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Militarized elections and citizens’ support for democratic rights: evidence from India
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Peace and Conflict Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4376-779x
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Peace and Conflict Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5251-7309
2025 (English)In: Democratization, ISSN 1351-0347, E-ISSN 1743-890X, Vol. 32, no 4, p. 865-887Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Across the world, many citizens go to the polls amidst armed threats from both state and non-state actors. How do militarized elections affect citizens’ willingness to accept restrictions on democratic rights? We argue that when forming opinions about appropriate limits to state powers, citizens navigate competing threats from state and non-state actors. The display of state coercive force should make citizens more protective of civil and political rights. Yet, if it occurs in the context of threat posed by non-state actors, citizens may become more likely to accept that rights are restricted. We embed a vignette experiment with a selective information prime in a 2019 post-election survey of 1,080 Indian citizens across two states affected by armed insurgency. We find that being primed on a heavy state-military presence makes citizens more reluctant to accept restrictions on civil and political rights, but the effect is only found among politically marginalized groups. In the presence of violent non-state threats, however, citizens become more likely to support policies that curtail democratic rights.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2025. Vol. 32, no 4, p. 865-887
Keywords [en]
Militarized elections; state security forces; insurgency; support for democracy; India
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies
Research subject
Peace and Conflict Research
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-554196DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2024.2421831ISI: 001355023200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85209649166OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-554196DiVA, id: diva2:1950797
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, KAW 2017.0141The Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities (KVHAA)Available from: 2025-04-09 Created: 2025-04-09 Last updated: 2025-06-26Bibliographically approved

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Deglow, AnnekatrinFjelde, Hanne

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