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Despite a universally accessible and high-quality welfare system, disparities in health and wellbeing persist between families who have migrated to Sweden and the native population. The South African Mentor Mother programme, a social innovation for maternal and child health among socially disadvantaged communities, was transferred and adapted to benefit mothers and pregnant women with experiences of migrating to Sweden.

This thesis aims to explore the adaptation, implementation and further development of the South African Mentor Mother programme in two locations in Sweden, based on professional and lived experience among various groups of stakeholders.

In Study I, three workshops and eleven interviews were held with stakeholders to explore central aspects of the adaptation process. These aspects entailed prioritising social determinants of health over health behaviour change, using indirect mechanisms and social ripples to achieve change, prioritising referring clients over intervening directly, recruiting peer supporters with competencies responding to a heterogeneous socio-cultural context, and allowing flexibility in programme content and methods.

In Study II, nineteen interviews with different stakeholders and digital field logs of peer support meetings (n=1,294) were used to evaluate the implementations of the programme. Contextual factors of importance included institutional mistrust, gender norms, unpredictable funding, and the organisation's third sector affiliation. Peer supporters prioritised linking clients to welfare services over educational intervention components, and sometimes experienced blurring between professional and personal roles. Practical support and trustful relationships emerged as important entry points to support more sensitive issues. 

In Study III, the photovoice method was used to conduct a focus group discussion and six interviews with Mentor Mothers and their coordinator in Gothenburg, exploring how they developed empowerment strategies perceived to be relevant, feasible and effective. These strategies consisted of various aspects of using both informative, practical, psychosocial and motivational support to meet community health and social needs.

In Study IV, twenty-one interviews with Mentor Mothers, client mothers and other stakeholders were conducted to explore the emergence and management of mistrust in welfare services in Gothenburg. Mistrust was described to arise through rumours, unclear interactions with services, and lack of familiarity with the welfare system. Mentor Mothers used various strategies to build trusting relations with clients, which enabled them to promote institutional trust through information and humanisation of service providers.

This thesis illustrates how innovative community-based solutions to complex societal problems can be transferred between contexts, implemented and further developed to ensure their relevance to the target group.