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Searching for IceCube Neutrinos from the Death of Stars and Beyond: From MeV to PeV Energies
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1830-098X
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Description
Abstract [en]

The stellar death and its aftermath are compelling systems to study due to their extreme conditions and a rich array of observable messengers, such as photons, gravitational waves, and neutrinos. Neutrinos, as messengers of these systems, are particularly interesting due to their ability to traverse space unimpeded by interstellar debris, magnetic fields, or photons, thus preserving important information about the source, with different sites of production that influence the neutrino energy from nuclear processes in very dense and hot environments producing thermal MeV energy neutrinos to cosmic acceleration sites, where matter collides in shocks, producing high energy neutrinos in the O(>GeV-TeV). These neutrinos can be observed by neutrino telescopes such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which has sensitivity for neutrinos from the MeV to >PeV energy ranges. In this thesis, we performed several searches, focusing on MeV neutrinos from Gamma Ray Bursts and Neutron Star Mergers, making use of information from other messengers such as photons and gravitational waves to inform our search, and >GeV neutrinos from Core-Collapse Supernovae. We produced MeV neutrino flux limits for GRB 221009A and provided detection horizon limits for >GeV neutrinos from Core-Collapse Supernovae. We also introduced a novel methodology for producing model-independent MeV neutrino flux and luminosity limits, developed a new IceCube MeV energy real-time fast analysis for the follow-up of external alerts from other observatories, and demonstrated how to search for MeV neutrinos correlated with gravitational waves.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2024. , p. 121
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, ISSN 1651-6214 ; 2426
Keywords [en]
Neutrinos, Gravitational Waves, Neutron Star Mergers, Core-Collapse Supernova, Supernovae, High-Energy Neutrinos, Low-Energy Neutrinos, Astrophysical Neutrinos
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Subatomic Physics
Research subject
Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-535303ISBN: 978-91-513-2185-1 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-535303DiVA, id: diva2:1886486
Public defence
2024-09-19, Häggsalen, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-08-27 Created: 2024-08-01 Last updated: 2024-08-27
List of papers
1. Limits on Neutrino Emission from GRB 221009A from MeV to PeV Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Limits on Neutrino Emission from GRB 221009A from MeV to PeV Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
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2023 (English)In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, ISSN 2041-8205, E-ISSN 2041-8213, Vol. 946, no 1, article id L26Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been considered a possible source of high-energy neutrinos. While no correlations have yet been detected between high-energy neutrinos and GRBs, the recent observation of GRB 221009A-the brightest GRB observed by Fermi-GBM to date and the first one to be observed above an energy of 10 TeV-provides a unique opportunity to test for hadronic emission. In this paper, we leverage the wide energy range of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory to search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A. We find no significant deviation from background expectation across event samples ranging from MeV to PeV energies, placing stringent upper limits on the neutrino emission from this source.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Physics (IOP), 2023
National Category
Subatomic Physics Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-512879 (URN)10.3847/2041-8213/acc077 (DOI)000982870400001 ()
Funder
German Research Foundation (DFG)Swedish Research CouncilSwedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC)Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationSwedish Polar Research Secretariat
Note

For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc077

Correction in: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Volume 970, Issue 2

DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad654b

Available from: 2023-09-29 Created: 2023-09-29 Last updated: 2024-09-13Bibliographically approved
2. Prospects for Extending the Core-collapse Supernova Detection Horizon Using High-energy Neutrinos
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Prospects for Extending the Core-collapse Supernova Detection Horizon Using High-energy Neutrinos
2023 (English)In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 945, no 2, article id 98Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Large neutrino detectors like IceCube monitor for core-collapse supernovae using low-energy (MeV) neutrinos with a detection reach from a supernova neutrino burst to the Magellanic Cloud. However, some models predict the emission of high-energy neutrinos of GeV-TeV from core-collapse supernovae through the interaction of ejecta with circumstellar material with energies of TeV-PeV produced through choked jets. In this paper, we explore the detection horizon of IceCube for core-collapse supernovae using high-energy neutrinos from these models. We examine the potential of two high-energy neutrino data samples from IceCube, one that performs best in the northern sky and one that has better sensitivity in the southern sky. We demonstrate that, by using high-energy neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae, the detection reach can be extended to the megaparsec range, far beyond what is accessible through low-energy neutrinos. Looking ahead to IceCube-Gen2, this reach will be extended considerably.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP), 2023
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Subatomic Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-499887 (URN)10.3847/1538-4357/acb33f (DOI)000946759000001 ()
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-05447
Available from: 2023-04-12 Created: 2023-04-12 Last updated: 2024-08-01Bibliographically approved
3. Realtime Follow-up of External Alerts with the IceCube Supernova Data Acquisition System
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Realtime Follow-up of External Alerts with the IceCube Supernova Data Acquisition System
2023 (English)In: Proceedings of XVIII International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics  (TAUP2023): Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Sissa Medialab srl , 2023, article id 236Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is uniquely sensitive to MeV neutrinos emitted during a core-collapse supernova. The Supernova Data Acquisition System (SNDAQ) monitors in real-time the detector rate deviation searching for bursts of MeV neutrinos. We present a new analysis stream that uses SNDAQ to respond to external alerts from gravitational waves detected in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sissa Medialab srl, 2023
Series
PoS Proceedings of Science, E-ISSN 1824-8039 ; 441
Keywords
IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Supernova Neutrinos, Gravitational Waves
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Research subject
Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-535300 (URN)10.22323/1.441.0236 (DOI)
Conference
XVIII International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP2023), Vienna, 28 August-1 September, 2023
Available from: 2024-07-23 Created: 2024-07-23 Last updated: 2024-08-01Bibliographically approved
4. IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
Open this publication in new window or tab >>IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
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2023 (English)In: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023), Sissa Medialab Srl , 2023, article id 1511Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

 GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sissa Medialab Srl, 2023
Series
PoS proceedings of science, E-ISSN 1824-8039 ; 444
Keywords
Neutrinos, gamma-ray burst
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Research subject
Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-535302 (URN)10.22323/1.444.1511 (DOI)
Conference
The 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Nagoya, Japan, 26 July- 3 August, 2023
Available from: 2024-07-23 Created: 2024-07-23 Last updated: 2024-08-01Bibliographically approved
5. IceCube Search of MeV Neutrino Bursts Correlated with Gravitational Waves from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Open this publication in new window or tab >>IceCube Search of MeV Neutrino Bursts Correlated with Gravitational Waves from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
2024 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Numerous models predict MeV neutrino production correlated with gravitational waves from neutron star merger systems. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is sensitive to the MeV neutrinos from bright transients such as core-collapse supernovae via the Supernova Data Acquisition system (SNDAQ). We perform a search for MeV neutrinos correlated with gravitational waves, using the data recorded by SNDAQ and the times of the gravitational wave detections. We searched in four different search windows: 0.5 s, 1.5 s, 4 s, and 10 s. We then perform a binomial test on the two populations in the catalog: those events that contain no neutron star (Binary black hole mergers) and events that contain at least one neutron star (binary neutron star mergers and black hole - neutron star mergers).
Publisher
p. 22
Keywords
Neutrinos, IceCube, Gravitational Waves
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Subatomic Physics
Research subject
Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-535508 (URN)
Note

The report is available at: https://internal-apps.icecube.wisc.edu/reports/details.php?type=report&id=icecube%2F202408001

Available from: 2024-08-01 Created: 2024-08-01 Last updated: 2024-08-01

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