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Title [sv]
Natriumjoners rörlighet i natriumjonbatterier
Title [en]
Na-ion mobility in Na-ion batteries
Abstract [en]
A robust electricity infrastructure and a fossil-free transport sector with reduced emissions of CO2 benefit from low-cost and power-efficient energy storage. This proposal suggests the study of the specific component (the negative electrode material) that is the bottle neck for the development of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) operating at ambient temperature as an alternative to established lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The arguments for SIBs are manifold. The first is geopolitical: sodium is universally abundant, in stark contrast to lithium which is/will be a limited resource, found mainly in South America and a few other places. Moreover, SIBs can be made without the use of copper as current collector ‚Äì thus rendering them truly low-cost. While LIBs are mainly aimed for electromobility, SIBs will be a complementary technique also suitable for large scale energy storage. This VR continuation project builds on careful investigations of carbon materials that can store Na-ions at low potentials vs. Na+/Na (anodes) followed by a design of bicontinuous carbon foam- structures which can be used as flexible 3D storage electrodes. As a third step we will study novel oxohalides containing antimony that alloy with Na. We will study them both in traditional composite electrodes and deposited within the carbon foams. The overall goal is to achieve an increased reactivity with Na-ions in a low cost electrode. The bicontinuous foams will be prepared from high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions (HIPEs) with different pore-size distributions and heat-treated to form hard carbons or more graphitized carbons. The Na-ion storage capability will be probed as a function of pore-size and distribution. Na-ions have a different reaction mechanism with carbon than Li-ions. In situ and operando studies with XRD, Neutron Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy (together with electrochemistry) will be used to understand the detailed mechanisms for Na-ion reactivity. Our preliminary results show it possible to make free-standing flexible electrodes that can be used as anodes.We suggest the study of a completely novel family of oxide-halides containing antimony which has not yet been studied within the battery community. The compounds will be the synthesized and structurally characterized by Prof. Mats Johnsson, Stockholm University. Preliminary results are promising showing complex reactions taking place within the materials when electrochemically reacting with Na. Both alloying and conversion reactions occur simultaneously but the cycling efficiency in Na-ion batteries is surprisingly high and stable.We are internationally recognized for our careful studies of electrode/electrolyte interfaces using synchrotron based XPS methods. The success of a new electrode material is dependent on how electrodes are prepared and which electrolyte solutions (in this case organic solvents and a Na-salt) the material is stable to during the electrochemical cycling. The time plan contains a first year on studying hard carbons and starting synthesis of carbon foams. The oxyhalides such as, e.g., Ni3Sb4O6F6 and its Co-balt analogue or Mn2Sb3O6Cl, will be provided by M. Johnsson and tested during the second year. Characterisation with different electrochemical and materials characterization techniques will be carried out in parallel to the synthesis. Interface studies will be carried out in the third-fourth year. During the fourth year as summing up of the project will be carried out.The budget comprises funding for a PhD student for four years, materials and part time support for Mats Johnsson and Kristina Edström. All necessary equipment is available at the Ångström Laboratory and Stockholm University (battery cyclers, potentiostats, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, BET, TGA/DSC, etc.).The results will be disseminated in peer review publications, at international conferences and at popular science events. When applicable the results will als
Principal InvestigatorEdström, Kristina
Coordinating organisation
Uppsala University
Funder
Period
2016-01-01 － 2019-12-31
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
DiVA, id: project:5804Project, id: 2015-05106_VR

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