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A rockslide-generated tsunami in a Greenland fjord rang Earth for 9 days
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark..ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3863-8096
Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK..ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7476-3284
Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany..ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2330-3886
Seismology - Gravimetry, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium..ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4988-6477
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2024 (English)In: Science, ISSN 0036-8075, E-ISSN 1095-9203, Vol. 385, no 6714, p. 1196-1205Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Climate change is increasingly predisposing polar regions to large landslides. Tsunamigenic landslides have occurred recently in Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat), but none have been reported from the eastern fjords. In September 2023, we detected the start of a 9-day-long, global 10.88-millihertz (92-second) monochromatic very-long-period (VLP) seismic signal, originating from East Greenland. In this study, we demonstrate how this event started with a glacial thinning–induced rock-ice avalanche of 25 × 106 cubic meters plunging into Dickson Fjord, triggering a 200-meter-high tsunami. Simulations show that the tsunami stabilized into a 7-meter-high long-duration seiche with a frequency (11.45 millihertz) and slow amplitude decay that were nearly identical to the seismic signal. An oscillating, fjord-transverse single force with a maximum amplitude of 5 × 1011 newtons reproduced the seismic amplitudes and their radiation pattern relative to the fjord, demonstrating how a seiche directly caused the 9-day-long seismic signal. Our findings highlight how climate change is causing cascading, hazardous feedbacks between the cryosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2024. Vol. 385, no 6714, p. 1196-1205
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Geophysics
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URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-539318DOI: 10.1126/science.adm9247ISI: 001408428800029Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85204167409OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-539318DiVA, id: diva2:1901319
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 101001601EU, Horizon 2020, 101093038EU, Horizon 2020, 101058129EU, Horizon 2020, 101058518Novo Nordisk Foundation, NNF23OC00807040Available from: 2024-09-26 Created: 2024-09-26 Last updated: 2025-06-24Bibliographically approved

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Lund, Björn

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