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An XPS Study of Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries in Full Cell LNMO vs Si/Graphite
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0000-4349
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.ORCID iD: 0009-0002-8213-7141
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry. SINTEF Ind, Dept Sustainable Energy Technol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6299-1319
Natl Res & Dev Inst Cryogen & Isotop Technol ICSI, ICSI Energy Dept, ROM EST Lab, Ramnicu Valcea 240050, Romania..
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2024 (English)In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 16, no 26, p. 34266-34280Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Two different types of electrolytes (co-solvent and multi-salt) are tested for use in high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4||Si/graphite full cells and compared against a carbonate-based standard LiPF6 containing electrolyte (baseline). Ex situ postmortem XPS analysis on both anodes and cathodes over the life span of the cells reveals a continuously growing SEI and CEI for the baseline electrolyte. The cells cycled in the co-solvent electrolyte exhibited a relatively thick and long-term stable CEI (on LNMO), while a slowly growing SEI was determined to form on the Si/graphite. The multi-salt electrolyte offers more inorganic-rich SEI/CEI while also forming the thinnest SEI/CEI observed in this study. Cross-talk is identified in the baseline electrolyte cell, where Si is detected on the cathode, and Mn is detected on the anode. Both the multi-salt and co-solvent electrolytes are observed to substantially reduce this cross-talk, where the co-solvent is found to be the most effective. In addition, Al corrosion is detected for the multi-salt electrolyte mainly at its end-of-life stage, where Al can be found on both the anode and cathode. Although the co-solvent electrolyte offers superior interface properties in terms of the limitation of cross-talk, the multi-salt electrolyte offers the best overall performance, suggesting that interface thickness plays a superior role compared to cross-talk. Together with their electrochemical cycling performance, the results suggest that multi-salt electrolyte provides a better long-term passivation of the electrodes for high-voltage cells.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2024. Vol. 16, no 26, p. 34266-34280
Keywords [en]
LNMO-Si/graphite battery, solid electrolyte interface, SEI, cathode electrolyteinterface, CEI, surface analysis, ionicliquid electrolyte
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-541412DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01891ISI: 001252847100001PubMedID: 38904375OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-541412DiVA, id: diva2:1909553
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EU, Horizon 2020, 875527StandUpAvailable from: 2024-10-31 Created: 2024-10-31 Last updated: 2024-10-31Bibliographically approved

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Azmi, RahelehLindgren, FredrikStokes-Rodriguez, KillianEdström, KristinaHahlin, Maria

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