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2025 (English)In: Protein Science, ISSN 0961-8368, E-ISSN 1469-896X, Vol. 34, no 1, article id e5258Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Efflux is one of the mechanisms employed by Gram-negative bacteria to become resistant to routinely used antibiotics. The inhibition of efflux by targeting their regulators is a promising strategy to re-sensitize bacterial pathogens to antibiotics. AcrAB–TolC is the main resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump in Enterobacteriaceae. MarA is an AraC/XylS family global regulator that regulates more than 40 genes related to the antimicrobial resistance phenotype, including acrAB. The aim of this work was to understand the role of the N-terminal helix of MarA in the mechanism of DNA binding. An N-terminal deletion of MarA showed that the N-terminal helix is critical for recognition of the functional marboxes. By engineering two double cysteine variants of MarA that form a disulfide bond between the N-terminal helix and the hydrophobic core of one of the helices in direct DNA contact, and combining in vitro electrophoretic mobility assays, in vivo measurements of acrAB transcription using a GFP reporter system, and molecular dynamic simulations, it was shown that the immobilization of the N-terminal helix of MarA prevents binding to DNA. This inhibited conformation seems to be universal for the monomeric members of the AraC/XylS family, as suggested by additional molecular dynamics simulations of the two-domain protein Rob. These results point to the N-terminal helix of the AraC/XylS family monomeric regulators as a promising target for the development of inhibitors.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2025
Keywords
AraC/XylS family, efflux pump regulation, MarA, mechanism of inhibition, resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily, rob
National Category
Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-546186 (URN)10.1002/pro.5258 (DOI)001374439100001 ()39660948 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85212146978 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon Europe, 839036EU, Horizon Europe, 890562Swedish Research Council, 201606213Swedish Research Council, 2016-07213Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2016.0077
2025-01-092025-01-092025-02-20Bibliographically approved