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Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are considered as a promising photovoltaic technology due to their low cost and high efficiency exceeding 26.8%. Ultra-lightweight flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) can be applied to many fields such as architecture and portable devices. Although the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of FPSC has exceeded 24% in the past few years, further application of FPSC is constrained by the challenges posed by limitation of critical material components. Here, we discussed recent research progress of key FPSC materials, mechanical endurance, low-temperature fabrication, etc. With the advantages of high brightness, collimation and resolution, we specially introduced the application of synchrotron radiation grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) to directly observe the perovskite buried interface structure and corresponding mechanical stability of FPSCs without any damage. Finally, we summarize the challenges and propose an outlook about the large-scale preparation of efficient and stable FPSC modules.