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VERITAS and Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar B3 2247+381 in Response to an IceCube Neutrino Alert
Univ Southern Denmark, ICP3 Origins, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7448-4189
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8588-7306
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1510-1712
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Number of Authors: 4972025 (English)In: Astrophysical Journal, ISSN 0004-637X, E-ISSN 1538-4357, Vol. 982, no 2, article id 80Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

While the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are still largely unknown, one of the promising methods to improve our understanding of them is investigating the potential temporal and spatial correlations between neutrino alerts and the electromagnetic radiation from blazars. We report on the multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar B3 2247+381, taken in response to an IceCube multiplet alert for a cluster of muon neutrino events compatible with the source location between 2022 May 20 and 2022 November 10. B3 2247+381 was not detected with VERITAS during this time period. The source was found to be in a low-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, and gamma-ray bands for the time interval corresponding to the neutrino event, but was detected in the hard X-ray band with NuSTAR during this period. We find the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is described well using a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model. Moreover, assuming the neutrinos originate from hadronic processes within the jet, the neutrino flux would be accompanied by a photon flux from the cascade emission, and the integrated photon flux required in such a case would significantly exceed the total multiwavelength fluxes and the VERITAS upper limits presented here. The lack of flaring activity observed with VERITAS, combined with the low multiwavelength flux levels, as well as the significance of the neutrino excess being at a 3 sigma level (uncorrected for trials), makes B3 2247+381 an unlikely source of the IceCube multiplet. We conclude that the neutrino excess is likely a background fluctuation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP), 2025. Vol. 982, no 2, article id 80
National Category
Subatomic Physics Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-556709DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adb30cISI: 001458445200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105002747800OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-556709DiVA, id: diva2:1961123
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilSwedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC)Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Note

For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb30c

Available from: 2025-05-26 Created: 2025-05-26 Last updated: 2025-05-26Bibliographically approved

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Beise, JakobBotner, OlgaColeman, AlanGlaser, ChristianGlüsenkamp, ThorstenHallgren, AllanHeyer, NilsO'Sullivan, ErinPérez de los Heros, CarlosPontén, AxelRavn, MartinValtonen-Mattila, Nora

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Beise, JakobBotner, OlgaColeman, AlanGlaser, ChristianGlüsenkamp, ThorstenHallgren, AllanHeyer, NilsO'Sullivan, ErinPérez de los Heros, CarlosPontén, AxelRavn, MartinValtonen-Mattila, Nora
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