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A pharmacometric extension of MCP-MOD in dose finding studies
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2018 (English)In: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, ISSN 1567-567X, E-ISSN 1573-8744, Vol. 45, no Suppl. 1, p. S106-S106Article in journal, Meeting abstract (Other academic) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 2018
National Category
Medicinal Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-365108 (URN)000445374700234 ()
Available from: 2018-11-16 Created: 2018-11-16 Last updated: 2018-11-16Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-3712-0255

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