Conditioned Galton–Watson Trees: The Shape Functional, and More on the Sum of Powers of Subtree Sizes and Its Mean
2024 (English)In: La Matematica, E-ISSN 2730-9657, Vol. 3, no 2, p. 435-508Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
For a complex number α, we consider the sum of the αth powers of subtree sizes in Galton–Watson trees conditioned to be of size n. Limiting distributions of this functional X n (α) have been determined for Re α ≠ 0, revealing a transition between a complex normal limiting distribution for Re α < 0 and a non-normal limiting distribution for Re α > 0. In this paper, we complete the picture by proving a normal limiting distribution, along with moment convergence, in the missing case Re α = 0. The same results are also established in the case of the so-called shape functional X′n (0),which is the sum of the logarithms of all subtree sizes; these results were obtained earlier in special cases. In addition, we prove convergence of all moments in the case Re α < 0, where this result was previously missing, and establish new results about the asymptotic mean for real α < 1/2. A novel feature for Re α = 0 is that we find joint convergence for several α to independent limits, in contrast to the cases Re α ≠ 0, where the limit is known to bea continuous function of α. Another difference from the case Re α ≠ 0 is that there is a logarithmic factor in the asymptotic variance when Re α = 0; this holds also for the shape functional.
The proofs are largely based on singularity analysis of generating functions.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2024. Vol. 3, no 2, p. 435-508
Keywords [en]
Conditioned Galton–Watson tree, Simply generated random tree, Additive functional, Tree recurrence, Subtree sizes, Shape functional, Generating function, Singularity analysis, Hadamard product of power series, Method of moments, Polylogarithm, Laplace transform
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-547017DOI: 10.1007/s44007-024-00087-0ISI: 001495333800001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85195372685OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-547017DiVA, id: diva2:1926996
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2017.01122025-01-142025-01-142025-06-13Bibliographically approved