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Back contact passivation with Ga-grading in narrow bandgap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 bifacial solar cells on In2O3:Sn back contact
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Solar Cell Technology. Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden.
International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal; Departamento de Física da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.ORCID iD: 0009-0001-6858-6680
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Solar Cell Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2101-3746
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Solar Cell Technology.ORCID iD: 0009-0002-5591-7572
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This study investigates the effect of Ga-grading in narrow bandgap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGS) bifacial solar cells on In2O3:Sn (ITO) transparent substrates. It is found that the performance of cells on ITO equals or supersedes the performance of reference cells made on Mo. Up to 60% bifaciality is measured for the cells on ITO. At the ACIGS/ITO interface a layer of approximately 3 nm GaOx is identified with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and is believed to have a passivating effect on the back contact. An increase in the steepness of the Ga-grading at the rear interface results in better overall performance for front- and rear-side measurements, which likely indicates an added rear-contact passivation effect. A steep Ga-grading is achieved for absorbers of thicknesses ranging from 250 nm to 1 μm. The importance of the Ga-grading for current collection under front and rear illumination is shown by comparison with a flat profile, where the graded absorber reached twice the current density of the ungraded absorber under rear illumination and 12% higher current density under front illumination.
Keywords [en]
CIGS, ACIGS, bifacial, thin film technology, back contact passivation, solar cells, photovoltaics
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-574003OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-574003DiVA, id: diva2:2023531
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationWallenberg Foundations
Note

Enhanced manuscript of the paper with the same name, published in the conference proceedings of the 2025 IEEE 53rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference.

Available from: 2025-12-19 Created: 2025-12-19 Last updated: 2026-03-10
In thesis
1. Bifacial, thin-film (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells for tandem applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bifacial, thin-film (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells for tandem applications
2025 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This licentiate thesis summarises the common fabrication and characterisation techniques of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGS) solar cells. Important process steps and their effects on the properties of the solar cells are described, such as the multi-stage co-evaporation technique, Ga-grading of the absorber, and alkali treatment. Experimental results are presented with different characterisation methods to illustrate the effects of the process techniques. The role of ACIGS solar cells in the tandem solar cell structure is briefly discussed. The focus of the thesis is to show a cell fabrication process that yields good solar cell performance on the transparent back contact indium tin oxide (ITO). Studies of ACIGS on ITO are presented to show the benefits and challenges when working with this back contact compared to the standard, molybdenum back contact.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Uppsala universitet, 2025. p. 59
Keywords
CIGS, ACIGS, solar cells, solar cell technology, tandem solar cells, thin film technology, characterisation, sustainability, environment, energy, GaOx, ITO, bifacial, TCO, CIGS, ACIGS, solceller, solcellsteknik, tandemsolceller, tunnfilmsteknik, karaktäriseringsmetoder, hållbarhet, miljö, energi
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Engineering Science with specialization in Electronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-572723 (URN)
Presentation
2025-11-27, Uppsala, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE)
Available from: 2026-03-10 Created: 2026-03-09 Last updated: 2026-03-10Bibliographically approved

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Yakovleva, ElizavetaDonzel-Gargand, OlivierKiselman, KlaraPearson, PatrickStolt, LarsEdoff, Marika

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