The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of China’s Comprehensive Medical Reform (CMR), which was implemented in 2015, on resolving the problem of “difficult to receive medical treatment and high cost of getting medical treatment”. To estimate the effects of the CMR, I use the difference-in-differences method and data from the China Family Panel Survey 2010 to 2020. My estimates indicate that the CMR improves the residents’ recognition of medical treatment quality and decreases medical expenditures. In contrast, I find there is no effect on the residents’ satisfaction with their medical conditions and health outcomes. The happiness of residents is improved in the short run. The CMR improves rural residents’ health outcomes and decreases their medical expenditures significantly more than urban residents. Compared to the unemployed residents, employed residents benefit more from the CMR. These estimates imply that the CMR alleviates the existing problem of medical conditions in China, but it is still necessary to improve the residents’ satisfaction with local medical conditions and health outcomes.