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The involvement of cyclotides in mutual interactions of violets and the two-spotted spider mite
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Farmakognosi. Polish Acad Sci, W Szafer Inst Bot, 46 Lubicz, PL-31512 Krakow, Poland..
Polish Acad Sci, W Szafer Inst Bot, 46 Lubicz, PL-31512 Krakow, Poland..
Polish Acad Sci, Nencki EMBL Ctr Excellence Neural Plast & Brain D, Lab Neurobiol, BRAINCITY,Nencki Inst Expt Biol, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland..
Univ Life Sci SGGW, Dept Plant Protect, Sect Appl Entomol, Inst Hort Sci, 159 Nowoursynowska, PL-02776 Warsaw, Poland..
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2022 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 1914Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Plants employ different chemicals to protect themselves from herbivory. These defenses may be constitutive or triggered by stress. The chemicals can be toxic, act as repellents, phagosuppressants and/or phago-deterrents. The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is a generalist arthropod herbivorous pest and its feeding causes extensive damage both to crops and wild plants. Cyclotides are cyclic peptides involved in host-plant defenses. A single Viola sp. can produce more than a hundred cyclotides with different biological activities and roles. The organ and tissue specific cyclotide patterns change over the seasons and/or with environment, but the role of biotic/abiotic stress in shaping them remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of cyclotides in mutual interactions between violets and mites. We used immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry imaging to show the ingested cyclotides in T. urticae and assess the Viola odorata response to mite feeding. Moreover, to assess how mites are affected by feeding on violets, acceptance and reproductive performance was compared between Viola uliginosa, V. odorata and Phaseolus vulgaris. We demonstrate that cyclotides had been taken in by mites feeding on the violets. The ingested peptides were found in contact with epithelial cells of the mite digestive system, in the fecal matter, feces, ovary and eggs. Mites preferred common bean plants (P. vulgaris) to any of the violet species; the latter affected their reproductive performance. The production of particular cyclotides in V. odorata (denoted by molecular weights: 2979, 3001, 3017, 3068, 3084, 3123) was activated by mite feeding and their levels were significantly elevated compared to the control after 5 and 21 days of infestation. Specific cyclotides may affect mites by being indigestible or through direct interaction with cells in the mite digestive tract and reproductive organs. A group of particular peptides in V. odorata appears to be involved in defense response against herbivores.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
NATURE PORTFOLIO Springer Nature, 2022. Vol. 12, no 1, article id 1914
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Evolutionary Biology Botany
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URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-467910DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05461-yISI: 000752017100066PubMedID: 35115562OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-467910DiVA, id: diva2:1639044
Available from: 2022-02-18 Created: 2022-02-18 Last updated: 2024-12-03Bibliographically approved

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Slazak, BlazejShariatgorji, RezaNilsson, AnnaAndrén, Per E.Göransson, Ulf

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FarmakognosiDepartment of Pharmaceutical BiosciencesScience for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLabDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry
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