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  • 1.
    Aarnio, Mikko
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Appel, Lieuwe
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology.
    Fredriksson, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gordh, Torsten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Wolf, Olof
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Sörensen, Jens
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology.
    Eriksson, Måns
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Peterson, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine.
    Linnman, Clas
    Harvard Med Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Boston, MA USA.
    Visualization of painful inflammation in patients with pain after traumatic ankle sprain using [(11)C]-D-deprenyl PET/CT.2017In: Scandinavian Journal of Pain, ISSN 1877-8860, E-ISSN 1877-8879, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 418-424Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Positron emission tomography (PET) with the radioligand [(11)C]-D-deprenyl has shown increased signal at location of pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic whiplash injury. The binding site of [(11)C]-D-deprenyl in peripheral tissues is suggested to be mitochondrial monoamine oxidase in cells engaged in post-traumatic inflammation and tissue repair processes. The association between [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake and the transition from acute to chronic pain remain unknown. Further imaging studies of musculoskeletal pain at the molecular level would benefit from establishing a clinical model in a common and well-defined injury in otherwise healthy and drug-naïve subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate if [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake would be acutely elevated in unilateral ankle sprain and if tracer uptake would be reduced as a function of healing, and correlated with pain localizations and pain experience.

    METHODS: Eight otherwise healthy patients with unilateral ankle sprain were recruited at the emergency department. All underwent [(11)C]-D-deprenyl PET/CT in the acute phase, at one month and 6-14 months after injury.

    RESULTS: Acute [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake at the injury site was a factor of 10.7 (range 2.9-37.3) higher than the intact ankle. During healing, [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake decreased, but did not normalize until after 11 months. Patients experiencing persistent pain had prolonged [(11)C]-D-deprenyl uptake in painful locations.

    CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The data provide further support that [(11)C]-D-deprenyl PET can visualize, quantify and follow processes in peripheral tissue that may relate to soft tissue injuries, inflammation and associated nociceptive signaling. Such an objective correlate would represent a progress in pain research, as well as in clinical pain diagnostics and management.

  • 2.
    Ahmad, Shafqat
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular epidemiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Arnlov, Johan
    Karolinska Inst, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc NVS, S-14152 Stockholm, Sweden.;Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, S-79131 Falun, Sweden..
    Larsson, Susanna C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical epidemiology. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Unit Cardiovasc & Nutr Epidemiol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.;Uppsala Univ, Dept Surg Sci, Unit Med Epidemiol, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Genetically Predicted Circulating Copper and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 3, p. 509-, article id 509Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Elevated circulating copper levels have been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney damage, and decline in kidney function. Using a two sample Mendelian randomization approach where copper-associated genetic variants were used as instrumental variables, genetically predicted higher circulating copper levels were associated with higher CKD prevalence (odds ratio 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.32; p-value = 0.009). There was suggestive evidence that genetically predicted higher copper was associated with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and a more rapid kidney damage decline. In conclusion, we observed that elevated circulating copper levels may be a causal risk factor for CKD.

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  • 3.
    Albrektsson, Madelene
    et al.
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, Gothenburg, Sweden.;Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Wolf, Olof
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Enocson, Anders
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Sundfeldt, Mikael
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, Gothenburg, Sweden.;Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Validation of the classification of surgically treated acetabular fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register2022In: Injury, ISSN 0020-1383, E-ISSN 1879-0267, Vol. 53, no 6, p. 2145-2149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives

    To validate the classification of surgically treated acetabular fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) and to investigate the intra- and interrater reliability of the Judet-Letournel / AO/OTA classification systems.

    Methods

    Surgically treated acetabular fractures were randomly selected from the SFR (n = 132) and 124 fractures were classified independently by three experienced orthopedic pelvic surgeons at two different occasions. A gold standard classification was established for each case after these two sessions or, if necessary, after a discussion session. The gold standard classification was compared to the registered SFR classification to assess the validity of SFR data. Accuracy and intra- and interrater agreement were evaluated using Cohen's kappa with interpretation according to Landis and Koch.

    Results

    There was moderate agreement between the established gold standard classification and the SFR (kappa 0.43). The level of agreement differed between classification groups. The intrarater agreement was substantial to almost perfect and interrater agreement was moderate to substantial.

    Conclusions

    The accuracy of acetabular fracture classifications in the SFR was moderate and comparable to previous validation studies from the SFR on other fracture types. As the accuracy differed between fracture groups, care should be taken when analyzing data from the SFR on specific acetabular fracture groups.

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  • 4. Almqvist, Catarina
    et al.
    Adami, Hans-Olov
    Franks, Paul W.
    Groop, Leif
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Kere, Juha
    Lissner, Lauren
    Litton, Jan-Eric
    Maeurer, Markus
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Palmgren, Juni
    Pershagen, Göran
    Ploner, Alexander
    Sullivan, Patrick F.
    Tybring, Gunnel
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    LifeGene - A large prospective population-based study of global relevance2011In: European Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0393-2990, E-ISSN 1573-7284, Vol. 26, no 1, p. 67-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studying gene-environment interactions requires that the amount and quality of the lifestyle data is comparable to what is available for the corresponding genomic data. Sweden has several crucial prerequisites for comprehensive longitudinal biomedical research, such as the personal identity number, the universally available national health care system, continuously updated population and health registries and a scientifically motivated population. LifeGene builds on these strengths to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical applications with particular attention to populations, through a unique design in a research-friendly setting. LifeGene is designed both as a prospective cohort study and an infrastructure with repeated contacts of study participants approximately every 5 years. Index persons aged 18-45 years old will be recruited and invited to include their household members (partner and any children). A comprehensive questionnaire addressing cutting-edge research questions will be administered through the web with short follow-ups annually. Biosamples and physical measurements will also be collected at baseline, and re-administered every 5 years thereafter. Event-based sampling will be a key feature of LifeGene. The household-based design will give the opportunity to involve young couples prior to and during pregnancy, allowing for the first study of children born into cohort with complete pre-and perinatal data from both the mother and father. Questions and sampling schemes will be tailored to the participants' age and life events. The target of LifeGene is to enrol 500,000 Swedes and follow them longitudinally for at least 20 years.

  • 5.
    Andersen, Kasper
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Farahmand, Bahman
    Ahlbom, Anders
    Held, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Ljunghall, Sverker
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and mineral metabolism.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Risk of arrhythmias in 52 755 long-distance cross-country skiers: a cohort study2013In: European Heart Journal, ISSN 0195-668X, E-ISSN 1522-9645, Vol. 34, no 47, p. 3624-3631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS:

    We aimed to investigate the association of number of completed races and finishing time with risk of arrhythmias among participants of Vasaloppet, a 90 km cross-country skiing event.

    METHODS AND RESULTS:

    All the participants without cardiovascular disease who completed Vasaloppet during 1989-98 were followed through national registries until December 2005. Primary outcome was hospitalization for any arrhythmia and secondary outcomes were atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), bradyarrhythmias, other supraventricular tachycardias (SVT), and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest (VT/VF/CA). Among 52 755 participants, 919 experienced arrhythmia during follow-up. Adjusting for age, education, and occupational status, those who completed the highest number of races during the period had higher risk of any arrhythmias [hazard ratio (HR)1.30; 95% CI 1.08-1.58; for ≥5 vs. 1 completed race], AF (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04-1.61), and bradyarrhythmias (HR 2.10; 95% CI 1.28-3.47). Those who had the fastest relative finishing time also had higher risk of any arrhythmias (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04-1.62; for 100-160% vs. >240% of winning time), AF (1.20; 95% CI 0.93-1.55), and bradyarrhythmias (HR 1.85; 95% CI 0.97-3.54). SVT or VT/VF/CA was not associated with finishing time or number of completed races.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Among male participants of a 90 km cross-country skiing event, a faster finishing time and a high number of completed races were associated with higher risk of arrhythmias. This was mainly driven by a higher incidence of AF and bradyarrhythmias. No association with SVT or VT/VF/CA was found.

  • 6.
    Andersen, Kasper
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular epidemiology.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Byberg, Liisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Skeletal muscle morphology and risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly men2015In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, ISSN 2047-4873, E-ISSN 2047-4881, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 231-239Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    While it is well known that physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, there is still a search for the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its positive effect. Skeletal muscle fibre type can be affected to some extent by exercise, and different fibre types possess different anti-inflammatory and glucometabolic properties that may influence cardiovascular disease risk.

    DESIGN:

    Population-based cohort study.

    METHODS:

    We investigated relations of skeletal muscle morphology to risk of cardiovascular events in a sample of 466 71-year-old men without cardiovascular disease, of which 295 were physically active (strenuous physical activity at least 3 h/week).

    RESULTS:

    During a median of 13.1 years of follow up, 173 major cardiovascular events occurred. Among physically active men, 10% higher proportion of type-I (slow-twitch oxidative) fibres was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.74-0.95) for cardiovascular events, and 10% higher proportion of type-IIx (fast-twitch glycolytic) fibres was associated with a HR of 1.24 (1.06-1.45), adjusting for age. Similar results were observed in several sets of multivariable-adjusted models. No association of muscle fibre type with risk of cardiovascular events was observed among physically inactive men.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Higher skeletal muscle proportion of type-I fibres was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and a higher proportion of type-IIx fibres was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. These relations were only observed in physically active men. Skeletal muscle fibre composition may be a mediator of the protective effects of exercise against cardiovascular disease.

  • 7. Andersen, Lise Geisler
    et al.
    Ängquist, Lars
    Gamborg, Michael
    Byberg, Liisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Bengtsson, Calle
    Canoy, Dexter
    Eriksson, Johan G.
    Eriksson, Marit
    Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta
    Lissner, Lauren
    Nilsen, Tom I.
    Osler, Merete
    Overvad, Kim
    Rasmussen, Finn
    Salonen, Minna K.
    Schack-Nielsen, Lene
    Tammelin, Tuija H.
    Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
    Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.
    Baker, Jennifer L.
    Birth weight in relation to leisure time physical activity in adolescence and adulthood: meta-analysis of results from 13 nordic cohorts2009In: PloS one, ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 4, no 12, p. e8192-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Prenatal life exposures, potentially manifested as altered birth size, may influence the later risk of major chronic diseases through direct biologic effects on disease processes, but also by modifying adult behaviors such as physical activity that may influence later disease risk. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We investigated the association between birth weight and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in 43,482 adolescents and adults from 13 Nordic cohorts. Random effects meta-analyses were performed on categorical estimates from cohort-, age-, sex- and birth weight specific analyses. Birth weight showed a reverse U-shaped association with later LTPA; within the range of normal weight the association was negligible but weights below and above this range were associated with a lower probability of undertaking LTPA. Compared with the reference category (3.26-3.75 kg), the birth weight categories of 1.26-1.75, 1.76-2.25, 2.26-2.75, and 4.76-5.25 kg, had odds ratios of 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.94), 0.72 (0.59, 0.88), 0.89 (0.79, 0.99), and 0.65 (0.50, 0.86), respectively. The shape and strength of the birth weight-LTPA association was virtually independent of sex, age, gestational age, educational level, concurrent body mass index, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The association between birth weight and undertaking LTPA is very weak within the normal birth weight range, but both low and high birth weights are associated with a lower probability of undertaking LTPA, which hence may be a mediator between prenatal influences and later disease risk.

  • 8.
    Andersen, Mikkel Österheden
    et al.
    Reg Southern Denmark, Ctr Spine Surg & Res, Middelfart, Denmark;Univ Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Fritzell, Peter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Capio St Goran Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden;Qulturum Ctr Learning & Innovat Healthcare, Jonkoping, Sweden.
    Eiskjaer, Sören Peter
    Aalborg Univ Hosp, Aalborg C, Denmark.
    Lagerbäck, Tobias
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Huddinge, Sweden;Karolinska Inst, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Hägg, Olle
    Spine Ctr Goteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nordvall, Dennis
    Qulturum Ctr Learning & Innovat Healthcare, Jonkoping, Sweden.
    Lönne, Greger
    Innlandet Hosp Trust, Lillehammer, Norway;Trondheim Reg & Univ Hosp, St Olavs Hosp, Trondheim, Norway.
    Solberg, Tore
    Univ Hosp Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway;Arctic Univ Norway, Tromso, Norway.
    Jacobs, Wilco
    van Hooff, Miranda
    Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Netherlands;Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Huddinge, Sweden;Karolinska Inst, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Gehrchen, Martin
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Surgical Treatment of Degenerative Disk Disease in Three Scandinavian Countries: An International Register Study Based on Three Merged National Spine Registers2019In: Global Spine Journal, ISSN 2192-5682, E-ISSN 2192-5690, Vol. 9, no 8, p. 850-858Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Study Design: Observational study of prospectively collected data.

    Objectives: Patients with chronic low back pain resistant to nonoperative treatment often face a poor prognosis for recovery. The aim of the current study was to compare the variation and outcome of surgical treatment of degenerative disc disease in the Scandinavian countries based on The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement core spine data sets.

    Methods: Anonymized individual level data from 3 national registers were pooled into 1 database. At the time of surgery, the patient reports data on demographics, lifestyle topics, comorbidity, and data on health-related quality of life such as Oswestry Disability Index, Euro-Qol-5D, and back and leg pain scores. The surgeon records diagnosis, type of surgery performed, and complications. One-year follow-ups are obtained with questionnaires. Baseline and 1-year follow-up data were analyzed to expose any differences between the countries.

    Results: A total of 1893 patients were included. At 1-year follow-up, 1315 (72%) patients responded. There were statistically significant baseline differences in age, smoking, comorbidity, frequency of previous surgery and intensity of back and leg pain. Isolated fusion was the primary procedure in all the countries ranging from 84% in Denmark to 76% in Sweden. There was clinically relevant improvement in all outcome measures except leg pain.

    Conclusions: In homogenous populations with similar health care systems the treatment traditions can vary considerably. Despite variations in preoperative variables, patient reported outcomes improve significantly and clinically relevant with surgical treatment.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 9.
    Andersson, Jonas
    et al.
    Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Skelleftea Res Unit, Umea, Sweden..
    Fall, Tove
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular epidemiology.
    Delicano, Rachel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Family Med, Umea, Sweden..
    Jansson, Jan-Hakan
    Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Skelleftea Res Unit, Umea, Sweden..
    GDF-15 is associated with sudden cardiac death due to incident myocardial infarction2020In: Resuscitation, ISSN 0300-9572, E-ISSN 1873-1570, Vol. 152, p. 165-169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to acute myocardial infarction (MI) in previously healthy patients is challenging. Proteomic analysis may lead to an understanding of biological mechanisms and provide predictive biomarkers. Methods: In this prospective, nested case -control study from northern Sweden, 87 candidate cardiovascular protein biomarkers were studied in 244 individuals who later died within 24 h from an incident MI and 244 referents without MI and individually matched for age, sex and date of health examination and alive at the date of event in the index person. Association analysis was conducted using conditional logistic regression. Bonferroni correction was applied to avoid false positive findings. Results: Ten proteins were associated with future SCD due to acute MI in the non -adjusted analysis. The strongest association were found for growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41, 2.25) per standard deviation increase in protein, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor with an OR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.34, 2.06). In models adjusted for lipid levels, body mass index, education, smoking, hypertension and C -reactive protein, only association with GDF-15 remained (OR 1.47 (95% 1.11, 1.95)). Conclusion: Elevated levels of GDF-15 are associated with increased risk of SCD within 24 h of incident MI. Further research may enable the use of GDF-15 together with other clinical and biological markers to guide primary preventive interventions for individuals at high risk for SCD.

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  • 10.
    Arefalk, Gabriel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Hambraeus, Kristina
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Lindahl, Bertil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Discontinuation of Smokeless Tobacco and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction2014In: Circulation, ISSN 0009-7322, E-ISSN 1524-4539, Vol. 130, no 4, p. 325-323Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background-Given the indications of increased risk for fatal myocardial infarction (MI) in people who use snus, a moist smokeless tobacco product, we hypothesized that discontinuation of snus use after an MI would reduce mortality risk. Methods and Results-All patients who were admitted to coronary care units for an MI in Sweden between 2005 and 2009 and were <75 years of age underwent a structured examination 2 months after discharge (the baseline of the present study). We investigated the risk of mortality in post-MI snus quitters (n=675) relative to post-MI continuing snus users (n=1799) using Cox proportional hazards analyses. During follow-up (mean 2.1 years), 83 participants died. The mortality rate was 9.7 (95% confidence interval, 5.7-16.3) per 1000 person-years at risk in post-MI snus quitters and 18.7 (14.8-23.6) per 1000 person-years at risk in post-MI continuing snus users. After adjustment for age and sex, post-MI snus quitters had half the mortality risk of post-MI continuing snus users (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.91). In a multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratio was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.02). The corresponding estimate for people who quit smoking after MI versus post-MI continuing smokers was 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.69). Conclusions-In this study, discontinuation of snus use after an MI was associated with a nearly halved mortality risk, similar to the benefit associated with smoking cessation. These observations suggest that the use of snus after MI should be discouraged.

  • 11.
    Arefalk, Gabriel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Hambraeus, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Lindahl, Bertil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Discontinuation of Smokeless Tobacco and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction"2015In: Circulation, ISSN 0009-7322, E-ISSN 1524-4539, Vol. 131, no 17, p. E423-E423Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Arefalk, Gabriel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Hergens, Maria-Pia
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Ye, Weimin
    Nyrén, Olof
    Lambe, Mats
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Smokeless Tobacco (Snus) and Risk of Heart Failure: Results from Two Swedish Cohorts2012In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, ISSN 1741-8267, E-ISSN 1741-8275, Vol. 19, no 5, p. 1120-1127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Oral moist snuff (snus) is discussed as a safer alternative to smoking, and its use is increasing. Based on its documented effect on blood pressure, we hypothesized that use of snus increases the risk of heart failure.

    Design:

    Two independent Swedish prospective cohorts; the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM), a community-based sample of 1076 elderly men, and the Construction Workers Cohort (CWC), a sample of 118,425 never-smoking male construction workers.

    Methods:

    Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate possible associations of snus use with risk of a first hospitalization for heart failure.

    Results:

    In ULSAM, 95 men were hospitalized for heart failure, during a median follow up of 8.9 years. In a model adjusted for established risk factors including past and present smoking exposure, current snus use was associated with a higher risk of heart failure [hazard ratio (HR) 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-4.22] relative to non-use. Snus use was particularly associated with risk of non-ischaemic heart failure (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.12-5.82). In CWC, 545 men were hospitalized for heart failure, during a median follow up of 18 years. In multivariable-adjusted models, current snus use was moderately associated with a higher risk of heart failure (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.64) and non-ischaemic heart failure (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.97-1.68) relative to never tobacco use.

    Conclusion:

    Data from two independent cohorts suggest that use of snus may be associated with a higher risk of heart failure.

  • 13. Aspenberg, Per
    et al.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Rydholm, Anders
    Svensson, Olle
    Artrosskolan: evidensen måste stärkas2018In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 115, article id EY9LArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 14.
    Atesok, Kivanc
    et al.
    University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
    Tanaka, Nobuhiro
    Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
    O'Brien, Andrew
    Royal Victoria Hospital and Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK.
    Robinson, Yohan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Pang, Dachling
    University of California, Davis, USA; Kaiser Permanente Hospitals, Oakland, USA; Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children, London, UK.
    Deinlein, Donald
    University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
    Manoharan, Sakthivel Rajaram
    University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
    Pittman, Jason
    University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
    Theiss, Steven
    University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
    Posttraumatic Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality2018In: Advances in Orthopedics, ISSN 2090-3464, E-ISSN 2090-3472, Vol. 2018, article id 7060654Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    “Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality” (SCIWORA) is a term that denotes objective clinical signs of posttraumatic spinal cord injury without evidence of fracture or malalignment on plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of the spine. SCIWORA is most commonly seen in children with a predilection for the cervical spinal cord due to the increased mobility of the cervical spine, the inherent ligamentous laxity, and the large head-to-body ratio during childhood. However, SCIWORA can also be seen in adults and, in rare cases, the thoracolumbar spinal cord can be affected too. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with SCIWORA because of its superior ability to identify soft tissue lesions such as cord edema, hematomas and transections, and discoligamentous injuries that may not be visualized in plain radiographs and CT. The mainstay of treatment in patients with SCIWORA is nonoperative management including steroid therapy, immobilization, and avoidance of activities that may increase the risk of exacerbation or recurrent injury. Although the role of operative treatment in SCIWORA can be controversial, surgical alternatives such as decompression and fusion should be considered in selected patients with clinical and MRI evidence of persistent spinal cord compression and instability.

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  • 15.
    Atturo, Francesca
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Schart-Moren, Nadine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Larsson, Sune
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Rask-Andersen, Helge
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Otolaryngol Sect, Dept Surg Sci Head & Neck Surg, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Li, Hao
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    The Human Cochlear Aqueduct and Accessory Canals: a Micro-CT Analysis Using a 3D Reconstruction Paradigm2018In: Otology and Neurotology, ISSN 1531-7129, E-ISSN 1537-4505, Vol. 39, no 6, p. e429-e435Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: We sought to study the anatomic variations of the cochlear aqueduct and its accessory canals in human temporal bones using micro-CT and a 3D reconstruction paradigm. More knowledge about the anatomic variations of these structures, particularly at the basal turn of the cochlea and round window niche, may be important to better preserve residual hearing as well as the neural supply during cochlear implant surgery.

    Methods: An archival collection of 30 human temporal bones underwent micro-CT and 3D reconstruction. A surface enhancement paradigm was applied. The application displays reconstructed slices as a 3D object with realistic 3D visualization of scanned objects. Virtual sectioning or cropping of the petrous bone presented subsequent areas. Thereby, the bony canals could be followed from inside the basal turn of cochlea and middle ear to the jugular foramen.

    Results: The cochlear aqueduct was always paralleled by an accessory canal containing the inferior cochlear vein. It ran from the basal turn of the cochlea and exited laterally in the jugular foramen. In 70% of the cases, a secondary accessory canal was observed and it derived mostly from a depression or infundibulum located in the floor of the round window niche. This canal also exited in the jugular foramen. The secondary accessory canal occasionally anastomosed with the primary accessory canal suggesting that it contains a vein that drains middle ear blood to the cranial sinus.

    Conclusion: Micro-CT with 3D surface reconstruction paradigm offers new possibilities to study the topographic anatomy of minor details in the human inner ear. The technique creates simulated transparent castings of the labyrinth with a coinciding surface view through enhancement of contrast between boundaries. Accessory canals that drain blood from the cochlea, spiral ganglion, and middle ear could be characterized three-dimensionally.

  • 16.
    Augat, Peter
    et al.
    Trauma Ctr Murnau, Inst Biomech, Murnau, Germany; Paracelsus Med Univ, Inst Biomech, Salzburg, Austria.
    Larsson, Sune
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Plating of fractures: current treatments and complications2018In: Injury, ISSN 0020-1383, E-ISSN 1879-0267, Vol. 49, p. S1-S1Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Ax, Erika
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Warensjö-Lemming, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Becker, Wulf
    Andersson, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Lindroos, Anna Karin
    Cederholm, Tommy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Sjögren, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Fung, Teresa T.
    Dietary patterns in Swedish adults: results from a national dietary survey2016In: British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, E-ISSN 1475-2662, Vol. 115, no 1, p. 95-104Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dietary patterns derived by statistical procedures is a way to identify overall dietary habits in specific populations. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise dietary patterns in Swedish adults using data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten adults 2010–11 (952 women, 788 men). Principal component analyses were used and two patterns were identified in both sexes: a healthy pattern loading positively on vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, and vegetable oils, and negatively on refined bread and fast food, and a Swedish traditional pattern loading positively on potatoes, meat and processed meat, full-fat milk products, sweet bakery products, sweet condiments and margarine. In addition, a light-meal pattern was identified in women with positive loadings on fibre-rich bread, cheese, rice, pasta and food grain dishes, substitute products for meat and dairy products, candies and tea. The healthy pattern was positively correlated to dietary fibre (r 0·51–0·58) and n-3 (r 0·25–0·31) (all P<0·0001), and had a higher nutrient density of folate, vitamin D and Se. The Swedish traditional and the light-meal pattern were positively correlated to added sugar (r 0·20–0·25) and the Swedish traditional also to SFA (r 0·13–0·21) (all P<0·0001); both patterns were in general negatively correlated to micronutrients. Dietary pattern scores were associated with, for example, age, physical activity, education and income. In conclusion, we identified three major dietary patterns among Swedish adults. The patterns can be further used for examining the association between whole diet and health outcomes.

  • 18.
    Axfors, Cathrine
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Research. Stanford Univ, Meta Res Innovat Ctr Stanford METRICS, Stanford, CA 94025 USA.
    Wikström, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Sundström Poromaa, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Hållmarker, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Mora Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Mora, Sweden.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical epidemiology.
    Wallert, John
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health. Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Ctr Psychiat Res, Dept Clin Neurosci, Huddinge, Sweden.;Stockholm Hlth Care Serv, Stockholm, Sweden.
    White, Richard A. A.
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Sect Sykdomspulsen Real Time Surveillance, Oslo, Norway.
    Skalkidou, Alkistis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Pre-pregnancy participation and performance in world's largest cross-country ski race as a proxy for physical exercise and fitness, and perinatal outcomes: Prospective registry-based cohort study2023In: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 1470-0328, E-ISSN 1471-0528, Vol. 130, no 8, p. 891-901Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Investigate associations between pre-pregnancy participation and performance in a demanding cross-country ski race (proxy for exercise volume and fitness) and perinatal outcomes. Pre-registered protocol: osf.io/aywg2.

    Design: Prospective cohort study.

    Setting: Based on entire overlap between the Vasaloppet registry and the population-based Swedish Pregnancy Register.

    Sample: All female Vasaloppet participants 1991-2017 with subsequent singleton delivery (skiers), and age- and county-matched non-skiers.

    Methods: We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for non-skiers versus skiers (model 1) and, among skiers, by performance (model 2), in Bayesian logistic regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. We repeated calculations adjusting for early pregnancy body mass index (potential mediator) and explored robustness (selection/exposure settings; multiple comparisons correction).

    Main outcome measures: Twenty-nine important perinatal outcomes, predefined based on existing expert consensus.

    Results: Non-skiers (n = 194 384) versus skiers (n = 15 377) (and slower versus faster performance, not shown) consistently had higher odds of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR 1.70, 95% highest density interval: 1.40-2.09), excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) (1.28, 1.22-1.38), psychiatric morbidity (1.60, 1.49-1.72), any caesarean section (CS) (1.34, 1.28-1.40), elective CS (1.39, 1.29-1.49), and large-for-gestational-age babies (> 90th percentile, 1.11, 1.04-1.18); lower odds of inadequate GWG (0.83, 0.79-0.88); and no associations with fetal/neonatal complications (e.g. preterm birth [1.09, 0.98-1.20], small for gestational age [SGA] [1.23, 1.05-1.45]). Adjustment for body mass index attenuated associations with excessive (1.20, 1.14-1.30) and inadequate GWG (0.87, 0.83-0.92) and large for gestational age (1.07, 1.00-1.13).

    Conclusion: Non-skiers compared with skiers, and slower versus faster performance, consistently displayed higher odds of GDM, excessive GWG, psychiatric morbidity, CS and large-for-gestational-age babies; and lower odds of inadequate GWG, after adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and comorbidities. There were no associations with fetal/neonatal complications.

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  • 19. Bajammal, Sohail S.
    et al.
    Zlowodzki, Michael
    Lelwica, Amy
    Tornetta, Paul
    Einhorn, Thomas A.
    Buckley, Richard
    Leighton, Ross
    Russell, Thomas A.
    Larsson, Sune
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Bhandari, Mohit
    The use of calcium phosphate bone cement in fracture treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized trials2008In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume, ISSN 0021-9355, E-ISSN 1535-1386, Vol. 90, no 6, p. 1186-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Available options to fill fracture voids include autogenous bone, allograft bone, and synthetic bone materials. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether the use of calcium phosphate bone cement improves clinical and radiographic outcomes and reduces fracture complications as compared with conventional treatment (with or without autogenous bone graft) for the treatment of fractures of the appendicular skeleton in adult patients. METHODS: Multiple databases, online registers of randomized controlled trials, and the proceedings of the meetings of major national orthopaedic associations were searched. Published and unpublished randomized controlled trials were included, and data on methodological quality, population, intervention, and outcomes were abstracted in duplicate. Data were pooled across studies, and relative risks for categorical outcomes and weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes, weighted according to study sample size, were calculated. Heterogeneity across studies was determined, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS: We identified eleven published and three unpublished randomized controlled trials. Of the fourteen studies, six involved distal radial fractures, two involved femoral neck fractures, two involved intertrochanteric femoral fractures, two involved tibial plateau fractures, one involved calcaneal fractures, and one involved multiple types of metaphyseal fractures. All of the studies evaluated the use of calcium phosphate cement for the treatment of metaphyseal fractures occurring primarily through trabecular, cancellous bone. Autogenous bone graft was used in the control group in three studies, and no graft material was used in the remaining studies. Patients managed with calcium phosphate had a significantly lower prevalence of loss of fracture reduction in comparison with patients managed with autograft (relative risk reduction, 68%; 95% confidence interval, 29% to 86%) and had less pain at the fracture site in comparison with controls managed with no graft (relative risk reduction, 56%; 95% confidence interval, 14% to 77%). We were unable to compare pain at the bone-graft donor site between the studies because of methodological reasons. Three studies independently demonstrated improved functional outcomes when the use of calcium phosphate was compared with the use of no grafting material. CONCLUSIONS: The use of calcium phosphate bone cement for the treatment of fractures in adult patients is associated with a lower prevalence of pain at the fracture site in comparison with the rate in controls (patients managed with no graft material). Loss of fracture reduction is also decreased in comparison with that in patients managed with autogenous bone graft.

  • 20.
    Batra, Gorav
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Friberg, Leif
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Erlinge, David
    Kardiologi, Lunds universitet, Sweden.
    James, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Jernberg, Tomas
    Institutionen för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Svennblad, Bodil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Oldgren, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Antithrombotic Medication And Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Not Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention2015In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ISSN 0735-1097, E-ISSN 1558-3597, Vol. 65, no 10, p. A207-A207Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Batra, Gorav
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Friberg, Leif
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Erlinge, David
    Kardiologi, Lunds universitet, Sweden.
    James, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Jernberg, Tomas
    Institutionen för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Svennblad, Bodil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Oldgren, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Outcome In Relation To Antithrombotic Therapy After Myocardial Infarction And Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation2015In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ISSN 0735-1097, E-ISSN 1558-3597, Vol. 65, no 10, p. A16-A16Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Batra, Gorav
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Friberg, Leif
    Erlinge, David
    James, Stefan K
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Jernberg, Tomas
    Svennblad, Bodil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Oldgren, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Antithrombotic therapy after myocardial infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention2018In: European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, ISSN 2055-6837, E-ISSN 2055-6845, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 36-45Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: Optimal antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and atrial fibrillation is uncertain. In this study, we compared antithrombotic regimes with regard to a composite cardiovascular outcome of all-cause mortality, MI or ischaemic stroke, and major bleeds.

    Methods and results: Patients between October 2005 and December 2012 were identified in Swedish registries, n = 7116. Landmark 0-90 and 91-365 days of outcome were evaluated with Cox-regressions, with dual antiplatelet therapy as reference. At discharge, 16.2% received triple therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin), 1.9% aspirin plus warfarin, 7.3% clopidogrel plus warfarin, and 60.8% dual antiplatelets. For cardiovascular outcome, adjusted hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval (HR) for triple therapy was 0.86 (0.70-1.07) for 0-90 days and 0.78 (0.58-1.05) for 91-365 days. A HR of 2.16 (1.48-3.13) and 1.61 (0.98-2.66) during 0-90 and 91-365 days, respectively, was observed for major bleeds. For aspirin plus warfarin, HR 0.82 (0.54-1.26) and 0.62 (0.48-0.79) was observed for cardiovascular outcome and 1.30 (0.60-2.85) and 1.01 (0.63-1.62) for major bleeds during 0-90 and 91-365 days, respectively. For clopidogrel plus warfarin, HR of 0.90 (0.68-1.19) and 0.68 (0.49-0.95) was observed for cardiovascular outcome and 1.28 (0.71-2.32) and 1.08 (0.57-2.04) for major bleeds during 0-90 and 91-365 days, respectively.

    Conclusion: Compared to dual antiplatelets, aspirin or clopidogrel plus warfarin therapy was associated with similar 0-90 days and lower 91-365 days of risk of the cardiovascular outcome, without higher risk of major bleeds. Triple therapy was associated with non-significant lower risk of cardiovascular outcome and higher risk of major bleeds.

  • 23.
    Batra, Gorav
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Svennblad, Bodil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Held, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Psychology in Healthcare.
    Jernberg, Tomas
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Johanson, Per
    Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Gothenburg, Sweden.;AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Oldgren, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    All types of atrial fibrillation in the setting of myocardial infarction are associated with impaired outcome2016In: Heart, ISSN 1355-6037, E-ISSN 1468-201X, Vol. 102, no 12, p. 926-933Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To evaluate 90-day cardiovascular outcome in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) in relation to different subtypes of atrial fibrillation (AF) and MI. Methods We studied 155 071 hospital survivors of MI between 2000 and 2009 in Swedish registries. AF subtypes were defined according to history of AF and in-hospital ECG recordings. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with multivariable Cox models. Results AF was documented in 24 023 (15.5%) cases. The AF subtypes were new-onset AF with sinus rhythm at discharge (3.7%), new-onset AF with AF at discharge (3.9%), paroxysmal AF (4.9%) and chronic AF (3.0%). The event rate per 100 person-years for the composite cardiovascular outcome (all-cause mortality, MI or ischaemic stroke) was 90.9 in patients with any type of AF versus 45.2 in patients with sinus rhythm, adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CI (HR) 1.28 (1.19 to 1.37). There were no significant differences in the composite cardiovascular outcome between AF subtypes. AF was associated with higher risk of mortality, HR 1.59 (1.41 to 1.80), reinfarction, HR 1.14 (1.05 to 1.24), and ischaemic stroke, HR 2.29 (1.92 to 2.74), respectively. In subgroup analysis, AF was associated with a higher risk of composite cardiovascular outcome in the non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and STelevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cohort, HR 1.24 (1.13 to 1.36) and HR 1.34 (1.21 to 1.48), respectively, with p value for interaction= 0.23. Conclusions AF is common in the setting of MI and is associated with a higher risk of composite cardiovascular outcome and the individual components; mortality, reinfarction and ischaemic stroke, respectively. No major difference in outcome was observed between AF subtypes. No difference in outcome for AF was observed between the NSTEMI and STEMI cohort.

  • 24. Becker, Wulf
    et al.
    Lindroos, Anna Karin
    Nälsén, Cecilia
    Warensjö, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. National Food Agency.
    Öhrvik, Veronica
    Dietary habits, nutrient intake and biomarkers for folate, vitamin D, iodine and iron status among women of childbearing age in Sweden2016In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 121, no 4, p. 271-275Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Dietary intake and nutritional status are important for pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary advice on folate, targeted to women of childbearing age, aims at preventing neural tube defects in the offspring.

    AIM: To describe food and nutrient intake and nutritional status among women of childbearing age in Sweden in relation to current nutrition recommendations.

    METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed using a web-based four-day consecutive food record among adults aged 18-80 years-'Riksmaten 2010-11 adults'. In a subsample, biomarkers of folate, vitamin D, iodine, and iron status were assessed.

    RESULTS: Women of childbearing age had lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, fish, and whole grains, but higher intakes of soft drinks. Macronutrient composition was generally in line with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, except for a lower intake of fibre, a higher intake of saturated fatty acids, and added sugars. Mean intakes of vitamin D, folate, and iron were below recommended intakes (RI). Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 74 μg/L, 20% had insufficient vitamin D status, and 3% low folate concentrations with no age differences. Furthermore, 29% of women 18-44 years of age had depleted iron stores.

    CONCLUSIONS: The dietary pattern among women of childbearing age (18-44 years) was less favourable compared to older women. Intakes of some micronutrients were below RI, but no differences in vitamin D, folate, or iodine status between age groups were observed. However, improvements of folate and iodine status among women of childbearing age are warranted. This can be achieved by following dietary guidelines including use of folic acid-containing supplements.

  • 25.
    Bejhed, Rebecca S.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Cent Hosp Vasteras, Vasteras, Sweden..
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Identification of Risk Factors for Bisphosphonate-Associated Atypical Femoral Fractures and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in a Pharmacovigilance Database2016In: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, ISSN 1060-0280, E-ISSN 1542-6270, Vol. 50, no 8, p. 616-624Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Atypical femoral fractures (AFs) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) are well-known adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with bisphosphonates. To prevent these ADRs and to aid in the search for pathogenic mechanisms, knowledge of risk factors can be helpful. Objective: To identify risk factors for bisphosphonate-related ONJ and AF. Methods: In this case-control study of reports of bisphosphonate-related ADRs from February 16, 1984, to October 16, 2013, in the Swedish national database of ADRs, we compared characteristics for cases of ONJ (n = 167) and AF (n = 55) with all other bisphosphonate-related ADRs (n = 565) with regard to demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and concomitant drug treatments. We adjusted for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Results: Time to onset of ADRs differed statistically significantly between cases of AF and controls (2156 vs 111 days). For ONJ versus controls, differences were statistically significant for time to onset (1240 vs 111 days), intravenous administration (40% vs 20%), dental procedures (49% vs 0.2%) and prostheses (5% vs 0%), cancer disease (44% vs 12%), multiple myeloma (21% vs 1%), rheumatoid arthritis (14% vs 5%), and treatment with antineoplastic agents and oxycodone. Conclusion: These results lend further evidence to previously identified risk factors for ONJthat is, intravenous bisphosphonate administration; invasive dental procedures and dental prostheses; cancer disease, in particular multiple myeloma; and possibly, long-term bisphosphonate treatment. A putative further risk factor is rheumatoid arthritis. Only long-term bisphosphonate treatment was more common among AF cases. The lack of overlap of risk factors between ONJ and AF suggests different pathogenic mechanisms.

  • 26. Bellavia, A
    et al.
    Larsson, Susanna C
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Wolk, Alicja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Fish consumption and all-cause mortality in a cohort of Swedish men and women.2017In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 281, no 1, p. 86-95Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies of fish consumption and all-cause mortality have provided inconsistent results.

    OBJECTIVE: We examined the dose-response association between fish consumption and mortality from all causes in a large population-based cohort of Swedish men and women.

    METHODS: The study included 72 522 participants (33 973 women and 38 549 men), aged 45-83 years, from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. Information on fish consumption was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire in 1997. Participants were followed for 17 years (1 January 1998 to 31 December 2014), and data on death and causes of death were ascertained through linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death. Fish consumption was evaluated as a continuous predictor, flexibly modelled with restricted cubic splines to assess potential nonlinear associations.

    RESULTS: During follow-up, 16 730 deaths (7168 women and 9562 men) were recorded. The dose-response association between fish consumption and all-cause mortality was U-shaped. Compared with the median fish consumption (women: 25.0; men: 30.5 g day-1 ), lower levels of consumption were progressively associated with higher mortality risk up to 25% for women [HR 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 1.40] and 19% for men (HR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.32) with no reported consumption. Increasingly higher levels of fish consumption were associated with higher mortality risk only amongst women, with a 39% higher mortality risk amongst women reporting the highest level of fish consumption (80 g day-1 ; HR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.68).

    CONCLUSION: These results indicate a U-shaped association between fish consumption and all-cause mortality, particularly amongst women.

  • 27. Bellavia, Andrea
    et al.
    Bottai, Matteo
    Wolk, Alicja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Orsini, Nicola
    Physical activity and mortality in a prospective cohort of middle-aged and elderly men -: a time perspective.2013In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, E-ISSN 1479-5868, Vol. 10, article id 94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Higher physical activity (PA) levels are known to be associated with lower risk of death. Less attention, however, has been paid to directly evaluate the effect of PA on the time by which a certain fraction of the population has died.

    METHODS: A population-based cohort of 29,362 men 45 to 79 years of age was followed from January 1998 to December 2010. A total of 4,570 men died. PA was assessed through a self-administrated questionnaire. Adjusted differences in the number of months by which 10% (10th percentile) of the cohort has died, according to levels of total PA (TPA) and different domains of PA were estimated using Laplace regression.

    RESULTS: Overall, the 10th survival percentile was 9.6 years, that is, 90% of the cohort lived longer than 9.6 years. We found a strong evidence of non-linearity between TPA and the 10th survival percentile (P-value < 0.001). Compared to men with the lowest TPA (29 metabolic equivalents (MET)-hrs/day), men with a median TPA (41 MET-hrs/day) had 30 months longer survival (95% CI: 25-35). Below the median TPA, every increment of 4 MET-hrs/day, approximately a 30 minutes brisk pace daily walk, was associated with a longer survival of 11 months (95% CI: 8-15). Above the median TPA additional activity was not significantly associated with better survival.

    CONCLUSIONS: We found that a physically active lifestyle is associated with a substantial improvement in survival time, up to 2.5 years over 13 years of follow-up.

  • 28. Bellavia, Andrea
    et al.
    Larsson, Susanna C
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Bottai, Matteo
    Wolk, Alicja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Orsini, Nicola
    Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality: a dose-response analysis.2013In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 98, no 2, p. 454-459Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The association between fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and overall mortality has seldom been investigated in large cohort studies. Findings from the few available studies are inconsistent.

    OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the dose-response relation between FV consumption and mortality, in terms of both time and rate, in a large prospective cohort of Swedish men and women.

    DESIGN: FV consumption was assessed through a self-administrated questionnaire in a population-based cohort of 71,706 participants (38,221 men and 33,485 women) aged 45-83 y. We performed a dose-response analysis to evaluate 10th survival percentile differences (PDs) by using Laplace regression and estimated HRs by using Cox regression.

    RESULTS: During 13 y of follow-up, 11,439 deaths (6803 men and 4636 women) occurred in the cohort. In comparison with 5 servings FV/d, a lower consumption was progressively associated with shorter survival and higher mortality rates. Those who never consumed FV lived 3 y shorter (PD: -37 mo; 95% CI: -58, -16 mo) and had a 53% higher mortality rate (HR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.99) than did those who consumed 5 servings FV/d. Consideration of fruit and vegetables separately showed that those who never consumed fruit lived 19 mo shorter (PD: -19 mo; 95% CI: -29, -10 mo) than did those who ate 1 fruit/d. Participants who consumed 3 vegetables/d lived 32 mo longer than did those who never consumed vegetables (PD: 32 mo; 96% CI: 13, 51 mo).

    CONCLUSION: FV consumption <5 servings/d is associated with progressively shorter survival and higher mortality rates. The Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127698 and NCT01127711, respectively.

  • 29. Bellavia, Andrea
    et al.
    Tektonidis, Thanasis G
    Orsini, Nicola
    Wolk, Alicja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Larsson, Susanna C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Quantifying the benefits of Mediterranean diet in terms of survival.2016In: European Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0393-2990, E-ISSN 1573-7284, Vol. 31, no 5, p. 527-30Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet (MD) have been consistently documented. However, to fully understand the public health implications of MD adherence, an informative step is to quantify these effects in terms of survival time differences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MD on survival, presenting results in terms of differences in median age at death. We used data from 71,333 participants from a large population-based cohort of Swedish men and women, followed-up between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2012. A total score of MD, ranging from 0 to 8, was calculated by including information on vegetables and fruits consumption, legumes and nuts, non-refined/high fiber grains, fermented dairy products, fish, red meat, use of olive oil/rapeseed oil, and moderate alcohol intake. Multivariable-adjusted differences in median age at death were estimated with Laplace regression and presented as a function of the MD score. During 15 years of follow-up we documented 14,697 deaths. We observed a linear dose-response association between the MD score and median age at death, with higher score associated with longer survival. The difference in median age at death between participants with the extreme scores (0 vs 8) of MD was up to 2 years (23 months, 95 % CI: 16-29). In this study we documented that adherence to MD may accrue benefits up to 2 years of longer survival.

  • 30.
    Benedict, Christian
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Byberg, Liisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Cedernaes, Jonathan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Hogenkamp, Pleunie S
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Giedratis, Vilmantas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Kilander, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Lind, Lars
    Lannfelt, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Schiöth, Helgi B
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Self-reported sleep disturbance is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk in men2015In: Alzheimer's & Dementia: Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, ISSN 1552-5260, E-ISSN 1552-5279, Vol. 11, no 9, p. 1090-1097Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To study the association between self-reported sleep disturbances and dementia risk.

    METHODS: Self-reported sleep disturbances and established risk factors for dementia were measured in men at ages 50 (n = 1574) and 70 (n = 1029) years. Dementia incidence was determined by reviewing their patient history between ages 50 and 90 years. In addition, plasma levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides 1-40 and 1-42 were measured at ages 70, 77, and 82 years.

    RESULTS: Cox regression demonstrated that men with self-reported sleep disturbances had a higher risk of developing dementia (+33%) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, +51%) than men without self-reported sleep disturbances (both P < .05). Binary logistic regression showed the increased risk for both dementia (+114%) and AD (+192%) were highest when sleep disturbance was reported at age 70 years (both P < .001). No group differences were found in Aβ levels.

    CONCLUSION: Improving sleep quality may help reduce the neurodegenerative risk in older men.

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  • 31. Benetou, V
    et al.
    Orfanos, P
    Feskanich, D
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Pettersson-Kymmer, U
    Ahmed, L A
    Peasey, A
    Wolk, A
    Brenner, H
    Bobak, M
    Wilsgaard, T
    Schöttker, B
    Saum, K-U
    Bellavia, A
    Grodstein, F
    Klinaki, E
    Valanou, E
    Papatesta, E-M
    Boffetta, P
    Trichopoulou, A
    Education, marital status, and risk of hip fractures in older men and women: the CHANCES project2015In: Osteoporosis International, ISSN 0937-941X, E-ISSN 1433-2965, Vol. 26, no 6, p. 1733-1746Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of socioeconomic status in hip fracture incidence is unclear. In a diverse population of elderly, higher education was found to be associated with lower, whereas living alone, compared to being married/cohabiting, with higher hip fracture risk. Educational level and marital status may contribute to hip fracture risk.

    INTRODUCTION: The evidence on the association between socioeconomic status and hip fracture incidence is limited and inconsistent. We investigated the potential association of education and marital status with hip fracture incidence in older individuals from Europe and USA.

    METHODS: A total of 155,940 participants (79 % women) aged 60 years and older from seven cohorts were followed up accumulating 6456 incident hip fractures. Information on education and marital status was harmonized across cohorts. Hip fractures were ascertained through telephone interviews/questionnaires or through record linkage with registries. Associations were assessed through Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for several factors. Summary estimates were derived using random effects models.

    RESULTS: Individuals with higher education, compared to those with low education, had lower hip fracture risk [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.95]. Respective HRs were 0.97 (95 % CI 0.82-1.13) for men and 0.75 (95 % CI 0.65-0.85) for women. Overall, individuals living alone, especially those aged 60-69 years, compared to those being married/cohabiting, tended to have a higher hip fracture risk (HR = 1.12, 95 % CI 1.02-1.22). There was no suggestion for heterogeneity across cohorts (P heterogeneity > 0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: The combined data from >150,000 individuals 60 years and older suggest that higher education may contribute to lower hip fracture risk. Furthermore, this risk may be higher among individuals living alone, especially among the age group 60-69 years, when compared to those being married/cohabiting.

  • 32.
    Benetou, V.
    et al.
    Univ Athens, WHO Collaborating Ctr Nutr & Hlth, Unit Nutr Epidemiol & Nutr Publ Hlth, Dept Hyg Epidemiol & Med Stat,Sch Med, 75 Mikras Asias St, Athens 11527, Greece.
    Orfanos, P.
    Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece;Univ Athens, WHO Collaborating Ctr Nutr & Hlth, Unit Nutr Epidemiol & Nutr Publ Hlth, Dept Hyg Epidemiol & Med Stat,Sch Med, 75 Mikras Asias St, Athens 11527, Greece.
    Feskanich, D.
    Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA;Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Div Network Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Pettersson-Kymmer, U.
    Umea Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Neurosci, Umea, Sweden;Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden.
    Byberg, Liisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Eriksson, S.
    Umea Univ, Dept Community Med, Umea, Sweden.
    Grodstein, F.
    Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA;Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Div Network Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Wolk, Alicja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jankovic, N.
    Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands;Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, Ctr Clin Epidemiol, Fac Med, Essen, Germany.
    de Groot, L. C. P. G. M.
    Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands.
    Boffetta, P.
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Inst Translat Epidemiol, New York, NY 10029 USA;Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Tisch Canc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA.
    Trichopoulou, A.
    Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece.
    Mediterranean diet and hip fracture incidence among older adults: the CHANCES project2018In: Osteoporosis International, ISSN 0937-941X, E-ISSN 1433-2965, Vol. 29, no 7, p. 1591-1599Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The association between adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and hip fracture incidence is not yet established. In a diverse population of elderly, increased adherence to MD was associated with lower hip fracture incidence. Except preventing major chronic diseases, adhering to MD might have additional benefits in lowering hip fracture risk. Hip fractures constitute a major public health problem among older adults. Latest evidence links adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) with reduced hip fracture risk, but still more research is needed to elucidate this relationship. The potential association of adherence to MD with hip fracture incidence was explored among older adults. A total of 140,775 adults (116,176 women, 24,599 men) 60 years and older, from five cohorts from Europe and the USA, were followed-up for 1,896,219 person-years experiencing 5454 hip fractures. Diet was assessed at baseline by validated, cohort-specific, food-frequency questionnaires, and hip fractures were ascertained through patient registers or telephone interviews/questionnaires. Adherence to MD was evaluated by a scoring system on a 10-point scale modified to be applied also to non-Mediterranean populations. In order to evaluate the association between MD and hip fracture incidence, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR), adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards regression and pooled estimates were subsequently derived implementing random-effects meta-analysis. A two-point increase in the score was associated with a significant 4% decrease in hip fracture risk (pooled adjusted HR 0.96; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92-0.99, p(heterogeneity) = 0.446). In categorical analyses, hip fracture risk was lower among men and women with moderate (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-0.99) and high (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.87-1.01) adherence to the score compared with those with low adherence. In this large sample of older adults from Europe and the USA, increased adherence to MD was associated with lower hip fracture incidence.

  • 33.
    Benetou, Vassiliki
    et al.
    Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg Epidemiol & Med Stat, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Athens 11527, Greece.; Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece.
    Orfanos, Philippos
    Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg Epidemiol & Med Stat, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Athens 11527, Greece.; Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece.
    Feskanich, Diane
    Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Div Network Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika
    Umea Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Neurosci, Umea, Sweden.; Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Sture
    Umea Univ, Dept Community Med, Umea, Sweden.
    Grodstein, Francine
    Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Div Network Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA.
    Wolk, Alicja
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bellavia, Andrea
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ahmed, Luai A
    UiT, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth & Care Sci, Tromso, Norway.; United Arab Emirates Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Inst Publ Hlth, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.
    Boffeta, Paolo
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Inst Translat Epidemiol, New York, NY 10029 USA.; Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Tisch Canc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg Epidemiol & Med Stat, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Athens 11527, Greece.; Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece .
    Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Hip Fracture Incidence in Older Men and Women: The CHANCES Project2016In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, ISSN 0884-0431, E-ISSN 1523-4681, Vol. 31, no 9, p. 1743-1752Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of fruit and vegetable intake in relation to fracture prevention during adulthood and beyond is not adequately understood. We investigated the potential association between fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture incidence in a large sample of older adults from Europe and the United States. A total of 142,018 individuals (116,509 women) aged ≥60 years, from five cohorts, were followed up prospectively for 1,911,482 person-years, accumulating 5552 hip fractures. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed by validated, cohort-specific, food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Ηip fractures were ascertained through national patient registers or telephone interviews/questionnaires. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) derived by Cox proportional hazards regression were estimated for each cohort and subsequently pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Intake of ≤1 serving/day of fruit and vegetables combined was associated with 39% higher hip fracture risk (pooled adjusted HR, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 1.58) in comparison with moderate intake (>3 and ≤5 servings/day) (pfor heterogeneity  = 0.505), whereas higher intakes (>5 servings/day) were not associated with lower risk in comparison with the same reference. Associations were more evident among women. We concluded that a daily intake of 1 or <1 servings of fruits and vegetables was associated with increased hip fracture risk in relation to moderate daily intakes. Older adults with such low fruit and vegetable consumption may benefit from raising their intakes to moderate amounts in order to reduce their hip fracture risk.

  • 34.
    Berg, Svante
    et al.
    Stockholm Spine Center, Löwenströmska Hospital, Upplands Väsby, Sweden.
    Tullberg, Tycho
    Stockholm Spine Center, Löwenströmska Hospital, Upplands Väsby, Sweden.
    Branth, Björn
    Stockholm Spine Center, Löwenströmska Hospital, Upplands Väsby, Sweden.
    Olerud, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Tropp, Hans
    University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
    Total disc replacement compared to lumbar fusion: a randomised controlled trial with 2-year follow-up2009In: European spine journal, ISSN 0940-6719, E-ISSN 1432-0932, Vol. 18, no 10, p. 1512-19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study design includes a prospective, randomised controlled study comparing total disc replacement (TDR) with posterior fusion. The main objective of this study is to compare TDR with lumbar spinal fusion, in terms of clinical outcome, in patients referred to a spine clinic for surgical evaluation. Fusion is effective for treating chronic low back pain (LBP), but has drawbacks, such as stiffness and possibly adjacent level degradation. Motion-preserving options have emerged, of which TDR is frequently used because of these drawbacks. How the results of TDR compare to fusion, however, is uncertain. One hundred and fifty-two patients with a mean age of 40 years (21-55) were included: 90 were women, and 80 underwent TDR. The patients had not responded to a conservative treatment programme and suffered from predominantly LBP, with varying degrees of leg pain. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, radiographs, MRI, and in unclear cases, diagnostic injections. Outcome measures were global assessment (GA), VAS for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, SF36 and EQ5D at 1 and 2 years. Follow-up rate was 100%, at both 1 and 2 years. All outcome variables improved in both groups between preoperative and follow-up assessment. The primary outcome measure, GA, revealed that 30% in the TDR group and 15% in the fusion group were totally pain-free at 2 years (P = 0.031). TDR patients had reached maximum recovery in virtually all variables at 1 year, with significant differences compared to the fusion group. The fusion patients continued to improve and at 2 years had results similar to TDR patients apart from numbers of pain-free. Complications and reoperations were similar in both groups, but pedicle screw removal as additive surgery, was frequent in the fusion group. One year after surgery, TDR was superior to spinal fusion in clinical outcome, but this difference had diminished by 2 years, apart from (VAS for back pain and) numbers of pain-free. The long-term benefits have yet to be examined.

  • 35.
    Berg, Thomas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Jonsson, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Engström, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Agreement between the Sunnybrook, House-Brackmann, and Yanagihara facial nerve grading systems in Bell´s Palsy2004In: Otology and Neurotology, ISSN 1531-7129, E-ISSN 1537-4505, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 1020-1026Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE:

    To assess the agreement between the Sunnybrook facial nerve grading system and the House-Brackmann and Yanagihara systems.

    STUDY DESIGN:

    Prospective clinical facial nerve grading.

    SETTING:

    Tertiary referral center.

    PATIENTS:

    One-hundred assessments, 94 in patients with Bell's palsy and 6 with herpes zoster.

    INTERVENTION:

    Diagnostic.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

    Evaluation according to the weighted regional Sunnybrook system, the gross House-Brackmann system, and the unweighted regional Yanagihara system. Weighted kappa statistics was used to measure agreement between the grading systems.

    RESULTS:

    The average weighted kappa value between the Sunny-brook, House-Brackmann, and Yanagihara grading systems was 0.65; kappa values increased temporally (but not statistically significantly) up to day 180. The highest agreement value, 0.72, was found between the Sunnybrook and Yanagihara grading systems. The weighted kappa value between the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann systems was 0.59. In Sunnybrook gradings less than 63, there was an overlap between House-Brackmann scores of III to VI. Reliable conversion tables between the gross House-Brackmann system and the regional Sunnybrook and Yanagihara systems could not be established.

    CONCLUSION:

    The Sunnybrook system scores at the same agreement level as the House-Brackmann and Yanagihara grading systems. There is an evaluative difference between the weighted regional Sunnybrook and the gross House-Brackmann systems. Substantial agreement was found between the regional Sunnybrook and Yanagihara scales. Sunnybrook grading is easy and quick. By adding objective measurements and additional secondary defects, the Sunnybrook system can be an alternative to the other predominating grading systems.

  • 36. Bergkvist, Charlotte
    et al.
    Åkesson, Agneta
    Glynn, Anders
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Rantakokko, Panu
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Kiviranta, Hannu
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Wolk, Alicja
    Berglund, Marika
    Validation of questionnaire-based long-term dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls using biomarkers2012In: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, ISSN 1613-4125, E-ISSN 1613-4133, Vol. 56, no 11, p. 1748-1754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scope The health consequences of lifelong low-level exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) via food are largely unknown, mainly due to the lack of large population-based prospective studies addressing this issue. We validated long-term food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)-based dietary PCB exposure against concentrations of six PCB congeners in serum. Methods and results Dietary PCB exposure was estimated in the Swedish Mammography Cohort by constructing a recipe-based database of CB-153, an indicator for total PCBs in food. The Spearman rank correlation (adjusted for within-person variability) was assessed between concurrent (20042006), past (1997), and long-term (mean of 1997 and 20042006) FFQ-based dietary PCB exposure, respectively, and the following serum PCB congeners, CB-118, CB-138, CB-153, CB-156, CB-170, and CB-180, in women (5685 years of age, n = 201). The correlation between FFQ-based dietary PCB exposure and serum CB-153 was 0.41 (p < 0.001) for the concurrent (median 1.6 ng/kg body weight) and 0.34 (p < 0.05) for the past (median 2.6 ng/kg body weight) exposure assessment. Long-term validity of FFQ-based PCB estimates and the six serum PCB congeners ranged from 0.30 to 0.58 (p < 0.05). Conclusion FFQ-based PCB exposure estimates show acceptable validity in relation to PCB concentrations in serum, justifying their use in large-scale epidemiological studies.

  • 37.
    Bergström, Monica Frick
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Byberg, Liisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Gedeborg, Rolf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Extent and consequences of misclassified injury diagnoses in a national hospital discharge registry2011In: Injury Prevention, ISSN 1353-8047, E-ISSN 1475-5785, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 108-113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Classification of injuries and estimation of injury severity on the basis of ICD-10 injury coding are powerful epidemiological tools. Little is known about the characteristics and consequences of primary coding errors and their consequences for such applications. Materials and methods From the Swedish national hospital discharge register, 15 899 incident injury cases primarily admitted to the two hospitals in Uppsala County between 2000 and 2004 were identified. Of these, 967 randomly selected patient records were reviewed. Errors in injury diagnosis were corrected, and the consequences of these changes were analysed. Results Out of 1370 injury codes, 10% were corrected, but 95% of the injury codes were correct to the third position. In 21% (95% CI 19% to 24%) of 967 hospital admissions, at least one ICD-10 code for injury was changed or added, but only 13% (127) had some change made to their injury mortality diagnosis matrix classification. Among the cases with coding errors, the mean ICD-based injury severity score changed slightly (difference 0.016; 95% CI 0.007 to 0.032). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.892 for predicting hospital mortality and remained essentially unchanged after the correction of codes (95% CI for difference -0.022 to 0.013). Conclusion Errors in ICD-10-coded injuries in hospital discharge data were common, but the consequences for injury categorisation were moderate and the consequences for injury severity estimates were in most cases minor. The error rate for detailed levels of cause-of-injury codes was high and may be detrimental for identifying specific targets for prevention.

  • 38.
    Bernhoff, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Orthopaedic Patients with Lower Limb Vascular Injuries2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Vascular injuries in lower limbs are rare but serious events. If not detected and managed correctly and timely they can lead to permanent functional impairment and even limb loss. The increasing number of orthopaedic interventions, worldwide, makes awareness of this problem among orthopaedic surgeons important.

    The overall aim of this thesis was to describe lower limb orthopaedic injuries with associated concomitant arterial injuries, especially to the popliteal artery. Epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, management, outcomes and the patient perspective were all addressed. The research questions were generated from clinical praxis. 

    Vascular injuries are rare events, but by using as the National Patient (NPR) and National Vascular registries (Swedvasc) a relatively speaking large cohort was studied. Deep interviews with qualitative study method were used to investigate the patients’ perspective.

    In papers I and II iatrogenic popliteal artery injuries (PAI) in knee-replacements, and in non-knee-replacements, were investigated. The number of knee arthroplasties in Sweden increased 1987-2008, but not the frequency of iatrogenic PAI. The most common mechanism of injury was sharp, directly to the artery. One third of the injuries resulted in pseudo-aneurysms. This was an unexpected and important finding, since these patients were often diagnosed late, resulting in poor outcome.

    Paper III. The interviewed patients narrated substantial functional, cosmetic and psychological impairments,4-17 years after their accidents, yet they described their lives as “normal”. Patients with saved limbs reported a need for better interpersonal support in their rehabilitation and adaptation back to “normal” life.

    Paper IV. Popliteal artery injury is feared in knee dislocations and fractures. The proportion incidence of vascular injury was previously reported to be 2-60%. In this large population-based study, the incidence proportion in knee dislocations was 3.4-8.2%, depending on the definition of dislocation/ligamentous injury. In knee fractures the incidence proportion was lower, only 0.2%. The dominating cause of arterial injury in knee dislocations was fall, in knee fractures it was motor vehicle accidents. Amputation- free survival after arterial injury was inferior in knee fractures compared with knee dislocations.

    In conclusion, PAI is a serious injury but on sequences can be limited by awareness and timely action.

    List of papers
    1. Popliteal artery injury in knee arthroplasty: a population based, nationwide study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Popliteal artery injury in knee arthroplasty: a population based, nationwide study
    2013 (English)In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, ISSN 0301-620X, E-ISSN 2044-5377, Vol. 95, no 12, p. 1645-1649Article in journal (Other academic) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Popliteal artery injury (PAI) is a feared but rare complication during knee arthroplasty (KA). The aim was to study PAI during KA: Type of injury, treatment and outcome.

    Thirty-two cases were identified in the national Swedish vascular registry (Swedvasc) and the Swedish Patient Insurance databases. Prospective data from the registries was supplemented with case-records, including long-term follow-up.

    Twenty-five injuries (78%) were due to penetrating, seven to blunt trauma. Three different presentations of injury were identified: Bleeding (n=14), ischaemia (n=7) and false aneurysm formation (n=11). Five (16%) cases were during revision KA. Twelve injuries (38%) were detected intraoperatively, eight (25%) within 24 hours (range 3-24) and twelve (38%) >24 hours postoperatively (range 2-90), 28 (88%) were treated with open surgery. Patency at 30 days was 97% (one amputation). Twenty-five (78%) patients had residual symptoms at the end of follow-up (median 546 days, range: 24-1251). Six of the seven patients with complete recovery had an early diagnosis of the PAI during the procedure, and were treated by a vascular surgeon in the same hospital.

    Outcome after popliteal artery injury during KA is often negatively affected by diagnostic and therapeutic delay. Bleeding and pseudoaneurysm were the most common clinical presentations.

    Keywords
    Vascular injury, popliteal artery, knee arthroplasty, complication, adverse event, pseudoaneurysm
    National Category
    Orthopaedics Surgery
    Research subject
    Surgery
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194380 (URN)10.1302/0301-620X.95B12.31611 (DOI)000327788000010 ()24293594 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, K2010-65X-20406-04-3
    Available from: 2013-02-13 Created: 2013-02-13 Last updated: 2018-01-11Bibliographically approved
    2. Iatrogenic popliteal artery injury in non arthroplasty knee surgery
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Iatrogenic popliteal artery injury in non arthroplasty knee surgery
    2015 (English)In: The Bone & Joint Journal, ISSN 2049-4394, E-ISSN 2049-4408, Vol. 97B, no 2, p. 192-196Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    We have investigated iatrogenic popliteal artery injuries (PAI) during non arthroplasty knee surgery regarding mechanism of injury, treatment and outcomes, and to identify successful strategies when injury occurs. In all, 21 iatrogenic popliteal artery injuries in 21 patients during knee surgery other than knee arthroplasty were identified from the Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) between 1987 and 2011. Prospective registry data were supplemented with case-records, including long-term follow-up. In total, 13 patients suffered PAI during elective surgery and eight during urgent surgery such as fracture fixation or tumour resection. Nine injuries were detected intraoperatively, five within 12 to 48 hours and seven > 48 hours post-operatively (two days to 23 years). There were 19 open vascular and two endovascular surgical repairs. Two patients died within six months of surgery. One patient required amputation. Only six patients had a complete recovery of whom had the vascular injury detected at time of injury and repaired by a vascular surgeon. Patients sustaining vascular injury during elective procedures are more likely to litigate (p = 0.029). We conclude that outcomes are poorer when there is a delay of diagnosis and treatment, and that orthopaedic surgeons should develop strategies to detect PAI early and ensure rapid access to vascular surgical support.

    National Category
    Orthopaedics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246818 (URN)10.1302/0301-620X.97B2.34353 (DOI)000348613700010 ()25628281 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2015-03-13 Created: 2015-03-10 Last updated: 2018-01-11Bibliographically approved
    3. Patients’ experiences of life years after severe civilian lower extremity trauma with vascular injury
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patients’ experiences of life years after severe civilian lower extremity trauma with vascular injury
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Surgery Orthopaedics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296032 (URN)
    Available from: 2016-06-13 Created: 2016-06-13 Last updated: 2018-01-10
    4. Incidence and outcome of popliteal artery injury associated with knee trauma: a nation-wide population-based cohort study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Incidence and outcome of popliteal artery injury associated with knee trauma: a nation-wide population-based cohort study
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Orthopaedics Surgery
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296034 (URN)