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A series of zirconium-based MOFs with acclaimed stability was prepared and their ability to adsorb polyfluorinated pollutants was compared. A novel fluorinated UiO-67 analogue, UiO-67-F2, was synthesised alongside three previously reported materials: UiO-67-NH2, UiO-68-(CF3)2 and UiO-67. The structures were established and confirmed by powder X-Ray diffraction. UiO-67-NH2, UiO-68(CF3)2 and UiO-67-F2 were examined as sorbents for the perfluorinated gas, sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) from the gaseous phase. The SF₆ uptake of UiO-67-NH2 and UiO-67-F2 at 100 kPa, 293 K, was high (5.54 and 5.24 mmol g ^-1 respectively). UiO-67-F2 exhibited a remarkable perfluorinated octanoic acid (PFOA) uptake of 928 mg_PFOA g ^-1_MOF in an aqueous solution, which far exceeded that of unmodified UiO-67 (872 mg_PFOA g ^-1_MOF at 1 000 mg_PFOA L ^-1_Water PFOA). This study has identified strengths and potential applications of the novel UiO-67-F2 and the impact of fluorine functionalization. The study also offers insight into the structure-property relations of UiO-based MOFs for their use as low-pressure SF6 storage materials and PFAS sorbents intended for water purification under ambient conditions.

This study explores the potential of phenolated lignin as a precursor for synthesizing graphene-like carbon materials through laser-induced carbonization (LIC). Key parameters─including formulation, laser speed, laser power, and lignin loading─were optimized to enhance the quality of the resulting LIC materials. Under optimized conditions, this method produced a high-quality, few-layer graphene-like carbon material. Comprehensive materials characterization (XPS, XRD, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, sheet resistivity, and elemental analysis) revealed that the material’s conductivity is driven by the formation of an sp2-hybridized conjugated carbon system and the reduction of both sp3-hybridized carbon and oxygen groups. The introduction of phenolic groups into the lignin structure enhanced its thermostability and conversion efficiency to graphene-like carbon, achieving a low sheet resistance of 6.7 Ω·sq–1. This study demonstrates that phenolated lignin is a promising precursor for the synthesis of conductive graphene-like carbon materials with excellent electronic properties, making it suitable for micro-supercapacitor applications. Furthermore, the resulting printed device exhibited a specific capacitance of 454 mF cm–3 (1.4 mF cm–2) at a scan rate of 5 mV s–1 in cyclic voltammetry (CV) mode and 286 mF cm–3 (0.86 mF cm–2) at a current density of 0.05 mA cm–2 in galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) mode.

The concept of framework isomers by network topology analysis is illustrated by a new rod-MOF isomer of In³⁺ and the tritopic linker 4,4′,4′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(oxy))tribenzoic acid (H₃bttb), CTH-41, with a unique 3- and 4-connected net different from 437-MOF. CTH-41 shows affinity for SF₆ with a Langmuir area of 1587 m² g⁻¹ while the new Zr⁴⁺ dot-MOF with the same linker [Zr₆(bttb)₄(O)₄(OH)₄] CTH-42, forms the 3-, 12-connected llj-net based on a different conformation of the flexible bttb linker.

The synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has traditionally been carried out under strict solvothermal and anaerobic conditions. The utilization of organic solvents in such reactions not only carries significant costs but also imposes a great burden on the environment. The fabrication of COFs using alternative synthetic pathways has, therefore, seen rapid development in recent years and much attention has been placed on green and sustainable methods in particular. The synthesis of COFs in purely aqueous media, however, remains challenging due to the delicate nature of the chemical reactions and the crystallization process in water. This mini-review discusses different synthetic strategies for the construction of crystalline COFs in aqueous media and offers a perspective on the future development of facile COF synthesis in ambient conditions.

Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes hold significant promise for applications in separation, catalysis, and energy conversion; however, their industrial adoption has been hindered by the lack of scalable and efficient fabrication methods. Here, we present a fast, versatile, and broadly applicable strategy for fabricating free-standing and flexible COF membranes by casting precursor suspensions, followed by heat treatment under controlled humidity. This approach enables the fabrication of COF membranes with lateral dimensions up to several square decimeters and thicknesses that are tunable down to submicron levels within 1 h. It demonstrates remarkable versatility for producing a family of ketoenamine-linked COF membranes through the condensation of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol with various amine monomers differing in length, side groups, and geometry. The resulting crack-free COF membranes exhibit high mechanical strength, with ultimate tensile strength up to 60 MPa and Young’s modulus up to 1.7 GPa, as well as exceptionally high porosity, with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas reaching up to 2226 m2 g–1. More importantly, the morphology, porosity, and crystallinity of the membranes can be finely tuned by modulating the heating conditions. The membranes with optimized microstructures demonstrate excellent separation performance, achieving over 99% rejection in nanofiltration of aqueous dye solutions, and a separation factor of 11 with an H2 permeance of 2857 GPU in H2/CO2 gas separation. This approach provides a scalable and effective pathway toward large-scale COF membrane manufacturing for advanced molecular separations and other membrane-based technologies.

Engineering the building blocks in metal–organic materials is an effective strategy for tuning their dynamical properties and can affect their response to external guest molecules. Tailoring the interaction and diffusion of molecules into these structures is highly important, particularly for applications related to gas separation. Herein, we report a vanadium-based hybrid ultramicroporous material, VOFFIVE-1-Ni, with temperature-dependent dynamical properties and a strong affinity to effectively capture and separate carbon dioxide (CO₂) from methane (CH₄). VOFFIVE-1-Ni exhibits a CO₂ uptake of 12.08 wt% (2.75 mmol g^–1), a negligible CH₄ uptake at 293 K (0.5 bar), and an excellent CO₂-over-CH₄ uptake ratio of 2280, far exceeding that of similar materials. The material also exhibits a favorable CO₂ enthalpy of adsorption below −50 kJ mol^–1, as well as fast CO₂ adsorption rates (90% uptake reached within 20 s) that render the hydrolytically stable VOFFIVE-1-Ni a promising sorbent for applications such as biogas upgrading.

A variety of enabling formulations has been developed to address poor oral drug absorption caused by insufficient dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract. As the in vivo performance of these formulations is a result of a complex interplay between dissolution, digestion and permeation, development of suitable in vitro assays that captures these phenomena are called for. The enabling-absorption (ENA) device, consisting of a donor and receiver chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane, has successfully been used to study the performance of lipid-based formulations. In this work, the ENA device was prepared with two different setups (a Caco-2 cell monolayer and an artificial lipid membrane) to study the performance of a lipid-based formulation (LBF), an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) and the potential benefit of combining the two formulation strategies. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats was performed to evaluate the in vitro-in vivo correlation. In the ENA, high drug concentrations in the donor chamber did not translate to a high mass transfer, which was particularly evident for the ASD as compared to the LBF. The solubility of the polymer used in the ASD was strongly affected by pH-shifts in vitro, and the ph_dependence resulted in poor in vivo performance of the formulation. The dissolution was however increased in vitro when the ASD was combined with a blank lipid-based formulation. This beneficial effect was also observed in vivo, where the drug exposure of the ASD increased significantly when the ASD was co-administered with the blank LBF. To conclude, the in vitro model managed to capture solubility limitations and strategies to overcome these for one of the formulations studied. The correlation between the in vivo exposure of the drug exposure and AUC in the ENA was good for the non pH-sensitive formulations. The deconvoluted pharmacokinetic data indicated that the receiver chamber was a better predictor for the in vivo performance of the drug, however both chambers provided valuable insights to the observed outcome in vivo. This shows that the advanced in vitro setting used herein successfully could explain absorption differences of highly complex formulations.

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions pose a serious threat to our environment. Therefore, the development of efficient systems to mitigate these issues is of utmost importance. In recent years, Sulphur hexafluoride (SF ) has garnered increasing attention due to its global warming potential, which greatly exceeds that of CO2 on a 100-year scale.

These studies were undertaken to investigate SF6 sorption in novel metal-organic framework materials (MOFs)and how their components affect their function. First, the influence of secondary building units on coordination and sorption properties (SBUs) of SF6 on Ytterbium, Thulium, Cerium and Hafnium 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) pyrene-based (TBAPy4−) MOFs was investigated. Secondly, the possibility of altering surface-chemical properties by pre-synthesis fluorination/amination of UIO-67/68 isostructures was studied.

In the first case, the SF6 sorption properties of four novel, highly porous 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrene-based (TBAPy4−) MOFs containing either Ytterbium, Thulium or Cerium all in the +3-oxidation state, orHafnium (+4) was studied. Pore size effects, coordination-effects on structure, and gas sportive propertieswere investigated and found to change and in some cases improve in the case of SF6 adsorbate.

In the second case, the structures remain the same throughout these different changes, maintaining the Fmmcrystallographic space group characteristic for UIO-MOFs, enabling investigation of the effect of fluorination in isolation from other possible changes. While adding one more novel material. These changes in turn cause changes in SF6 working capacity, uptake, selectivity in simulated binary mixtures and isothermal enthalpy of adsorption. The influence of specific surface area on the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption revealed differences between functionalities.

There is a multi-faceted purpose in these studies. The creation of novel structures contributes to the basic science and understanding of MOFs in general. There is the proposed use of MOFs as swing adsorption adsorbents and in CCUS or more specifically, SF6 sorption. In addition to these purposes, the insight into these material properties can pave the road to more advanced interactions downstream, such as direct air capture of water, in-site catalysis or similar applications. These diverse applications each have intricacies that can be addressed within MOFs and the scientific groundwork surrounding them.

Magnetic hyperthermia holds significant therapeutic potential, yet its clinical adoption faces challenges. One obstacle is the large-scale synthesis of high-quality superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) required for inducing hyperthermia. Robust and scalable manufacturing would ensure control over the key quality attributes of SPIONs, and facilitate clinical translation and regulatory approval. Therefore, we implemented a risk-based pharmaceutical quality by design (QbD) approach for SPION production using flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), a scalable technique with excellent batch-to-batch consistency. A design of experiments method enabled precise size control during manufacturing. Subsequent modeling linked the SPION size (6–30 nm) and composition to intrinsic loss power (ILP), a measure of hyperthermia performance. FSP successfully fine-tuned the SPION composition with dopants (Zn, Mn, Mg), at various concentrations. Hyperthermia performance showed a strong nonlinear relationship with SPION size and composition. Moreover, the ILP demonstrated a stronger correlation to coercivity and remanence than to the saturation magnetization of SPIONs. The optimal operating space identified the midsized (15–18 nm) Mn_0.25Fe_2.75O₄ as the most promising nanoparticle for hyperthermia. The production of these nanoparticles on a pilot scale showed the feasibility of large-scale manufacturing, and cytotoxicity investigations in multiple cell lines confirmed their biocompatibility. In vitro hyperthermia studies with Caco-2 cells revealed that Mn_0.25Fe_2.75O₄ nanoparticles induced 80% greater cell death than undoped SPIONs. The systematic QbD approach developed here incorporates process robustness, scalability, and predictability, thus, supporting the clinical translation of high-performance SPIONs for magnetic hyperthermia.

Recovering noble metals from waste resources and incorporating them into catalysts stands out as a promising strategy for advancing sustainability within the catalysis field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent investigations into noble metal recovery from waste streams, specifically employing porous organic frameworks (POFs). Additionally, the study delves into the utilization of the resultant composites, enriched with noble metals, in heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, we offer insights into the challenges faced and outline prospects for the practical implementation of extracting noble metal catalysts from waste streams using POFs, aiming to develop cost-effective, sustainable, and efficient heterogeneous catalysts.